Peer-led behavioural intervention to prevent cigarette and water pipe use among public high school children in Sanandaj, Iran

Tobacco use among adolescents is one of the major public health concerns worldwide. In Iran, about 3.0 percent and 26.6 percent of adolescents aged 13 to 15 currently smoke cigarette and water pipe, respectively. The increase in adolescent’s tobacco use and subsequent health, social and economic...

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Main Author:	Mohammadi, Mahtab
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2016
Subjects:	Physical education and training - Iran Children - Tobacco use - Prevention
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/66929/1/FPSK%28p%29%202016%2031%20IR.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.66929
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spelling	my-upm-ir.669292019-02-12T01:05:26Z Peer-led behavioural intervention to prevent cigarette and water pipe use among public high school children in Sanandaj, Iran 2016-02 Mohammadi, Mahtab Tobacco use among adolescents is one of the major public health concerns worldwide. In Iran, about 3.0 percent and 26.6 percent of adolescents aged 13 to 15 currently smoke cigarette and water pipe, respectively. The increase in adolescent’s tobacco use and subsequent health, social and economic impact associated with smoking reveals a need for more effective and empirically prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a peer-led behavioural intervention programme to prevent cigarette smoking and water pipe use among public high schoolchildren. A cluster randomized controlled trial design was used in this study. Out of 37 public high schools in Sanandaj City, 4 male and 4 female public high schools were randomly selected and allocated into intervention or control group. All students in grade one to three (corresponding to 14-17 years old) in selected schools were included. Data were collected using three sections questionnaire. A self-administered validated questionnaire was used to measure smoking behaviour, intention to cigarette and water pipe use and determinant factors related to cigarette and water pipe use of respondents. It was administered at baseline and 6 month post-intervention. Four-hour integrated tobacco prevention program comprising of four structured modules was developed and delivered to the intervention group by trained peer educator. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21. Chi-square analyses and independent sample t-tests were used to test group equivalence between intervention and control group at baseline for categorical and continues data, respectively. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were applied to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Cohen’s d effect size (ES) and the odds ratio (OR) was used to interpret the results. The outcome measures were assessed at baseline and 6 months post-intervention. Data were collected from 1807 public high schoolchildren aged 14 to 17 years old. 949 participants randomized to the intervention and 934 participants to the control group. Results were based on controlling for cluster effects of schools and demographic factors. The results showed that there was significant decrease in intention to cigarette smoking (p=<0.001) and water pipe use (p=<0.001) observed after intervention. The intervention module was also effective in improving smoking knowledge (p=<0.001), normative believes with regard to perceived prevalence of cigarette smoking (p=<0.001), normative believes with regard to perceived prevalence of water pipe use (p=<0.001), self-esteem (p=<0.001) and refusal skill (p=0.035), but not for attitude toward smoking (p=0.307) and assertiveness skill (p=0.496) in intervention group six months post intervention. However, the peer-led cigarette and water pipe use prevention program used in this study, had no significant effect on smoking cigarette (p=0.264) and water pipe use (p=0.232) six months post intervention. In conclusion, peer-led behavioural intervention program developed in this study was effective to decrease the intention to cigarette and water pipe use. It was also effective in improving knowledge, normative believes with regard to perceived prevalence of cigarette and water pipe use, self-esteem and refusal skill. However, module developed, was not effective to reduce cigarette and water pipe use at 6 months post intervention among high schoolchildren in Sanandaj, Iran. Physical education and training - Iran Children - Tobacco use - Prevention 2016-02 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/66929/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/66929/1/FPSK%28p%29%202016%2031%20IR.pdf text en public doctoral Universiti Putra Malaysia Physical education and training - Iran Children - Tobacco use - Prevention
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Physical education and training - Iran Children - Tobacco use - Prevention
spellingShingle	Physical education and training - Iran Children - Tobacco use - Prevention Mohammadi, Mahtab Peer-led behavioural intervention to prevent cigarette and water pipe use among public high school children in Sanandaj, Iran
description	Tobacco use among adolescents is one of the major public health concerns worldwide. In Iran, about 3.0 percent and 26.6 percent of adolescents aged 13 to 15 currently smoke cigarette and water pipe, respectively. The increase in adolescent’s tobacco use and subsequent health, social and economic impact associated with smoking reveals a need for more effective and empirically prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a peer-led behavioural intervention programme to prevent cigarette smoking and water pipe use among public high schoolchildren. A cluster randomized controlled trial design was used in this study. Out of 37 public high schools in Sanandaj City, 4 male and 4 female public high schools were randomly selected and allocated into intervention or control group. All students in grade one to three (corresponding to 14-17 years old) in selected schools were included. Data were collected using three sections questionnaire. A self-administered validated questionnaire was used to measure smoking behaviour, intention to cigarette and water pipe use and determinant factors related to cigarette and water pipe use of respondents. It was administered at baseline and 6 month post-intervention. Four-hour integrated tobacco prevention program comprising of four structured modules was developed and delivered to the intervention group by trained peer educator. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21. Chi-square analyses and independent sample t-tests were used to test group equivalence between intervention and control group at baseline for categorical and continues data, respectively. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were applied to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Cohen’s d effect size (ES) and the odds ratio (OR) was used to interpret the results. The outcome measures were assessed at baseline and 6 months post-intervention. Data were collected from 1807 public high schoolchildren aged 14 to 17 years old. 949 participants randomized to the intervention and 934 participants to the control group. Results were based on controlling for cluster effects of schools and demographic factors. The results showed that there was significant decrease in intention to cigarette smoking (p=<0.001) and water pipe use (p=<0.001) observed after intervention. The intervention module was also effective in improving smoking knowledge (p=<0.001), normative believes with regard to perceived prevalence of cigarette smoking (p=<0.001), normative believes with regard to perceived prevalence of water pipe use (p=<0.001), self-esteem (p=<0.001) and refusal skill (p=0.035), but not for attitude toward smoking (p=0.307) and assertiveness skill (p=0.496) in intervention group six months post intervention. However, the peer-led cigarette and water pipe use prevention program used in this study, had no significant effect on smoking cigarette (p=0.264) and water pipe use (p=0.232) six months post intervention. In conclusion, peer-led behavioural intervention program developed in this study was effective to decrease the intention to cigarette and water pipe use. It was also effective in improving knowledge, normative believes with regard to perceived prevalence of cigarette and water pipe use, self-esteem and refusal skill. However, module developed, was not effective to reduce cigarette and water pipe use at 6 months post intervention among high schoolchildren in Sanandaj, Iran.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Mohammadi, Mahtab
author_facet	Mohammadi, Mahtab
author_sort	Mohammadi, Mahtab
title	Peer-led behavioural intervention to prevent cigarette and water pipe use among public high school children in Sanandaj, Iran
title_short	Peer-led behavioural intervention to prevent cigarette and water pipe use among public high school children in Sanandaj, Iran
title_full	Peer-led behavioural intervention to prevent cigarette and water pipe use among public high school children in Sanandaj, Iran
title_fullStr	Peer-led behavioural intervention to prevent cigarette and water pipe use among public high school children in Sanandaj, Iran
title_full_unstemmed	Peer-led behavioural intervention to prevent cigarette and water pipe use among public high school children in Sanandaj, Iran
title_sort	peer-led behavioural intervention to prevent cigarette and water pipe use among public high school children in sanandaj, iran
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2016
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/66929/1/FPSK%28p%29%202016%2031%20IR.pdf
_version_	1747812426725720064

Peer-led behavioural intervention to prevent cigarette and water pipe use among public high school children in Sanandaj, Iran

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