Analytical techniques for detection of adulteration in crude palm oil

In recent years, the demand and consumption for Crude Palm Oil (CPO) has gradually increased in world market. However, production to fulfill the rising demand is rather slow. The gap between demand and production thus lead to potential frauds or adulteration of the CPO. Therefore, we are investigati...

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Main Author:	Inthiram, Anand Kumar
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	Food adulteration and inspection Palm oil
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/68063/1/FBSB%202015%2018%20IR.pdf
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spelling	my-upm-ir.680632019-04-15T04:20:42Z Analytical techniques for detection of adulteration in crude palm oil 2015-03 Inthiram, Anand Kumar In recent years, the demand and consumption for Crude Palm Oil (CPO) has gradually increased in world market. However, production to fulfill the rising demand is rather slow. The gap between demand and production thus lead to potential frauds or adulteration of the CPO. Therefore, we are investigating the possibility of using analytical techniques such as gas chromatograph (GC), high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to detect CPO adulteration with sludge oil (SO) and used vegetable oil (UVO/UVOA). Investigations conducted with individual fatty acids and triacylglycerol by GC and HPLC analysis, respectively showed that it was very difficult to distinguish between genuine CPO from adulterated CPO. However, combination of fatty acids and triacylglycerols with multivariate statistical analysis produced more promising results. With these techniques, contaminated CPO with adulterants between 2-5% was easily detected by principle component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (Dendrogram). DSC thermograms showed that detection of adulteration was difficult to be determined by using heating thermogramd due to the polymorphism of oils and fats. However, the profile of DSC cooling thermograms showed changes in peak intensity as the amount of adulterant concentrations varied in CPO. This provided a positive indication that detection of adulterants in CPO could be determined from the changes in peak intensity. In parallel, application of multivariate and regression analysis were able to identify adulterant contents as low as 2% accurately in CPO. FTIR spectroscopy was the last technique applied to detect SO and UVO/UVOA adulteration. FTIR techniques seems to be the least promising technique to detect adulteration of CPO. However adulteration with used vegetable oil containing animal fat (UVOA) was clearly highlighted and was able to be discriminated by cluster analysis Dendrogram at level of 2 % using FTIR spectra. Nevertheless, further study is required to improve the level of detection as well as accuracy for discriminating genuine CPO from the adulterated CPO. Food adulteration and inspection Palm oil 2015-03 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/68063/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/68063/1/FBSB%202015%2018%20IR.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Food adulteration and inspection Palm oil
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Food adulteration and inspection Palm oil
spellingShingle	Food adulteration and inspection Palm oil Inthiram, Anand Kumar Analytical techniques for detection of adulteration in crude palm oil
description	In recent years, the demand and consumption for Crude Palm Oil (CPO) has gradually increased in world market. However, production to fulfill the rising demand is rather slow. The gap between demand and production thus lead to potential frauds or adulteration of the CPO. Therefore, we are investigating the possibility of using analytical techniques such as gas chromatograph (GC), high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to detect CPO adulteration with sludge oil (SO) and used vegetable oil (UVO/UVOA). Investigations conducted with individual fatty acids and triacylglycerol by GC and HPLC analysis, respectively showed that it was very difficult to distinguish between genuine CPO from adulterated CPO. However, combination of fatty acids and triacylglycerols with multivariate statistical analysis produced more promising results. With these techniques, contaminated CPO with adulterants between 2-5% was easily detected by principle component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (Dendrogram). DSC thermograms showed that detection of adulteration was difficult to be determined by using heating thermogramd due to the polymorphism of oils and fats. However, the profile of DSC cooling thermograms showed changes in peak intensity as the amount of adulterant concentrations varied in CPO. This provided a positive indication that detection of adulterants in CPO could be determined from the changes in peak intensity. In parallel, application of multivariate and regression analysis were able to identify adulterant contents as low as 2% accurately in CPO. FTIR spectroscopy was the last technique applied to detect SO and UVO/UVOA adulteration. FTIR techniques seems to be the least promising technique to detect adulteration of CPO. However adulteration with used vegetable oil containing animal fat (UVOA) was clearly highlighted and was able to be discriminated by cluster analysis Dendrogram at level of 2 % using FTIR spectra. Nevertheless, further study is required to improve the level of detection as well as accuracy for discriminating genuine CPO from the adulterated CPO.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Inthiram, Anand Kumar
author_facet	Inthiram, Anand Kumar
author_sort	Inthiram, Anand Kumar
title	Analytical techniques for detection of adulteration in crude palm oil
title_short	Analytical techniques for detection of adulteration in crude palm oil
title_full	Analytical techniques for detection of adulteration in crude palm oil
title_fullStr	Analytical techniques for detection of adulteration in crude palm oil
title_full_unstemmed	Analytical techniques for detection of adulteration in crude palm oil
title_sort	analytical techniques for detection of adulteration in crude palm oil
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2015
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/68063/1/FBSB%202015%2018%20IR.pdf
_version_	1747812545618509824

Analytical techniques for detection of adulteration in crude palm oil

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