Occurrence of commonly used pesticides in personal air samples and their associated health risk among paddy farmers in Tanjung Karang, Malaysia
Introduction: Tanjung Karang, Selangor is widely known for its paddy cultivation activity and hosts the third largest paddy field in Malaysia. Pesticides contamination in agriculture fields has become an unavoidable problem and farmers are the major group of workers who are constantly handling pe...
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my-upm-ir.685892019-05-21T06:39:46Z Occurrence of commonly used pesticides in personal air samples and their associated health risk among paddy farmers in Tanjung Karang, Malaysia 2017-11 Mohamad Hamsan, Hazwanee Introduction: Tanjung Karang, Selangor is widely known for its paddy cultivation activity and hosts the third largest paddy field in Malaysia. Pesticides contamination in agriculture fields has become an unavoidable problem and farmers are the major group of workers who are constantly handling pesticides. The occupational exposure to pesticides via inhalation could results in both acute and chronic health effects. Objective: This study aims to quantify the concentration of the commonly used pesticides (azoxystrobin, buprofezin, chlorantraniliprole, difenoconazole, fipronil, imidacloprid, isoprothiolane, pretilachlor, propiconazole, pymetrozine, tebuconazole, tricyclazole and trifloxystrobin) in personal air samples, assess their potential health risk to paddy farmers, determine the correlations between climatological conditions (wind speed and temperature) and the concentration of pesticides in personal air samples, determine the association between the proper usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and self reported respiratory health symptoms among paddy farmers and determine the relationship between self reported respiratory health symptoms and pesticides exposure among paddy farmers. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Tanjung Karang, Selangor and eighty-three farmers were involved in this study. A solid sorbent tube was attached to the farmer’s breathing zone with a clip, and an air pump was fastened to the belt to collect personal air samples. Pesticides collected in the XAD-2 resin were extracted with acetone, centrifuged, concentrated via nitrogen blowdown and reconstituted with 1 mL of 3:1 ultrapure water:High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade methanol solution. The extract was analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLCMS/ MS). The health risk of pesticides due to inhalation exposure was calculated for non-carcinogenic (hazard quotients (HQ) and hazard index (HI)) and carcinogenic (lifetime cancer risk (LCR)) health risk. Result: The target compounds were detected with a maximum concentration reaching up to 462.50 ng m-3 (fipronil) and pretilachlor had the highest mean concentration (107.19 ng m-3). The HQ was less than 1 for all the target compounds and the HI value was 3.86 × 10-3, indicating that the risk of pesticides related diseases was not significant. The LCR for pymetrozine was at an acceptable level (LCR<10-6) with 4.10 × 10-8. The self-reported respiratory health symptoms by the paddy farmers reported in this study are as follows: breathing difficulty (16.9%), chest pain (15.7%), cough (41.0%), phlegm (39.8%), and wheezing (18.1%). Spearman’s correlation coefficient test stated that the concentrations of chlorantraniliprole, fipronil and pymetrozine were affected by windspeed and temperature. Simple logistic regressions analysis indicated that exposure to azoxystrobin, buprofezin, chlorantraniliprole, fipronil, isoprothiolane, pretilachlor, propiconazole, tricyclazole and trifloxystrobin were contributing factors that affect selfreported respiratory health symptoms in this study. Conclusion: There were no significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks among farmers in the study area. The results reported in this study can be beneficial in terms of risk management within the agricultural community and contributed to the knowledge of pesticides exposure to farmers working on paddy fields in Malaysia. 2017-11 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/68589/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/68589/1/FPSK%28M%29%202018%2017%20IR.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia |
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English |
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Mohamad Hamsan, Hazwanee Occurrence of commonly used pesticides in personal air samples and their associated health risk among paddy farmers in Tanjung Karang, Malaysia |
| description |
Introduction: Tanjung Karang, Selangor is widely known for its paddy cultivation
activity and hosts the third largest paddy field in Malaysia. Pesticides contamination in
agriculture fields has become an unavoidable problem and farmers are the major group
of workers who are constantly handling pesticides. The occupational exposure to
pesticides via inhalation could results in both acute and chronic health effects.
Objective: This study aims to quantify the concentration of the commonly used
pesticides (azoxystrobin, buprofezin, chlorantraniliprole, difenoconazole, fipronil,
imidacloprid, isoprothiolane, pretilachlor, propiconazole, pymetrozine, tebuconazole,
tricyclazole and trifloxystrobin) in personal air samples, assess their potential health
risk to paddy farmers, determine the correlations between climatological conditions
(wind speed and temperature) and the concentration of pesticides in personal air
samples, determine the association between the proper usage of personal protective
equipment (PPE) and self reported respiratory health symptoms among paddy farmers
and determine the relationship between self reported respiratory health symptoms and
pesticides exposure among paddy farmers. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was
carried out at Tanjung Karang, Selangor and eighty-three farmers were involved in this
study. A solid sorbent tube was attached to the farmer’s breathing zone with a clip, and
an air pump was fastened to the belt to collect personal air samples. Pesticides collected
in the XAD-2 resin were extracted with acetone, centrifuged, concentrated via nitrogen
blowdown and reconstituted with 1 mL of 3:1 ultrapure water:High-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC)-grade methanol solution. The extract was analyzed using
ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLCMS/
MS). The health risk of pesticides due to inhalation exposure was calculated for
non-carcinogenic (hazard quotients (HQ) and hazard index (HI)) and carcinogenic
(lifetime cancer risk (LCR)) health risk. Result: The target compounds were detected
with a maximum concentration reaching up to 462.50 ng m-3 (fipronil) and pretilachlor
had the highest mean concentration (107.19 ng m-3). The HQ was less than 1 for all the
target compounds and the HI value was 3.86 × 10-3, indicating that the risk of pesticides
related diseases was not significant. The LCR for pymetrozine was at an acceptable
level (LCR<10-6) with 4.10 × 10-8. The self-reported respiratory health symptoms by
the paddy farmers reported in this study are as follows: breathing difficulty (16.9%), chest pain (15.7%), cough (41.0%), phlegm (39.8%), and wheezing (18.1%).
Spearman’s correlation coefficient test stated that the concentrations of
chlorantraniliprole, fipronil and pymetrozine were affected by windspeed and
temperature. Simple logistic regressions analysis indicated that exposure to
azoxystrobin, buprofezin, chlorantraniliprole, fipronil, isoprothiolane, pretilachlor,
propiconazole, tricyclazole and trifloxystrobin were contributing factors that affect selfreported
respiratory health symptoms in this study. Conclusion: There were no
significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks among farmers in the study
area. The results reported in this study can be beneficial in terms of risk management
within the agricultural community and contributed to the knowledge of pesticides
exposure to farmers working on paddy fields in Malaysia. |
| format |
Thesis |
| qualification_level |
Master's degree |
| author |
Mohamad Hamsan, Hazwanee |
| author_facet |
Mohamad Hamsan, Hazwanee |
| author_sort |
Mohamad Hamsan, Hazwanee |
| title |
Occurrence of commonly used pesticides in personal air samples and their associated health risk among paddy farmers in Tanjung Karang, Malaysia |
| title_short |
Occurrence of commonly used pesticides in personal air samples and their associated health risk among paddy farmers in Tanjung Karang, Malaysia |
| title_full |
Occurrence of commonly used pesticides in personal air samples and their associated health risk among paddy farmers in Tanjung Karang, Malaysia |
| title_fullStr |
Occurrence of commonly used pesticides in personal air samples and their associated health risk among paddy farmers in Tanjung Karang, Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Occurrence of commonly used pesticides in personal air samples and their associated health risk among paddy farmers in Tanjung Karang, Malaysia |
| title_sort |
occurrence of commonly used pesticides in personal air samples and their associated health risk among paddy farmers in tanjung karang, malaysia |
| granting_institution |
Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| url |
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/68589/1/FPSK%28M%29%202018%2017%20IR.pdf |
| _version_ |
1747812601760317440 |