Source separation of solid waste for recycling practice at household level in Johor and Selangor, Malaysia
Beginning June 1st, 2016, source separation of solid waste for recycling practice is mandatorily enforced with compound taking effect at household level in Malaysia as part of the country's transformed strategy towards sustainable solid waste management. However, not all states in Malaysi...
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Format: | Thesis |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2017
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Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/68798/1/FPAS%202018%203%20IR.pdf |
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Summary: | Beginning June 1st, 2016, source separation of solid waste for recycling practice is
mandatorily enforced with compound taking effect at household level in Malaysia as
part of the country's transformed strategy towards sustainable solid waste
management. However, not all states in Malaysia share similar policy approach in
introducing and sustaining the practice among households. Addressing that, this
study evaluated source separation of solid waste for recycling practice from the
perspectives of the main organizations and households in two of the most populated
states that represent different policies of solid waste management in Malaysia,
specifically Johor and Selangor. Based on purposive sampling, 19 lead officers
representing solid waste management organizations in both states participated in the
semi-structured interviews. Data derived from interview transcripts were analyzed
and the interpretations were corroborated with the documents provided by
participants. This study also conducted questionnaire survey involving randomly
selected respondents from each area of jurisdiction under local authorities in both
states. The sampling successfully gathered 589 respondents from Johor and 806
respondents from Selangor. This study also adopted Theory of Planned Behaviour
(TPB) to provide a more nuanced view of the practice among households in both
states. Based on the interviews, the overall management in Johor and Selangor were
different in terms of expectations and organizational structure and system. However,
participants revealed similar conflicts of interest between organizations and
households in both states. Despite comparatively similar challenges in resources,
personnel, and technicality, participants in Selangor encountered issues that were
more apparent without specific regulatory instrument. As for households, majority
were supportive of mandatory approach regardless of the type of policy implemented
(U = 232134.5, z = -0.839, p = 0.402). Households' responses on perception towards
solid waste, challenges faced, expectations, and willingness to participate were
comparatively similar between both states. Meanwhile, attitude explained
significantly more of the variance in behavioural intention for households in Johor (r= 0.56, p < 0.01) than in Selangor (r = 0.43, p < 0.01). Similarly, moral norm
explained significantly more of the variance in behavioural intention for households
in Johor (r = 0.70, p < 0.01) than in Selangor (r = 0.63, p < 0.01). Interestingly, there
was also a statistically significantly difference in the strength of the correlation
between attitude and moral norm for households in both states where attitude
explained significantly more of the variance in moral norm for households in Johor (r
= 0.77, p < 0.01) than in Selangor (r = 0.72, p < 0.01). Standard multiple regression
were subsequently performed for cases of Johor and Selangor, which revealed that
the inclusion of moral norm increased the predictiveness of TPB based on the results
of three proposed models. Obtained principal component analysis results revealed
attitude, moral norm, and behavioural intention loaded strongly on a single
component, suggesting these components may not be separately considered. This
also reaffirmed the unique association between attitude and moral norm on
behavioural intention of households, despite under different policy approach.
Meanwhile, the one-way between-groups multivariate analysis of variance results
revealed that gender, age group, and education level do not play a defining attribute
in determining households' overall behaviour in both states. The number of children
in household, however, may have potential influence over households' moral norm
under mandatory approach (Johor), F (2, 586) = 4.67, p = 0.010, partial eta-squared =
0.016 using a Bonferroni adjusted alpha level of 0.01. Conclusively, this study
addressed pertinent issues and challenges within the existing solid waste
management system in the context of source separation of solid waste for recycling
practice at household level in Malaysia from multifaceted perspectives. In this
context, this study also proposed and recommended a framework of planning and
management, implementation, and evaluation based on the obtained qualitative
findings and quantitative results. |
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