Genetic diversity, volatile constituents, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of selected aromatic plant species from Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve

Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are widely valued for their aromas, tastes, and remedies of various human illnesses. The Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR) contains a high diversity of MAPs, which potential has not been explored. This study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity of MAPs at...

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Main Author:	Jumaat, Siti Rahimah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	Gene banks Plant - Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve - Malaysia Medicinal plants - Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve - Malaysia Aromatic plants - Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve - Malaysia
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70926/1/FH%202017%2018%20IR.pdf
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spelling	my-upm-ir.709262019-08-29T07:27:17Z Genetic diversity, volatile constituents, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of selected aromatic plant species from Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve 2017-09 Jumaat, Siti Rahimah Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are widely valued for their aromas, tastes, and remedies of various human illnesses. The Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR) contains a high diversity of MAPs, which potential has not been explored. This study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity of MAPs at AHFR and to identify the chemical composition of several of them. Ten species of MAPs from eight families (Annonaceae, Asteraceae, Burseraceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Piperaceae, Rutaceae, and Thymelaeaceae) were collected based on morphological identification and subjected to DNA sequencing using the intergenic spacer region psbA-trnH and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). They were selected based on their medicinal and aromatic properties, which have been utilized by the aborigines at AHFR. DNA sequences of both regions had high similarities to their respective species in the Genbank. Phylogenetic trees were constructed and analyzed using Maximum Likelihood (ML) criteria together with 61 additional sequences of MAPs incorporated from the Genbank. Through molecular approach, species identity of these MAPs can be ascertained before employing their properties. The volatile constituents and toxicity content of three aromatic plant species, Syzygium polyanthum Wight (Walp.), Monocarpia marginalis (Scheff.) J. Sinclair, and Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob, were determined, via Gas Chromatography (GC) with Flame Ionization Detector (FID). These species were chosen because of their distinct sensory characteristics with pleasant and strong odor of the leaves and stems. Altogether, 116 compounds were identified. Sesquiterpenes like α-cadinol, α-cedrene, cubenol, farnesol, ledol, trans-β-nerolidol, and γ-muurolene were abundantly found in both essential oils and crude extracts of three species. These genuine aromatic compounds display their potential on the significant properties primarily for fragrance and pharmaceutical purposes. To validate the safety consumption and application of these plant extracts, toxicity evaluations were carried out on human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs). Three plant extracts were toxic to human PBMCs; the essential oils of M. marginalis and C. odorata, and hexane extract of C. odorata yielded IC50 and LD50 values of 76 mg/mL and 6,913 mg/kg, 14 mg/mL and 3,684 mg/kg, and 2.45 mg/mL and 1,927 mg/kg, respectively. The LD50 values indicated that the M. marginalis and C. odorata extracts were classified as slightly and moderately hazardous, respectively, for the oral and dermal hazardous levels according to the category of toxic chemicals set forth by the World Health Organization. A detailed toxicity evaluation via comet assay proved that all of the extracts of M. marginalis and C. odorata induced significant DNA damage (p < 0.05), while none of the S. polyanthum extracts exerted genotoxicity. Screening the phytochemical and toxicity contents of plants is crucial before their appropriateness for human consumption and application can be considered. Gene banks, Plant - Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve - Malaysia Medicinal plants - Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve - Malaysia Aromatic plants - Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve - Malaysia 2017-09 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70926/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70926/1/FH%202017%2018%20IR.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Gene banks, Plant - Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve - Malaysia Medicinal plants - Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve - Malaysia Aromatic plants - Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve - Malaysia
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Gene banks Plant - Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve - Malaysia Medicinal plants - Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve - Malaysia Aromatic plants - Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve - Malaysia
spellingShingle	Gene banks Plant - Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve - Malaysia Medicinal plants - Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve - Malaysia Aromatic plants - Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve - Malaysia Jumaat, Siti Rahimah Genetic diversity, volatile constituents, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of selected aromatic plant species from Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve
description	Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are widely valued for their aromas, tastes, and remedies of various human illnesses. The Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR) contains a high diversity of MAPs, which potential has not been explored. This study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity of MAPs at AHFR and to identify the chemical composition of several of them. Ten species of MAPs from eight families (Annonaceae, Asteraceae, Burseraceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Piperaceae, Rutaceae, and Thymelaeaceae) were collected based on morphological identification and subjected to DNA sequencing using the intergenic spacer region psbA-trnH and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). They were selected based on their medicinal and aromatic properties, which have been utilized by the aborigines at AHFR. DNA sequences of both regions had high similarities to their respective species in the Genbank. Phylogenetic trees were constructed and analyzed using Maximum Likelihood (ML) criteria together with 61 additional sequences of MAPs incorporated from the Genbank. Through molecular approach, species identity of these MAPs can be ascertained before employing their properties. The volatile constituents and toxicity content of three aromatic plant species, Syzygium polyanthum Wight (Walp.), Monocarpia marginalis (Scheff.) J. Sinclair, and Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob, were determined, via Gas Chromatography (GC) with Flame Ionization Detector (FID). These species were chosen because of their distinct sensory characteristics with pleasant and strong odor of the leaves and stems. Altogether, 116 compounds were identified. Sesquiterpenes like α-cadinol, α-cedrene, cubenol, farnesol, ledol, trans-β-nerolidol, and γ-muurolene were abundantly found in both essential oils and crude extracts of three species. These genuine aromatic compounds display their potential on the significant properties primarily for fragrance and pharmaceutical purposes. To validate the safety consumption and application of these plant extracts, toxicity evaluations were carried out on human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs). Three plant extracts were toxic to human PBMCs; the essential oils of M. marginalis and C. odorata, and hexane extract of C. odorata yielded IC50 and LD50 values of 76 mg/mL and 6,913 mg/kg, 14 mg/mL and 3,684 mg/kg, and 2.45 mg/mL and 1,927 mg/kg, respectively. The LD50 values indicated that the M. marginalis and C. odorata extracts were classified as slightly and moderately hazardous, respectively, for the oral and dermal hazardous levels according to the category of toxic chemicals set forth by the World Health Organization. A detailed toxicity evaluation via comet assay proved that all of the extracts of M. marginalis and C. odorata induced significant DNA damage (p < 0.05), while none of the S. polyanthum extracts exerted genotoxicity. Screening the phytochemical and toxicity contents of plants is crucial before their appropriateness for human consumption and application can be considered.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Jumaat, Siti Rahimah
author_facet	Jumaat, Siti Rahimah
author_sort	Jumaat, Siti Rahimah
title	Genetic diversity, volatile constituents, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of selected aromatic plant species from Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve
title_short	Genetic diversity, volatile constituents, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of selected aromatic plant species from Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve
title_full	Genetic diversity, volatile constituents, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of selected aromatic plant species from Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve
title_fullStr	Genetic diversity, volatile constituents, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of selected aromatic plant species from Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve
title_full_unstemmed	Genetic diversity, volatile constituents, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of selected aromatic plant species from Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve
title_sort	genetic diversity, volatile constituents, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of selected aromatic plant species from ayer hitam forest reserve
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2017
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70926/1/FH%202017%2018%20IR.pdf
_version_	1747812938324901888

Genetic diversity, volatile constituents, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of selected aromatic plant species from Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve

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