Modification of dolomites using tin and zinc as efficient solid catalysts for methyl esters production

Rapid energy consumption nowadays has led to the development of renewable resources of energy such as biodiesel. However, high cost of biodiesel production retards further development of this industry. Dolomite is a naturally occurring source of CaO and MgO which promotes a high potential heterog...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Zdainal Abidin, Shajaratun Nur
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2014
Subjects:	Methyl ether Esterification
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75928/1/FS%202014%2088%20-%20IR.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-upm-ir.75928
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-upm-ir.759282019-11-20T06:36:12Z Modification of dolomites using tin and zinc as efficient solid catalysts for methyl esters production 2014-07 Zdainal Abidin, Shajaratun Nur Rapid energy consumption nowadays has led to the development of renewable resources of energy such as biodiesel. However, high cost of biodiesel production retards further development of this industry. Dolomite is a naturally occurring source of CaO and MgO which promotes a high potential heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production. Transesterification of palm oil via calcined dolomite (AD8) catalyst exhibited 98.3 % conversion of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Selective metal oxides, Sn and Zn were as dopants since they have amphoteric properties which can improve the basicity of the parent material (dolomite). In order to obtain modified dolomite catalyst, 1, 3 and 5 % of metal oxides (Sn and Zn) were doped separately on the AD8 via wet impregnation method and exposed for calcination in air at 773 K for 3 h. These catalysts were denoted as 1DSN, 3DSN and 5DSN for Sn-dopant, whereas 1DZN, 3DZN and 5DZN for Zndopant. The catalysts were characterized by using X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) of CO2. The catalysts were then employed for transesterification reaction under different conditions (time of reaction, methanol to oil molar ratio and amount of catalyst) to investigate the catalytic activities of the catalysts. From the result, calcined dolomite (AD8) which has been doped with 3 % of SnO2 (3DSN) showed optimum conversion of 99.98 % at the least conditions i.e. 1 wt.% of catalyst amount, in 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio reacted in 4 h compared to 3DZN and AD8. The catalytic activities of these catalysts were found depending on the basicity and the surface area of the catalyst used. Several tests were conducted to study the physicochemical properties such as pour point, flash point, kinematic viscosity, sulphur content and cloud point of biodiesel produced. Based on the results, the synthesized biodiesel is comparable with conventional diesel in the market since it meets the international standards of biodiesel (ASTM, EN) and MS for diesel fuel specifications as well. Methyl ether Esterification 2014-07 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75928/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75928/1/FS%202014%2088%20-%20IR.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Methyl ether Esterification
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Methyl ether Esterification
spellingShingle	Methyl ether Esterification Zdainal Abidin, Shajaratun Nur Modification of dolomites using tin and zinc as efficient solid catalysts for methyl esters production
description	Rapid energy consumption nowadays has led to the development of renewable resources of energy such as biodiesel. However, high cost of biodiesel production retards further development of this industry. Dolomite is a naturally occurring source of CaO and MgO which promotes a high potential heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production. Transesterification of palm oil via calcined dolomite (AD8) catalyst exhibited 98.3 % conversion of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Selective metal oxides, Sn and Zn were as dopants since they have amphoteric properties which can improve the basicity of the parent material (dolomite). In order to obtain modified dolomite catalyst, 1, 3 and 5 % of metal oxides (Sn and Zn) were doped separately on the AD8 via wet impregnation method and exposed for calcination in air at 773 K for 3 h. These catalysts were denoted as 1DSN, 3DSN and 5DSN for Sn-dopant, whereas 1DZN, 3DZN and 5DZN for Zndopant. The catalysts were characterized by using X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) of CO2. The catalysts were then employed for transesterification reaction under different conditions (time of reaction, methanol to oil molar ratio and amount of catalyst) to investigate the catalytic activities of the catalysts. From the result, calcined dolomite (AD8) which has been doped with 3 % of SnO2 (3DSN) showed optimum conversion of 99.98 % at the least conditions i.e. 1 wt.% of catalyst amount, in 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio reacted in 4 h compared to 3DZN and AD8. The catalytic activities of these catalysts were found depending on the basicity and the surface area of the catalyst used. Several tests were conducted to study the physicochemical properties such as pour point, flash point, kinematic viscosity, sulphur content and cloud point of biodiesel produced. Based on the results, the synthesized biodiesel is comparable with conventional diesel in the market since it meets the international standards of biodiesel (ASTM, EN) and MS for diesel fuel specifications as well.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Zdainal Abidin, Shajaratun Nur
author_facet	Zdainal Abidin, Shajaratun Nur
author_sort	Zdainal Abidin, Shajaratun Nur
title	Modification of dolomites using tin and zinc as efficient solid catalysts for methyl esters production
title_short	Modification of dolomites using tin and zinc as efficient solid catalysts for methyl esters production
title_full	Modification of dolomites using tin and zinc as efficient solid catalysts for methyl esters production
title_fullStr	Modification of dolomites using tin and zinc as efficient solid catalysts for methyl esters production
title_full_unstemmed	Modification of dolomites using tin and zinc as efficient solid catalysts for methyl esters production
title_sort	modification of dolomites using tin and zinc as efficient solid catalysts for methyl esters production
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2014
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75928/1/FS%202014%2088%20-%20IR.pdf
_version_	1747813099484741632

Modification of dolomites using tin and zinc as efficient solid catalysts for methyl esters production

Similar Items