Larval rearing and juvenile production of tropical black sea urchin, Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778)

Long-spined black sea urchin Diadema setosum were successfully cultured within 35 days in closed culture system at a culture temperature of 28ºC. Complete observations of their physical characteristics and skeleton structure were done to determine normal and healthy larvae using this culture method....

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Main Author:	Abdul Wahab, Mohammad Sarifudin
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2018
Subjects:	Sea urchins Diadematidae
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77269/1/IB%202018%2025%20-%20ir.pdf
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spelling	my-upm-ir.772692022-02-04T03:24:08Z Larval rearing and juvenile production of tropical black sea urchin, Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) 2018-03 Abdul Wahab, Mohammad Sarifudin Long-spined black sea urchin Diadema setosum were successfully cultured within 35 days in closed culture system at a culture temperature of 28ºC. Complete observations of their physical characteristics and skeleton structure were done to determine normal and healthy larvae using this culture method. Trials on environmental effects discovered the critical range for high survival of this sea urchin larva. On salinity, it was shown that D. setosum larvae could not survive and develop when salinity is less than 28 or more than 37 PSU. The best salinity was at 31 PSU. Moreover, fertilization success decreased with increasing or decreasing salinities. The critical tolerance temperature for embryonic development was 16 and 34°C for the minimum and maximum levels, respectively. Among these, 28°C was the best temperature for growth and development rates in all larval stages. Optimization on culture methods was done by determining the optimal food concentrations, larval densities, and food types. Food concentration showed a trade-off relation between arm length and stomach size of the larvae with a value of -0.955 which was likely due to evolution plasticity of feeding structures. The best density for survival and development of larvae culture was 1 larvae/m, leading to a survival of 67.33%. The best microalgae for D. setosum was Chaetoceros calcitrans, leading to metamorphosis after 35 days, followed by mixed algae culture (C. calcitrans and Isochrysis galbana) and lastly Isochrysis galbana. All larvae cultured with Nannochloropsis sp. died before reaching the late 4-arm stage. Addition of coralline red algae induces highest percentange settlement of D. setosum as compared other micro algae. This indicates that potent inducing substances were sufficiently present in red algae. The use of biofilm did not improve the metamorphosis rate (2-5%) compared to the control. In summary, findings from this study can be useful to understanding the life cycle of this sea urchin. Investigations of other environmental factors, such as pH, alkalinity and turbulence, would likely also help customize optimum conditions for culturing the sea urchin in closed or open culture systems. Such information may help the farmer to better develop aquaculture systems for sea urchin culture. Sea urchins Diadematidae 2018-03 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77269/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77269/1/IB%202018%2025%20-%20ir.pdf text en public doctoral Universiti Putra Malaysia Sea urchins Diadematidae Md. Yusoff, Fatimah
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Md. Yusoff, Fatimah
topic	Sea urchins Diadematidae
spellingShingle	Sea urchins Diadematidae Abdul Wahab, Mohammad Sarifudin Larval rearing and juvenile production of tropical black sea urchin, Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778)
description	Long-spined black sea urchin Diadema setosum were successfully cultured within 35 days in closed culture system at a culture temperature of 28ºC. Complete observations of their physical characteristics and skeleton structure were done to determine normal and healthy larvae using this culture method. Trials on environmental effects discovered the critical range for high survival of this sea urchin larva. On salinity, it was shown that D. setosum larvae could not survive and develop when salinity is less than 28 or more than 37 PSU. The best salinity was at 31 PSU. Moreover, fertilization success decreased with increasing or decreasing salinities. The critical tolerance temperature for embryonic development was 16 and 34°C for the minimum and maximum levels, respectively. Among these, 28°C was the best temperature for growth and development rates in all larval stages. Optimization on culture methods was done by determining the optimal food concentrations, larval densities, and food types. Food concentration showed a trade-off relation between arm length and stomach size of the larvae with a value of -0.955 which was likely due to evolution plasticity of feeding structures. The best density for survival and development of larvae culture was 1 larvae/m, leading to a survival of 67.33%. The best microalgae for D. setosum was Chaetoceros calcitrans, leading to metamorphosis after 35 days, followed by mixed algae culture (C. calcitrans and Isochrysis galbana) and lastly Isochrysis galbana. All larvae cultured with Nannochloropsis sp. died before reaching the late 4-arm stage. Addition of coralline red algae induces highest percentange settlement of D. setosum as compared other micro algae. This indicates that potent inducing substances were sufficiently present in red algae. The use of biofilm did not improve the metamorphosis rate (2-5%) compared to the control. In summary, findings from this study can be useful to understanding the life cycle of this sea urchin. Investigations of other environmental factors, such as pH, alkalinity and turbulence, would likely also help customize optimum conditions for culturing the sea urchin in closed or open culture systems. Such information may help the farmer to better develop aquaculture systems for sea urchin culture.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Abdul Wahab, Mohammad Sarifudin
author_facet	Abdul Wahab, Mohammad Sarifudin
author_sort	Abdul Wahab, Mohammad Sarifudin
title	Larval rearing and juvenile production of tropical black sea urchin, Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778)
title_short	Larval rearing and juvenile production of tropical black sea urchin, Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778)
title_full	Larval rearing and juvenile production of tropical black sea urchin, Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778)
title_fullStr	Larval rearing and juvenile production of tropical black sea urchin, Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778)
title_full_unstemmed	Larval rearing and juvenile production of tropical black sea urchin, Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778)
title_sort	larval rearing and juvenile production of tropical black sea urchin, diadema setosum (leske, 1778)
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2018
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77269/1/IB%202018%2025%20-%20ir.pdf
_version_	1747813212031549440

Larval rearing and juvenile production of tropical black sea urchin, Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778)

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