Sub-critical water pyrolysis of oil palm trunk for production of bio-oil and solid product
Oil palm tree is a commercial crop in Malaysia producing millions of tonnes of unused oil palm trunk (OPT) waste during replanting process which is done in large scale every 25 to 30 years. The inner region of OPT was unutilized due to high moisture content which make it easy to rot. In this stud...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2018
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/77758/1/FK%202019%2057%20ir.pdf |
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| Summary: | Oil palm tree is a commercial crop in Malaysia producing millions of tonnes of unused
oil palm trunk (OPT) waste during replanting process which is done in large scale
every 25 to 30 years. The inner region of OPT was unutilized due to high moisture
content which make it easy to rot. In this study, water at sub-critical state was utilized
to produce bio-oil and solid product from the inner region of OPT. The objectives for
this study are to evaluate the effect of reaction temperature and time on the yield of
bio-oil and solid product produced, to determine the optimum condition (reaction
temperature and time) for the production of bio-oil and solid product, and to
characterize the bio-oil and solid product obtained. In order to determine the best OPT
for the production of bio-oil and solid product from the inner region of OPT, 21 and
35 year old OPTs were used. Each OPT were divided into two parts, namely top and
bottom parts. OPTs were then cut into small size and loaded into a reactor. The reactor
was then immersed in a molten salt bath for sub-critical water (Sub-CW) reaction. The
reaction was carried out in a temperature range between 100°C-370°C with 10°C
intervals and reaction time was varied between 0.1 to 20 minutes. It was found that,
the best OPT for production of bio-oil and solid product is from the 21 years old OPT.
In the 21 years old OPT, the optimum condition for the highest production yield of
bio-oil was 27.5% kg/kg-dry OPT (OPT21T, 340ºC, 5 min) and 30.1% kg/kg-dry OPT
(OPT21B, 330ºC, 5 min). The highest Higher Heating Value (HHV) of bio-oil was
33,200kJ/kg (OPT21T, 350ºC, 5 min) and 26,400kJ/kg (OPT21B, 340ºC, 5 min). The
best HHV of solid product was 31,000kJ/kg (OPT21T, 370ºC, 5 min) and 32,400kJ/kg
(OPT21B, 340ºC, 5 min). The particle size of solid product at optimum condition was
20m and 17m for OPT21B and OPT21T, respectively. The main chemical compound
found in bio-oilwere phenol, 2-methoxy-phenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxy-phenol, and 2,6-
dimethoxy- phenol. These results show that Sub-CW reaction is technically feasible
in producing bio-oil and solid product from OPT. |
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