Studies on the Improvement of the Nutritive Value and Utilization of Palm Kernel Cake as a Feed Resource for Ruminants

Utilization of palm kernel cake (PKC) as the principal feed for ruminants was investigated in four studies. The study on the nutritive value showed that PKC·solvent extracted (PKC·S) and PKC·expeller pressed (PKC·E) contained similar amounts of OM, CP, CF and ADL. PKC·E had higher OM. EE and GE...

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Main Author:	Chinajariyawong, Charurat
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2000
Subjects:	Ruminant - Feeding and feeds Palm products
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7951/1/IB_2000_3.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.7951
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-upm-ir.79512023-11-22T08:25:58Z Studies on the Improvement of the Nutritive Value and Utilization of Palm Kernel Cake as a Feed Resource for Ruminants 2000-03 Chinajariyawong, Charurat Utilization of palm kernel cake (PKC) as the principal feed for ruminants was investigated in four studies. The study on the nutritive value showed that PKC·solvent extracted (PKC·S) and PKC·expeller pressed (PKC·E) contained similar amounts of OM, CP, CF and ADL. PKC·E had higher OM. EE and GE but lower NFE, NDF. ADF and shell contents. Amounts of Ca. P. Cu and Zn were similar in both types ofPKC, but Na was higher and Mg was lower in PKCS. Ruminal pH. NH3-N concentration. molar proportions of YF A and passage rates of liquid and small digesta particles in cattle fed either PKC·S or PKC·E were similar. Total YF A concentration was higher in cattle fed PKC·S. Effective OM and OM degradabilities were lower in animals fed PKC-S. but degradatIOn rates were similar. PKC-E contained more soluble fractions than PKC-S. CP of PKC-S was more soluble. but its effective degradability and degradation rate were similar to that of PKC-E. The study on the effects of formaldehyde treatments on CP degradability of both types of PKC showed that CP degradability decreased with increasing levels of formaldehyde. Acid-pepsin digestibility showed no difference in CP digestibility among untreated and formaldehyde-treated PKC up to 2.5g/l OOg CP. The study on the effects of PKC and formaldehyde treatment on the performance and nutrient utilization of cattle showed that feed intake was lower in cattle fed PKC-E, but growth rates and feed per gain ratios did not differ from those fed PKC-S. Formaldehyde-treated (2g/100g CP) PKC gave poorer growth rates and feed conversion ratios when compared to untreated PKC. Types of PKC and formaldehyde treatment did not affect the nutrient digestibility. but PKC-E gave lower N retention. Formaldehyde had no effect on N retention. In the final study, lambs fed PKC + 15% grass showed improvement in intakes and growth rates. Urea at either 0.5 or 1.0%. had no effect on feed intakes and feed conversion ratios. However. growth rates of lambs fed PKC + 0.5% urea were higher compared to other groups. Lambs fed PKC plus 15% grass and 0.5% urea had the highest intake and growth rate. Carcass traits were not affected by urea but grass supplementation reduced dressing percent and kidney fat of lambs Ruminant - Feeding and feeds Palm products 2000-03 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7951/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7951/1/IB_2000_3.pdf text en public doctoral Universiti Putra Malaysia Ruminant - Feeding and feeds Palm products Institute of Bioscience Syed Salim, Syed Jalaludin English
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
advisor	Syed Salim, Syed Jalaludin
topic	Ruminant - Feeding and feeds Palm products
spellingShingle	Ruminant - Feeding and feeds Palm products Chinajariyawong, Charurat Studies on the Improvement of the Nutritive Value and Utilization of Palm Kernel Cake as a Feed Resource for Ruminants
description	Utilization of palm kernel cake (PKC) as the principal feed for ruminants was investigated in four studies. The study on the nutritive value showed that PKC·solvent extracted (PKC·S) and PKC·expeller pressed (PKC·E) contained similar amounts of OM, CP, CF and ADL. PKC·E had higher OM. EE and GE but lower NFE, NDF. ADF and shell contents. Amounts of Ca. P. Cu and Zn were similar in both types ofPKC, but Na was higher and Mg was lower in PKCS. Ruminal pH. NH3-N concentration. molar proportions of YF A and passage rates of liquid and small digesta particles in cattle fed either PKC·S or PKC·E were similar. Total YF A concentration was higher in cattle fed PKC·S. Effective OM and OM degradabilities were lower in animals fed PKC-S. but degradatIOn rates were similar. PKC-E contained more soluble fractions than PKC-S. CP of PKC-S was more soluble. but its effective degradability and degradation rate were similar to that of PKC-E. The study on the effects of formaldehyde treatments on CP degradability of both types of PKC showed that CP degradability decreased with increasing levels of formaldehyde. Acid-pepsin digestibility showed no difference in CP digestibility among untreated and formaldehyde-treated PKC up to 2.5g/l OOg CP. The study on the effects of PKC and formaldehyde treatment on the performance and nutrient utilization of cattle showed that feed intake was lower in cattle fed PKC-E, but growth rates and feed per gain ratios did not differ from those fed PKC-S. Formaldehyde-treated (2g/100g CP) PKC gave poorer growth rates and feed conversion ratios when compared to untreated PKC. Types of PKC and formaldehyde treatment did not affect the nutrient digestibility. but PKC-E gave lower N retention. Formaldehyde had no effect on N retention. In the final study, lambs fed PKC + 15% grass showed improvement in intakes and growth rates. Urea at either 0.5 or 1.0%. had no effect on feed intakes and feed conversion ratios. However. growth rates of lambs fed PKC + 0.5% urea were higher compared to other groups. Lambs fed PKC plus 15% grass and 0.5% urea had the highest intake and growth rate. Carcass traits were not affected by urea but grass supplementation reduced dressing percent and kidney fat of lambs
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Chinajariyawong, Charurat
author_facet	Chinajariyawong, Charurat
author_sort	Chinajariyawong, Charurat
title	Studies on the Improvement of the Nutritive Value and Utilization of Palm Kernel Cake as a Feed Resource for Ruminants
title_short	Studies on the Improvement of the Nutritive Value and Utilization of Palm Kernel Cake as a Feed Resource for Ruminants
title_full	Studies on the Improvement of the Nutritive Value and Utilization of Palm Kernel Cake as a Feed Resource for Ruminants
title_fullStr	Studies on the Improvement of the Nutritive Value and Utilization of Palm Kernel Cake as a Feed Resource for Ruminants
title_full_unstemmed	Studies on the Improvement of the Nutritive Value and Utilization of Palm Kernel Cake as a Feed Resource for Ruminants
title_sort	studies on the improvement of the nutritive value and utilization of palm kernel cake as a feed resource for ruminants
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Institute of Bioscience
publishDate	2000
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7951/1/IB_2000_3.pdf
_version_	1794018701529317376

Studies on the Improvement of the Nutritive Value and Utilization of Palm Kernel Cake as a Feed Resource for Ruminants

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