Compliance With Fisheries Regulations in the Persian Gulf, Islamic Republic of Iran
Noncompliance behaviour of Iranian fishers with the fisheries regulations in the Persian Gulf is examined in this study. A formal theoretical model and analytical framework that was useful in the understanding of compliance behaviour of individuals with fisheries regulations are developed. By usi...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2002
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/8308/1/FEP_2002_5_IR.pdf |
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| Summary: | Noncompliance behaviour of Iranian fishers with the fisheries regulations in the
Persian Gulf is examined in this study. A formal theoretical model and analytical
framework that was useful in the understanding of compliance behaviour of
individuals with fisheries regulations are developed. By using a standard
questionnaire and a stratified random sampling method, a total of 566 fishermen
from three Iranian provinces located on the coast of the Persian Gulf were
interviewed. The factors include deterrence, moral, social influences and legitimacy
variables that can explain the observed noncompliance with zoning regulation for
shrimp fishery were examined. A Probit and Logit econometric techniques were
used to estimate the violation decision by Iranian fishermen in the study area while
the Tobit model was used to estimate the total number of fishing days in Shrimp
Fishing Zone (SFZ). The model was classified into two types: the basic and the
extended model. In general, the Probit estimation technique perfonns better than the Tobit technique. The Probit model exogenous probability variables however gives
better results than the Probit model using raw probabilities.
The results indicated that deterrence, moral, and legitimacy factors determined the
violation decision of individual fishers to fish in the prohibited zone. The social
influence factor (PERTVIOL) was only significant in the Bushehr province. The
results also indicate that the deterrence variables, moral development, and
legitimacy factor are more important than the social influence factor in explaining
the compliance behaviour in the study area.
From the economic perspective, moral development and legitimacy variables can
complement the efficiency goal in any enforcement program by reducing the need
for large expenditures on enforcement inputs to secure compliance. The results
showed that using exogenous variables directly in the extended model to explain the
violation decision in the individual provinces provide a good result for provinces of
Khuzestan and Busbehr. The number of Fishing days (DAY) appears to play a very
important role in explaining the violation decision of fishermen in the Khuzestan
and Busbehr provinces. The other important variables are the horsepower of
fishermen boats (POWER), the morality variable (MeODE), and number of times
that fishermen have seen the enforcement personnel at the sea (FBOATNO). The
legitimacy variables also have considerable role in explaining compliance behaviour
in the cases of Khuzestan and Busbehr provinces.
Although the overall probability of detection and conviction (OVEPROB) variable
was significant with an unexpected sign, the exogenous variables of probability of detection and conviction came out significant in most the regressions runs with
expected signs. It cannot be denied that it plays a very important role than the other
(such as moral obligation and legitimacy) variables in securing compliance. Thus,
enforcement resources should be utilized together with positive reinforcement of the
normative variables. Nevertheless, enforcement inputs wi)) have a deterrence effect
on the violators and other fishermen thus reducing the overall violation rate. The
capacity of enforcement resources in the Persian Gulf area is limited. There is need
to reestablish the enforcement institutions and resources. The government should
therefore pay attention to enhancing enforcement resources in the area of study to
deter violators. |
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