Quantitative genetics analysis and progeny testing of Deli dura × Serdang-AVROS pisifera for long stalk characteristic
The oil palm plantations are a labour-intensive industry and to reduce dependency on labour, work process improvement by adopting technologies and machines need to be done. However, there are no harvesting machine that is as cost effective, efficient and dependable as the h...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/84018/1/FP%202019%2049%20-%20ir.pdf |
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| Summary: | The oil palm plantations are a labour-intensive industry and to reduce
dependency on labour, work process improvement by adopting technologies and machines need to be
done. However, there are no harvesting machine that is as cost effective, efficient and dependable
as the human harvester. Longer bunch stalk was believed to ease harvesting the fresh fruit
bunch (FFB) either by machine or by manual. It eases the harvesting process as there
are gaps between the bunch and the petiole bases. A total of nine oil palm Deli dura ×
Serdang-AVROS pisifera (D×P) derived from the North Carolina Mating Design 1 (NCM1) were evaluated
at Dusun Durian Estate, Banting, Selangor. The Deli dura in this study originated from Banting dura
and were crossed with Serdang- AVROS pisifera. The materials were evaluated for yield and yield
components, bunch quality, vegetative traits and bunch stalk length. The data were collected from
April 2009 to March 2018. The main objective of this study was to identify bunch stalk length of
more than 25 cm in Deli dura × Serdang-AVROS pisifera progeny and Serdang-AVROS pisifera male
parent to be commercialized and used as planting material. The specific objectives of the study
were to evaluate the performance of Deli dura × Serdang-AVROS pisifera progenies for yield and
yield components, bunch quality, vegetative traits and bunch stalk length, to evaluate
general combining ability (GCA) of parents for stalk length trait through progeny testing, to
estimate genetic variability and heritability, to assess correlation between stalk length
with traits of economic importance and to analyse path coefficient analysis between all
the traits studied with oil yield. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) in full-sib families showed
that significant amount of genetic variability exists among Deli dura × Serdang-AVROS
pisifera progenies yield and yield components, bunch quality, vegetative traits and bunch stalk
length. The genetic variability is important for a successful breeding and selection. The yield
and bunch quality performance of Deli dura × Serdang- AVROS pisifera progenies were
comparable with Deli dura × AVROS pisifera planted in the same trial as control. ANOVA showed that
the Pisifera item in the half-sib families was significant to almost all traits except
mean fruit weight (MFW), oil-to-dry mesocarp (%O/DM) and oil-to-wet mesocarp (%O/WM). The result was expected as male
parents are coming from the combination of two male populations; Serdang and AVROS. Mean stalk
length of the nine progenies studied were ranged from 20.66 to 26.93 cm. Progeny BM 4340, BM 4344
and BM 4351 had bunch stalk length means of more than 25 cm. From 445 palms measured, 42 individual
palms had bunch stalk length more than 30 cm. Broad- sense heritability estimates for average bunch
weight, mesocarp-to-fruit (%M/F), shell-to-fruit (%S/F), kernel-to-fruit (%K/F), kernel-to-bunch
(%K/B), rachis length and stalk length were moderate in Deli dura × Serdang-AVROS
pisifera, suggesting greater genetic control and small environmental influence. Low
narrow-sense heritability estimates were observed in yield and yield components
with h² of 0-8.28% and h² of 0.53-41.67%. Narrow-sense heritability
n(p) n(d)
estimates for bunch quality were also low with h² of 0-45.94% and h² of
n(p) n(d)
1.68-24.34%. Higher narrow-sense heritability estimates were observed in vegetative traits
for dura or maternal side with h² of 31.77-101.06%.
n(d)
Correlation between bunch stalk length and all traits were also observed in this study. Bunch
stalk length correlated positively with average bunch weight, mesocarp-to-fruit and rachis
length. The study suggested that, selecting for long stalk length will resulting in heavier bunch,
thicker mesocarp and longer rachis length. This study has identified male parent, BM 2436/9 as the
best Serdang- AVROS pisifera with high GCA for fresh fruit bunch yield, bunch number,
average bunch weight, mesocarp-to-fruit (%M/F), oil-to-bunch (%O/B), oil yield per palm (O/P) and
oil per hectares (O/Ha). The pisifera, BM2455/7 was the best
general combiner for palm height and stalk length. |
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