Characterization of low velocity impact damage of gamma-irradiated kevlar/oil palm empty fruit bunch hybrid composites

Malaysia, the second world largest exporter of palm oil has generated abundance of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) waste. The oil palm EFB has the potential as the reinforcement in composites for energy absorption applications. In this work, the oil palm EFB were hybr...

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Main Author:	Muhammad Amir, Siti Madiha
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	Composite materials
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/84375/1/FK%202019%20135%20-%20ir.pdf
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spelling	my-upm-ir.843752022-01-04T00:54:17Z Characterization of low velocity impact damage of gamma-irradiated kevlar/oil palm empty fruit bunch hybrid composites 2019-05 Muhammad Amir, Siti Madiha Malaysia, the second world largest exporter of palm oil has generated abundance of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) waste. The oil palm EFB has the potential as the reinforcement in composites for energy absorption applications. In this work, the oil palm EFB were hybridized with Kevlar fabric using hand lay-up technique with different layering patterns. The composites were exposed to gamma radiation dose, i.e. 25 kGy, 50 kGy and 150 kGy. Material characterization were carried out to evaluate the effects of radiation on its mechanical and physical properties of the materials. Low velocity impact and compression after impact tests were performed in this study. Damage propagation were observed using Ultrasonic C-Scan, Computed Thermography and Acoustic Emission methods. The tensile and flexural showed that hybrid composites were 48% and 45% respectively higher in hybrid composites with Kevlar as the skin. The compressive strength was 69% for hybrid composites with oil palm EFB as the skin. The optimum dose for tensile was at 25 kGy and 50 kGy for flexural and compression. At 150 kGy, the degradation of mechanical properties were observed. The density of hybrid composites for Kevlar as the skin was 0.89 g/cm³. Irradiated composites were observed to have lower water absorption capacity. The impact resistance of the irradiated Kevlar/oil palm EFB hybrid composites was up to 35 J. In damage detection, the images from ultrasonic-C-Scan method did not reflect the actual images observed. Computed tomography and acoustic emission complemented each other in detecting the matrix cracking, delamination and fibre breakage damages in the hybrid composites. From the compression after impact test, it was observed that the compressive residual strength was decreased when the impact energy increased. The optimum radiation dose to withstand the compressive residual strength for 35 J was at 50 kGy. The newly developed hybrid Kevlar/oil palm EFB composites have the potential to be used in energy absorption applications and exposure to gamma radiation is one of the methods to improve its mechanical strength of the hybrid materials for monotonic loading applications. Composite materials 2019-05 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/84375/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/84375/1/FK%202019%20135%20-%20ir.pdf text en public doctoral Universiti Putra Malaysia Composite materials Hameed Sultan, Mohamed Thariq
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Hameed Sultan, Mohamed Thariq
topic	Composite materials
spellingShingle	Composite materials Muhammad Amir, Siti Madiha Characterization of low velocity impact damage of gamma-irradiated kevlar/oil palm empty fruit bunch hybrid composites
description	Malaysia, the second world largest exporter of palm oil has generated abundance of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) waste. The oil palm EFB has the potential as the reinforcement in composites for energy absorption applications. In this work, the oil palm EFB were hybridized with Kevlar fabric using hand lay-up technique with different layering patterns. The composites were exposed to gamma radiation dose, i.e. 25 kGy, 50 kGy and 150 kGy. Material characterization were carried out to evaluate the effects of radiation on its mechanical and physical properties of the materials. Low velocity impact and compression after impact tests were performed in this study. Damage propagation were observed using Ultrasonic C-Scan, Computed Thermography and Acoustic Emission methods. The tensile and flexural showed that hybrid composites were 48% and 45% respectively higher in hybrid composites with Kevlar as the skin. The compressive strength was 69% for hybrid composites with oil palm EFB as the skin. The optimum dose for tensile was at 25 kGy and 50 kGy for flexural and compression. At 150 kGy, the degradation of mechanical properties were observed. The density of hybrid composites for Kevlar as the skin was 0.89 g/cm³. Irradiated composites were observed to have lower water absorption capacity. The impact resistance of the irradiated Kevlar/oil palm EFB hybrid composites was up to 35 J. In damage detection, the images from ultrasonic-C-Scan method did not reflect the actual images observed. Computed tomography and acoustic emission complemented each other in detecting the matrix cracking, delamination and fibre breakage damages in the hybrid composites. From the compression after impact test, it was observed that the compressive residual strength was decreased when the impact energy increased. The optimum radiation dose to withstand the compressive residual strength for 35 J was at 50 kGy. The newly developed hybrid Kevlar/oil palm EFB composites have the potential to be used in energy absorption applications and exposure to gamma radiation is one of the methods to improve its mechanical strength of the hybrid materials for monotonic loading applications.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Muhammad Amir, Siti Madiha
author_facet	Muhammad Amir, Siti Madiha
author_sort	Muhammad Amir, Siti Madiha
title	Characterization of low velocity impact damage of gamma-irradiated kevlar/oil palm empty fruit bunch hybrid composites
title_short	Characterization of low velocity impact damage of gamma-irradiated kevlar/oil palm empty fruit bunch hybrid composites
title_full	Characterization of low velocity impact damage of gamma-irradiated kevlar/oil palm empty fruit bunch hybrid composites
title_fullStr	Characterization of low velocity impact damage of gamma-irradiated kevlar/oil palm empty fruit bunch hybrid composites
title_full_unstemmed	Characterization of low velocity impact damage of gamma-irradiated kevlar/oil palm empty fruit bunch hybrid composites
title_sort	characterization of low velocity impact damage of gamma-irradiated kevlar/oil palm empty fruit bunch hybrid composites
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2019
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/84375/1/FK%202019%20135%20-%20ir.pdf
_version_	1747813465957859328

Characterization of low velocity impact damage of gamma-irradiated kevlar/oil palm empty fruit bunch hybrid composites

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