Composting of Selected Organic Sludges Using Rotary Drum and Windrow System

Various organic sludges were composted by using rotary drum system and windrow system. In this research i.e. palm oil mill effluent (POME), food factory, sewage and leachate were composted with shredded wood and sawdust as bulking agents with a ratio of 3:1. The rotary drum used was modified from...

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Main Author:	Baharum, Zainal
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2002
Subjects:	Organic wastes. Compost.
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/8496/1/FSMB_2002_31_IR.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.8496
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spelling	my-upm-ir.84962024-01-29T02:28:54Z Composting of Selected Organic Sludges Using Rotary Drum and Windrow System 2002-12 Baharum, Zainal Various organic sludges were composted by using rotary drum system and windrow system. In this research i.e. palm oil mill effluent (POME), food factory, sewage and leachate were composted with shredded wood and sawdust as bulking agents with a ratio of 3:1. The rotary drum used was modified from a 75Liter cement mixer with insulated drum. In composting of using windrow system, heap method was applied. In compo sting using rotary drum, fermentation process for sewage sludge, POME sludge, food factory sludge and leachate sludge took around 5, 5, 10 and 13 days respectively. The pH of the compost products was ranged from pH 6.0 to pH 8.0. The highest temperature was achieved around 60°C when heated air was supplied by heat gun. The moisture content profiles during compo sting was maintained around 50-70% moisture in the compost mass. The carbon content decreased and the nitrogen content increased towards the end of compo sting process, which resulted in the reduction of C/N ratio during compo sting process to below 20. The low C/N ratio of the final compost product was very important as the indicator of maturity. The compost substrates reduced around 50% based on wet weight basis at the end of the process. Overall, the composting for the whole process of organic sludges using rotary drum took around 30 to 35 days. Planting out test was performed with spinach, whereby the size of tree and colour of leaves were observed. The result showed that the best compost product was produced from sewage sludge compost. In compo sting using windrow system, two experiments were carried using 0.1% EM and 1.0% EM. The results observed from both experiments were almost similar. The difference was reflected in compost product from windrow system, which contained a higher number of total coliforms at around 10⁵- 10⁶ cfu/g because the temperature just increased to 37°C due to the small size of heap used. The whole compo sting process for windrow system only took around 30-35 days due to the high activity of EM during the compo sting process. The physicochemical and biological characteristics of these sludges were measured and can be applied in compo sting process. By using rotary drum and windrow system the products were improved based on nutrient contents and duration of compo sting process. Overall, the characteristics of the end products for both systems were similar and also complied with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standards. Organic wastes. Compost. 2002-12 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/8496/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/8496/1/FSMB_2002_31_IR.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Organic wastes. Compost. Food Science and Technology Hassan, Mohd Ali English
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English English
advisor	Hassan, Mohd Ali
topic	Organic wastes. Compost.
spellingShingle	Organic wastes. Compost. Baharum, Zainal Composting of Selected Organic Sludges Using Rotary Drum and Windrow System
description	Various organic sludges were composted by using rotary drum system and windrow system. In this research i.e. palm oil mill effluent (POME), food factory, sewage and leachate were composted with shredded wood and sawdust as bulking agents with a ratio of 3:1. The rotary drum used was modified from a 75Liter cement mixer with insulated drum. In composting of using windrow system, heap method was applied. In compo sting using rotary drum, fermentation process for sewage sludge, POME sludge, food factory sludge and leachate sludge took around 5, 5, 10 and 13 days respectively. The pH of the compost products was ranged from pH 6.0 to pH 8.0. The highest temperature was achieved around 60°C when heated air was supplied by heat gun. The moisture content profiles during compo sting was maintained around 50-70% moisture in the compost mass. The carbon content decreased and the nitrogen content increased towards the end of compo sting process, which resulted in the reduction of C/N ratio during compo sting process to below 20. The low C/N ratio of the final compost product was very important as the indicator of maturity. The compost substrates reduced around 50% based on wet weight basis at the end of the process. Overall, the composting for the whole process of organic sludges using rotary drum took around 30 to 35 days. Planting out test was performed with spinach, whereby the size of tree and colour of leaves were observed. The result showed that the best compost product was produced from sewage sludge compost. In compo sting using windrow system, two experiments were carried using 0.1% EM and 1.0% EM. The results observed from both experiments were almost similar. The difference was reflected in compost product from windrow system, which contained a higher number of total coliforms at around 10⁵- 10⁶ cfu/g because the temperature just increased to 37°C due to the small size of heap used. The whole compo sting process for windrow system only took around 30-35 days due to the high activity of EM during the compo sting process. The physicochemical and biological characteristics of these sludges were measured and can be applied in compo sting process. By using rotary drum and windrow system the products were improved based on nutrient contents and duration of compo sting process. Overall, the characteristics of the end products for both systems were similar and also complied with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standards.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Baharum, Zainal
author_facet	Baharum, Zainal
author_sort	Baharum, Zainal
title	Composting of Selected Organic Sludges Using Rotary Drum and Windrow System
title_short	Composting of Selected Organic Sludges Using Rotary Drum and Windrow System
title_full	Composting of Selected Organic Sludges Using Rotary Drum and Windrow System
title_fullStr	Composting of Selected Organic Sludges Using Rotary Drum and Windrow System
title_full_unstemmed	Composting of Selected Organic Sludges Using Rotary Drum and Windrow System
title_sort	composting of selected organic sludges using rotary drum and windrow system
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Food Science and Technology
publishDate	2002
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/8496/1/FSMB_2002_31_IR.pdf
_version_	1794018760685780992

Composting of Selected Organic Sludges Using Rotary Drum and Windrow System

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