Modeling of fire in school building using computational fluid dynamics and development of evacuation time equation in Putrajaya, Malaysia

School’s building fire had claimed many injuries, death and damage properties. While experimental on large scale fire to analyse the fire behaviour is impossible, the unknown fire pattern in a building and the students’ evacuation performance made the situation worst. In the firs...

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Main Author:	Nasruddin, Hairul Nazmin
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	Hydrodynamics Fires - prevention & control Biomedical Engineering
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90060/1/FPSK%28p%29%202019%2042%20-%20ir.pdf
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spelling	my-upm-ir.900602021-12-02T07:36:42Z Modeling of fire in school building using computational fluid dynamics and development of evacuation time equation in Putrajaya, Malaysia 2019-08 Nasruddin, Hairul Nazmin School’s building fire had claimed many injuries, death and damage properties. While experimental on large scale fire to analyse the fire behaviour is impossible, the unknown fire pattern in a building and the students’ evacuation performance made the situation worst. In the first objective, the fire prediction and simulation in the school’s building was done by using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) approach through Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) program. The model inputs were generated by using the interface program called Pyrosim. The subsequent objective is to develop a validated knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) questionnaire and to develop the numerical formula for individual evacuation time estimation based on KAP, human characteristics, and travel distances. In CFD, the school model was constructed following the actual building specifications as in building floor plans and direct measurement. The four fire effluents (oxygen, carbon monoxide, temperature, and visibility) were studied for 250kW/m² and 2500kW/m² fire started in the classroom and laboratory. Relevant literatures were used to develop the KAP questionnaire and the validation was done through Content Validity test involving 11 experts. The totals of 290 secondary students were involved in the study. Every student’s evacuation time was obtained through direct calculation during the fire drill. The KAP questionnaires have been distributed among the students to obtain the personal details and to test their KAP level. The relationship between the calculated evacuation time and the respected three components are done by using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) to generate estimation formula. The first objective was achieved through prediction of fire patterns in the school building in respect to four fire effluents. In the subsequent objective, a validated KAP questionnaire was constructed consists of 9 questions for knowledge assessment and 13 and seven questions for attitude and practice respectively. The development of formula estimating the individual evacuation time indicates the achievement of the last objective. The developed formula was integrated with the mobility factors to make it practicable in various circumstances. The study findings’ has revealed the potential fire risks and the factors contributing to students’ performance at school when dealing with fire. The predicted consequences of fire disaster are varied depending on the fire situation and students’ criteria. It is recommended that the related stakeholders to consider the building and students’ factors in decision making especially in the allocation of student’s classrooms. In conclusion, the study has developed a model to predict the fire behaviour at school. Subsequently, a numerical model was established to predict the individual evacuation time. Hydrodynamics Fires - prevention & control Biomedical Engineering 2019-08 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90060/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90060/1/FPSK%28p%29%202019%2042%20-%20ir.pdf text en public doctoral Universiti Putra Malaysia Hydrodynamics Fires - prevention & control Biomedical Engineering Baharudin, Mohd Rafee
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Baharudin, Mohd Rafee
topic	Hydrodynamics Fires - prevention & control Biomedical Engineering
spellingShingle	Hydrodynamics Fires - prevention & control Biomedical Engineering Nasruddin, Hairul Nazmin Modeling of fire in school building using computational fluid dynamics and development of evacuation time equation in Putrajaya, Malaysia
description	School’s building fire had claimed many injuries, death and damage properties. While experimental on large scale fire to analyse the fire behaviour is impossible, the unknown fire pattern in a building and the students’ evacuation performance made the situation worst. In the first objective, the fire prediction and simulation in the school’s building was done by using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) approach through Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) program. The model inputs were generated by using the interface program called Pyrosim. The subsequent objective is to develop a validated knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) questionnaire and to develop the numerical formula for individual evacuation time estimation based on KAP, human characteristics, and travel distances. In CFD, the school model was constructed following the actual building specifications as in building floor plans and direct measurement. The four fire effluents (oxygen, carbon monoxide, temperature, and visibility) were studied for 250kW/m² and 2500kW/m² fire started in the classroom and laboratory. Relevant literatures were used to develop the KAP questionnaire and the validation was done through Content Validity test involving 11 experts. The totals of 290 secondary students were involved in the study. Every student’s evacuation time was obtained through direct calculation during the fire drill. The KAP questionnaires have been distributed among the students to obtain the personal details and to test their KAP level. The relationship between the calculated evacuation time and the respected three components are done by using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) to generate estimation formula. The first objective was achieved through prediction of fire patterns in the school building in respect to four fire effluents. In the subsequent objective, a validated KAP questionnaire was constructed consists of 9 questions for knowledge assessment and 13 and seven questions for attitude and practice respectively. The development of formula estimating the individual evacuation time indicates the achievement of the last objective. The developed formula was integrated with the mobility factors to make it practicable in various circumstances. The study findings’ has revealed the potential fire risks and the factors contributing to students’ performance at school when dealing with fire. The predicted consequences of fire disaster are varied depending on the fire situation and students’ criteria. It is recommended that the related stakeholders to consider the building and students’ factors in decision making especially in the allocation of student’s classrooms. In conclusion, the study has developed a model to predict the fire behaviour at school. Subsequently, a numerical model was established to predict the individual evacuation time.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Nasruddin, Hairul Nazmin
author_facet	Nasruddin, Hairul Nazmin
author_sort	Nasruddin, Hairul Nazmin
title	Modeling of fire in school building using computational fluid dynamics and development of evacuation time equation in Putrajaya, Malaysia
title_short	Modeling of fire in school building using computational fluid dynamics and development of evacuation time equation in Putrajaya, Malaysia
title_full	Modeling of fire in school building using computational fluid dynamics and development of evacuation time equation in Putrajaya, Malaysia
title_fullStr	Modeling of fire in school building using computational fluid dynamics and development of evacuation time equation in Putrajaya, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Modeling of fire in school building using computational fluid dynamics and development of evacuation time equation in Putrajaya, Malaysia
title_sort	modeling of fire in school building using computational fluid dynamics and development of evacuation time equation in putrajaya, malaysia
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2019
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90060/1/FPSK%28p%29%202019%2042%20-%20ir.pdf
_version_	1747813606504792064

Modeling of fire in school building using computational fluid dynamics and development of evacuation time equation in Putrajaya, Malaysia

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