Phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. F.) lindau plant parts affected by precooling and storage
Harvesting time is a critical factor affecting yield, phytochemical content, physiological and morphological traits of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. F.) or ‘belalai gajah’ while the quantity and quality of phytochemicals and antimicrobials vary in different parts of the plant. This study investigate...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2017
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90115/1/FP%202019%2068%20ir.pdf |
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| Summary: | Harvesting time is a critical factor affecting yield, phytochemical content,
physiological and morphological traits of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. F.) or ‘belalai
gajah’ while the quantity and quality of phytochemicals and antimicrobials vary in
different parts of the plant. This study investigated the effects of C. nutans vegetative
stage and plant parts on bioactive compounds and phytonutrient retentions, the effects
of precooling treatment and storage duration on the quality and phytochemicals of C.
nutans, the potential use of the vegetative stage and plant part of C. nutans in
phytomedicinal preparations using multivariate analysis, and the effect of precooling
methods and storage duration on C. nutans with bioactivity correlation. Three-months
old C. nutans plants were harvested at young and mature stages, top of the plants for
young leaves and stems, bottom parts for mature leaves and stems. The cleaned
samples were stored at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days, and evaluated for moisture and chlorophyll
contents, colour, microbial contamination, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant
activities. Chlorophyll content of young parts especially of leaves was found to be the
highest compared to other parts. For colour, young plant parts were brighter compared
to the mature plant parts. TPC, TFC, DPPH scavenging activity and FRAP of young
leaves were higher as compared to other parts. Bioactive compounds (vitexin,
isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin and shaftoside) of young leaves were significantly
higher compared to all vegetative stages. Although C. nutans extracts showed no
differences in disc diffusion test against Escherichia coli, Bacillus pumilus and
Bacillus cereus, the MIC and MBC were stronger in young parts compared to others.
Moisture and chlorophyll contents were affected by interaction between precooling
(10 ºC for 10 minutes) and storage duration (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days), with a quadratic
decrease in throughout storage. Total phenolic content and ferric reducing antioxidant
power had negative and quadratic relationships throughout storage duration. Vitexin
was affected by interaction between precooling and storage duration. Isovitexin was
only affected by precooling and storage duration. Microbial contamination by E. coli, B. pumilus and B. cereus linearly increased during storage. However, hydrocooling
exhibited highly positive effects in most of the parameters compared to the ice cooling
and control. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) in combination with multivariate
data analysis PCA and OPLS-DA demonstrated that young vegetative parts of C.
nutans contained higher methyl sulphur compound while mature leaves showed higher
methyl sulphur compound except cyclocinacoside A and cyclocinacoside A1. 1H
NMR and multivariate analysis with ANOVA and regression of clustered metabolites
changes upon precooling and storage showed that hydrocooled extracts gave higher
metabolites (shaftoside, isoorientin, clinacoside B and citric acid) compared to other
treatments. In conclusion, C. nutans young vegetative plant parts contained maximum
bioactive compounds and phytochemical contents. Leaves contained higher bioactive
compounds, phytochemical contents, and antioxidant activity as compared to stems.
Hydrocooling was the best precooling method for two days optimum storage duration. |
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