Ground fuel characteristics of burnt peat in Raja Musa Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia
Peat swamp forest in Malaysia is an important ecosystem that acts as flood mitigation, climate change mitigation, and carbon storage. Nowadays, peat having an issues especially on fire. The study of burnt peat characteristics were still insufficient, thus, the study on burnt and unburnt peat in R...
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2016
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Universiti Putra Malaysia |
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English |
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Nuruddin, Ahmad Ainuddin |
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Peat Fuel |
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Peat Fuel Musa, Dayang Nur Sakinah Ground fuel characteristics of burnt peat in Raja Musa Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia |
| description |
Peat swamp forest in Malaysia is an important ecosystem that acts as flood
mitigation, climate change mitigation, and carbon storage. Nowadays, peat having
an issues especially on fire. The study of burnt peat characteristics were still
insufficient, thus, the study on burnt and unburnt peat in Raja Musa Forest Reserve
(RMFR) were done. Additionally, the seasonal influence between dry and wet
season also examined in this study, as well as the peat depth impacts on the
RMFR peat. With these information, the fuel characteristic (physical, chemical,
thermal ad burning properties) can be determined in comparison with the type of
peat, seasonal affect and also influenced of peat depth in RMFR. Peat samples
were collected in compartment 99 for burnt area, and compartment 1 for unburnt
area. The peat samples of dry season from both areas were obtained in February,
2014, and the wet season in May, 2014.These samples were collected using an
auger at four layers of peat, i.e., at the surface, and below ground of 0.5m, 1.0m
and 1.5m depths. The physical properties includes bulk density, moisture content,
and LOI which indicates the organic matter of peat. Bulk density indicates the
compaction of the peat, the findings shows highest bulk density in burnt peat of
dry season with 0.35 g/cm3 (at 1.0m), and lowest on the surface of unburnt peat
during dry season with 0.27 g/cm3. The bulk density shows no significant
differences among the depths, peat types, and seasons. The moisture content
shows significant difference between peat types, wherein burnt peat was higher in
moisture content compared to unburnt peat with 712.45% in burnt peat, and
498.16% in unburnt peat. Similar to moisture content, LOI shows Significantly
different between burnt and unburnt peat, where burnt shows higher organic
matter with 29.31 %, and lower in unburnt peat with 18.06%. Moreover, LOI shows
significantly different amongst the depths of burnt peat where 1.5m depth shows
the highest organic matter with 26.50%. For chemical properties, pH values
indicates the acidity of the peat, and the results shows high significant difference between the season, wherein wet season (4.69) shows less acidic compared to
dry season (4.19). Similarly to pH values, CEC shows significant difference
between season, where wet seasons (106.39cmol/kg) higher in CEC and lower in
dry season (49.14 cmol/kg). CEC also shows significantly different between peat
types, where unburnt shows higher CEC with 89.87 cmollkg, and lower in burnt
peat with 65.65 cmol/kg. The total carbon content in RMFR shows significant
difference amongst the depths in burnt peat where it increasing down the depth
with 31.77% (surface), 42.61% (0.5m), 45.06% (1.0m), 47.32% (1.5m). Besides,
the total N content shows significant difference between peats types, wherein
unburnt peat (1.33%) higher in N content compared to bumt peat (1.02%). The
total N content also shows significantly difference amongst the depth, where it
reducing down the depth with 1.62 (surface), 1.26 (O.5m), 1.23 (1.0m), and 1.21
(1.5m). Total P content shows significantly difference between burnt and unburnt
peat, where the burnt peat (0.06%) was higher in total P content compared to
unburnt peat (0.03%). Moreover, total P content shows significantly different
amongst the depths in burnt and unburnt peat, where it reducing down the depth.
Burnt peat shows 0.11% (Surface), 0.05% (0.5m), 0.04% (1.0m), and 0.04%
(1.5m); unburnt peat shows 0.05% (Surface), 0.03% (0.5m), 0.03% (1.0m), 0.02%
(1.5m). The extractable K amount shows highly significant difference between
seasons and peat types, wherein dry season (142.39I-1g/g) was higher in K amount
compared to wet season (80.02 I-Ig/g), and burnt peat (138.02 I-Ig/g) was higher
than unburnt peat (84.39 I-Ig/g). Extractable K amount shows significantly different
among the depths in unburnt peat where it reducing down the depths 204.46 1-19/g
(surface), 50.71 1-19/g (0.5m), 45.99 1-19/g (1.Om), and 36.41 1-19/g (1.5m). Similar to
K, the extractable Ca amount shows significantly higher in dry season (845.75
1-19/g), compared to wet season (106.41 1-19/g); and the Ca amount were
significantly different, in where burnt peat were higher in Ca amount with 819.22
1-19/g, compared to unburnt peat with 132.94 I-Ig/g. The extractable Mg amount also
shows significantly different between seasons, wherein dry season (263.41 I-Ig/g)
was higher in Mg amount compared to wet season (56.20 I-Ig/g). Moreover,
extractable amount of Na shows significant difference between peat types
wherein, the unburnt peat were significantly higher in Na amount compared to
burnt peat with 140.64 1-19/g and 55.92 1-19/g, respectively. For the thermal
properties, TGA and DSC analyses for dry and wet season indicated that in burnt
peat, surface peat was more thermally stabled compared to the 1.5m depth,
however, in unburnt peat, the 1.5m depth. Burning properties shows significantly
different of burning time between the peat types, wherein the unburnt peat (173.38
minutes) took longer time to completely turn into ashes compared to burnt peat
(99.83 minutes). The burning time also shows Significantly different amongst the
depths where, 130.33 minutes (surface), 171.83 minutes (O.5m), 201.50 minutes
(1.0m), and 189.83 minutes (1.5m). In a conclusion, some of the characteristics
were significantly influenced by the type of peat, the season and different layers
of peat depth. For instance, the P content was higher in burnt peat than unburnt
peat, the pH was less acidic during wet season than in dry season, and N content
was higher at the surface and decreased down to below ground. |
| format |
Thesis |
| qualification_level |
Master's degree |
| author |
Musa, Dayang Nur Sakinah |
| author_facet |
Musa, Dayang Nur Sakinah |
| author_sort |
Musa, Dayang Nur Sakinah |
| title |
Ground fuel characteristics of burnt peat in Raja Musa Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_short |
Ground fuel characteristics of burnt peat in Raja Musa Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_full |
Ground fuel characteristics of burnt peat in Raja Musa Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_fullStr |
Ground fuel characteristics of burnt peat in Raja Musa Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Ground fuel characteristics of burnt peat in Raja Musa Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia |
| title_sort |
ground fuel characteristics of burnt peat in raja musa forest reserve, selangor, malaysia |
| granting_institution |
Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| url |
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/91439/1/FH%202016%2018%20-%20IR.pdf |
| _version_ |
1747813685883043840 |
| spelling |
my-upm-ir.914392021-12-15T08:03:00Z Ground fuel characteristics of burnt peat in Raja Musa Forest Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia 2016-03 Musa, Dayang Nur Sakinah Peat swamp forest in Malaysia is an important ecosystem that acts as flood mitigation, climate change mitigation, and carbon storage. Nowadays, peat having an issues especially on fire. The study of burnt peat characteristics were still insufficient, thus, the study on burnt and unburnt peat in Raja Musa Forest Reserve (RMFR) were done. Additionally, the seasonal influence between dry and wet season also examined in this study, as well as the peat depth impacts on the RMFR peat. With these information, the fuel characteristic (physical, chemical, thermal ad burning properties) can be determined in comparison with the type of peat, seasonal affect and also influenced of peat depth in RMFR. Peat samples were collected in compartment 99 for burnt area, and compartment 1 for unburnt area. The peat samples of dry season from both areas were obtained in February, 2014, and the wet season in May, 2014.These samples were collected using an auger at four layers of peat, i.e., at the surface, and below ground of 0.5m, 1.0m and 1.5m depths. The physical properties includes bulk density, moisture content, and LOI which indicates the organic matter of peat. Bulk density indicates the compaction of the peat, the findings shows highest bulk density in burnt peat of dry season with 0.35 g/cm3 (at 1.0m), and lowest on the surface of unburnt peat during dry season with 0.27 g/cm3. The bulk density shows no significant differences among the depths, peat types, and seasons. The moisture content shows significant difference between peat types, wherein burnt peat was higher in moisture content compared to unburnt peat with 712.45% in burnt peat, and 498.16% in unburnt peat. Similar to moisture content, LOI shows Significantly different between burnt and unburnt peat, where burnt shows higher organic matter with 29.31 %, and lower in unburnt peat with 18.06%. Moreover, LOI shows significantly different amongst the depths of burnt peat where 1.5m depth shows the highest organic matter with 26.50%. For chemical properties, pH values indicates the acidity of the peat, and the results shows high significant difference between the season, wherein wet season (4.69) shows less acidic compared to dry season (4.19). Similarly to pH values, CEC shows significant difference between season, where wet seasons (106.39cmol/kg) higher in CEC and lower in dry season (49.14 cmol/kg). CEC also shows significantly different between peat types, where unburnt shows higher CEC with 89.87 cmollkg, and lower in burnt peat with 65.65 cmol/kg. The total carbon content in RMFR shows significant difference amongst the depths in burnt peat where it increasing down the depth with 31.77% (surface), 42.61% (0.5m), 45.06% (1.0m), 47.32% (1.5m). Besides, the total N content shows significant difference between peats types, wherein unburnt peat (1.33%) higher in N content compared to bumt peat (1.02%). The total N content also shows significantly difference amongst the depth, where it reducing down the depth with 1.62 (surface), 1.26 (O.5m), 1.23 (1.0m), and 1.21 (1.5m). Total P content shows significantly difference between burnt and unburnt peat, where the burnt peat (0.06%) was higher in total P content compared to unburnt peat (0.03%). Moreover, total P content shows significantly different amongst the depths in burnt and unburnt peat, where it reducing down the depth. Burnt peat shows 0.11% (Surface), 0.05% (0.5m), 0.04% (1.0m), and 0.04% (1.5m); unburnt peat shows 0.05% (Surface), 0.03% (0.5m), 0.03% (1.0m), 0.02% (1.5m). The extractable K amount shows highly significant difference between seasons and peat types, wherein dry season (142.39I-1g/g) was higher in K amount compared to wet season (80.02 I-Ig/g), and burnt peat (138.02 I-Ig/g) was higher than unburnt peat (84.39 I-Ig/g). Extractable K amount shows significantly different among the depths in unburnt peat where it reducing down the depths 204.46 1-19/g (surface), 50.71 1-19/g (0.5m), 45.99 1-19/g (1.Om), and 36.41 1-19/g (1.5m). Similar to K, the extractable Ca amount shows significantly higher in dry season (845.75 1-19/g), compared to wet season (106.41 1-19/g); and the Ca amount were significantly different, in where burnt peat were higher in Ca amount with 819.22 1-19/g, compared to unburnt peat with 132.94 I-Ig/g. The extractable Mg amount also shows significantly different between seasons, wherein dry season (263.41 I-Ig/g) was higher in Mg amount compared to wet season (56.20 I-Ig/g). Moreover, extractable amount of Na shows significant difference between peat types wherein, the unburnt peat were significantly higher in Na amount compared to burnt peat with 140.64 1-19/g and 55.92 1-19/g, respectively. For the thermal properties, TGA and DSC analyses for dry and wet season indicated that in burnt peat, surface peat was more thermally stabled compared to the 1.5m depth, however, in unburnt peat, the 1.5m depth. Burning properties shows significantly different of burning time between the peat types, wherein the unburnt peat (173.38 minutes) took longer time to completely turn into ashes compared to burnt peat (99.83 minutes). The burning time also shows Significantly different amongst the depths where, 130.33 minutes (surface), 171.83 minutes (O.5m), 201.50 minutes (1.0m), and 189.83 minutes (1.5m). In a conclusion, some of the characteristics were significantly influenced by the type of peat, the season and different layers of peat depth. For instance, the P content was higher in burnt peat than unburnt peat, the pH was less acidic during wet season than in dry season, and N content was higher at the surface and decreased down to below ground. Peat Fuel 2016-03 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/91439/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/91439/1/FH%202016%2018%20-%20IR.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Peat Fuel Nuruddin, Ahmad Ainuddin |