Cultivation and Functional Properties Characterization of “Cendawan Busut” (Termitomyces sp.) Locally Isolated in Negeri Sembilan
Termitomyces heimii mushroom is seasonal in which they only grow during the rainy season, it is necessary to establish a proper cultivation method so that the valuable bioactive compound can be produced at any time. Termitomyces heimii RFES 230622 (THR2), a wild-termite mushroom that was isolated fr...
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my-usim-ddms-12476 |
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Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia |
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Termitomyces heimii submerged liquid fermentation polysaccharide antimicrobial antioxidant |
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Termitomyces heimii submerged liquid fermentation polysaccharide antimicrobial antioxidant Srivani Sellathoroe Cultivation and Functional Properties Characterization of “Cendawan Busut” (Termitomyces sp.) Locally Isolated in Negeri Sembilan |
| description |
Termitomyces heimii mushroom is seasonal in which they only grow during the rainy season, it is necessary to establish a proper cultivation method so that the valuable bioactive compound can be produced at any time. Termitomyces heimii RFES 230622 (THR2), a wild-termite mushroom that was isolated from Negeri Sembilan during the monsoon, was sequenced and found to be 99% identical to the Termitomyces heimii strain, which was further supported by the mushroom's evolutionary distance (Knuc). The stipe, which seems to be cylindrical, creamy in colour, stuffed with thick annulus, and growing in the comb of termite nest, is the observable morphological trait of THR2. The isolated mushrooms were employed in tissue culture to grow mycelium on modified agar medium, and it was found that the PDA + ME + YE combination produced thick, full-plate mycelium growth after 14 days of incubation. Fruiting bodies, mycelial biomass, and cultured broth of THR2 were used to make extracts for antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal analysis and determination of β-glucan polysaccharides. After 7 days of incubation, the THR2 mycelium was able to grow and generate polysaccharide in submerged liquid fermentation (SLF), with mycelial biomass of 8.55 g/L. Various extracts from fruiting bodies (ENS), mushroom mycelium (IPS), and culture broth were made (EPS). The THR2 fruiting bodies yield HW-ENS and CW-ENS, with corresponding polysaccharide contents of 3.20 g/L and 1.36 g/L, after hot-water and cold water extraction. Meanwhile, the hot-water extraction of mycelium produces IPS with 0.80 g/L and the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) obtained was 1.44 g/L. The polysaccharides were verified as β-glucan by FTIR spectra analysis. These β-glucan exhibits antimicrobial properties with highest response observed in the β-glucan extracted from fruiting bodies (HW-ENS) compared to the β-glucan extracted from the mycelium whereas there was no zone of inhibition against Aspergillus niger which means it does not exhibit antifungal properties. All of the THR2 extract was found to contain phytochemicals like flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. Total flavonoid content (TFC), which was determined using quercetin as the standard, ranged from 2.16 to 2.86 mg/g in each THR2 extract. However, the highest concentration of flavonoid content was found in HW-ENS which is 2.86 ± 0.15. Using the DPPH assay, the antioxidant activity of THR2 extracts was evaluated, and the IC50 value was calculated. All extracts had IC50 values that range from 4.44 mg/ml to 6.71 mg/ml. HW-ENS sample of THR2 extract shows the least IC50 value which is 4.44 mg/ml whereas EPS showed the highest IC50 value which is 6.71 mg/ml. Out of this four THR2 extracts HW-ENS can be considered as extract with high potential of antioxidant activity as the IC50 value was the lowest with high percentage of inhibition at 10 mg/ml which was 90.83% compared to the other extracts. |
| format |
Thesis |
| author |
Srivani Sellathoroe |
| author_facet |
Srivani Sellathoroe |
| author_sort |
Srivani Sellathoroe |
| title |
Cultivation and Functional Properties Characterization of “Cendawan Busut” (Termitomyces sp.) Locally Isolated in Negeri Sembilan |
| title_short |
Cultivation and Functional Properties Characterization of “Cendawan Busut” (Termitomyces sp.) Locally Isolated in Negeri Sembilan |
| title_full |
Cultivation and Functional Properties Characterization of “Cendawan Busut” (Termitomyces sp.) Locally Isolated in Negeri Sembilan |
| title_fullStr |
Cultivation and Functional Properties Characterization of “Cendawan Busut” (Termitomyces sp.) Locally Isolated in Negeri Sembilan |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Cultivation and Functional Properties Characterization of “Cendawan Busut” (Termitomyces sp.) Locally Isolated in Negeri Sembilan |
| title_sort |
cultivation and functional properties characterization of “cendawan busut” (termitomyces sp.) locally isolated in negeri sembilan |
| granting_institution |
Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia |
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my-usim-ddms-124762024-05-29T18:22:02Z Cultivation and Functional Properties Characterization of “Cendawan Busut” (Termitomyces sp.) Locally Isolated in Negeri Sembilan Srivani Sellathoroe Termitomyces heimii mushroom is seasonal in which they only grow during the rainy season, it is necessary to establish a proper cultivation method so that the valuable bioactive compound can be produced at any time. Termitomyces heimii RFES 230622 (THR2), a wild-termite mushroom that was isolated from Negeri Sembilan during the monsoon, was sequenced and found to be 99% identical to the Termitomyces heimii strain, which was further supported by the mushroom's evolutionary distance (Knuc). The stipe, which seems to be cylindrical, creamy in colour, stuffed with thick annulus, and growing in the comb of termite nest, is the observable morphological trait of THR2. The isolated mushrooms were employed in tissue culture to grow mycelium on modified agar medium, and it was found that the PDA + ME + YE combination produced thick, full-plate mycelium growth after 14 days of incubation. Fruiting bodies, mycelial biomass, and cultured broth of THR2 were used to make extracts for antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal analysis and determination of β-glucan polysaccharides. After 7 days of incubation, the THR2 mycelium was able to grow and generate polysaccharide in submerged liquid fermentation (SLF), with mycelial biomass of 8.55 g/L. Various extracts from fruiting bodies (ENS), mushroom mycelium (IPS), and culture broth were made (EPS). The THR2 fruiting bodies yield HW-ENS and CW-ENS, with corresponding polysaccharide contents of 3.20 g/L and 1.36 g/L, after hot-water and cold water extraction. Meanwhile, the hot-water extraction of mycelium produces IPS with 0.80 g/L and the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) obtained was 1.44 g/L. The polysaccharides were verified as β-glucan by FTIR spectra analysis. These β-glucan exhibits antimicrobial properties with highest response observed in the β-glucan extracted from fruiting bodies (HW-ENS) compared to the β-glucan extracted from the mycelium whereas there was no zone of inhibition against Aspergillus niger which means it does not exhibit antifungal properties. All of the THR2 extract was found to contain phytochemicals like flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. Total flavonoid content (TFC), which was determined using quercetin as the standard, ranged from 2.16 to 2.86 mg/g in each THR2 extract. However, the highest concentration of flavonoid content was found in HW-ENS which is 2.86 ± 0.15. Using the DPPH assay, the antioxidant activity of THR2 extracts was evaluated, and the IC50 value was calculated. All extracts had IC50 values that range from 4.44 mg/ml to 6.71 mg/ml. HW-ENS sample of THR2 extract shows the least IC50 value which is 4.44 mg/ml whereas EPS showed the highest IC50 value which is 6.71 mg/ml. Out of this four THR2 extracts HW-ENS can be considered as extract with high potential of antioxidant activity as the IC50 value was the lowest with high percentage of inhibition at 10 mg/ml which was 90.83% compared to the other extracts. Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia 2023-10 Thesis en_US https://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/12476 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/f48d69b1-14ad-4932-a629-6ac62fe622fa/download 25b304a53af89c5295275813a26768e1 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/7d2d76e4-07b7-44cf-af9c-fd00c0a39b84/download 41b6227b5776b86be70990f3d5f9164d https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/e36947ae-c020-42a7-bfcd-772db49d23c9/download 8308e7b2e4d53cf34b6a4bf9c5fd0172 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/b34f9888-7c2e-469a-a142-3789f8aefeeb/download cb947124e62dd535a904403a2d2e03b2 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/8dbde150-c486-4366-b9e6-9e2225ea5e7b/download 6c732ee2721796f504c63a3a0cbe45bf https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/e68d9d80-4bf0-48ed-9341-83f71f2f9052/download 23d871e7e7f2f8f8d3bfcda3f711de86 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/d3356343-2e1f-4ee5-acc4-4d6fa8a46a7a/download d66479b35fae261eedefd3ebfb9f4d3e https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/afe22860-4fc0-4fd9-b2f5-a25fb22e4de1/download 7ff7ce47b1f3c29490cf47150753dc00 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/7ea10662-e0ca-4155-a064-07a4547a00ef/download 8367e72a123d75f34bb413cbc9681815 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/a8550155-b017-40ec-a9cd-f2741ff04bca/download ffe1aabfc7c4045a6cc0a1e616502236 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/759d5dc9-96ee-4872-b976-4923aeccbcd1/download 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/9bdd689d-f8c2-4470-829e-f72b91fdf274/download 68b329da9893e34099c7d8ad5cb9c940 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/e5ef3848-e1f7-4dbe-9be3-dd93f6bc60f6/download a3f54e864e3eeb6973d677d6e0f4d1ed https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/1a30664d-6c43-4d38-9722-c4c9e1baddc3/download 7a767ee2c0236cc981f1c860873413c6 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/80474e35-4102-43ba-a137-0e3e2237bd11/download 70ed690730486a72908b59a4ac2dbf35 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/842455c8-68d9-4d25-a7a7-a85b3f9af9e3/download 8482e0aee157d921db9f4451cc5b0fa6 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/0c3dec5e-77a8-409d-973f-f40c2f16a585/download 1d0ba8488d634f84495150d8f25c25f0 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/c7d513e5-729d-404b-9832-507200651762/download 33290cccc9e4ea8275af89c6ca618268 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/7f96b024-37a7-45f2-98cb-1d839e71f0c6/download 4d9a138a68747cc219dc0ad8dcb25146 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/c8bd325d-c370-4de0-9929-2a9c70ad4d9d/download 2c7e38858781a01bbc1a460f4d3f2c79 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/df18e8e1-62d6-4a18-b628-40fcb1e24a91/download 3972496f46f7aeb234cd82f491e30892 Termitomyces heimii, submerged liquid fermentation, polysaccharide, antimicrobial, antioxidant |