Preparation, Characterisation And Evaluation Of Five Agriculture By-Products’ Activated Carbons Using Heavy Metals And Dye
Access to safe drinking water is the most concern in developing countries. Surface water is a common source of usable water. Heavy metal toxicity has become a great threat to the environment due to industrial wastewater. Lead, nickel, copper, and cadmium are the most toxic heavy metals in polluted w...
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Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia |
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Drinking water Drinking water--Purification |
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Drinking water Drinking water--Purification Md. Shahin Azad Preparation, Characterisation And Evaluation Of Five Agriculture By-Products’ Activated Carbons Using Heavy Metals And Dye |
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Access to safe drinking water is the most concern in developing countries. Surface water is a common source of usable water. Heavy metal toxicity has become a great threat to the environment due to industrial wastewater. Lead, nickel, copper, and cadmium are the most toxic heavy metals in polluted water. It has harmful effects such as lung cancer, kidney damage, mental and nerve disorder. Conventional methods for removing toxic metals and dyes from wastewater such as the use of commercial activated carbon are very expensive for third-world countries. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of activated carbon produced from agricultural waste-products (rice husk, coconut coir, corn cobs, neem bark and Moringa oleifera bark) to remove heavy metals (copper (II), cadmium (II), lead (II) and nickel (II)), and dye (methylene blue). The activated carbons were produced using carbonized method in an inert state with chemical activation in varieties ratio at different temperatures. Desorption process were conducted using 0.1M acid (hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid) and basic (sodium carbonate) solutions. Hydrochloric acid was the best solvent to desorb loaded contaminants from the adsorbents. The lead was absolutely removed from spiked aqueous solution in 5 mg/L using five types of activated carbon. In the batch adsorption process, copper (97.00 %, 97.52 %, 64.49 %, 36.60 %, 98.24 %), cadmium (56.72 %, 54.16 %, 69.40 %, 41.48 % 56.00 %) and nickel (92.22 %, 81.79 %, 83.35 %, 88.10 %, 82.30 %) were removed from spiked aqueous solution in 5 mg/L by activated carbon of rice husk, coconut coir, corn cobs, neem bark, and Moringa oleifera bark, respectively at pH 6 using lower dosage (0.025 g/100 mL) at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C). The maximum quantity of lead uptake at equilibrium time was (46.51, 43.08, 47.16, 51.57, 53.73 mg/g) using five activated carbons of rice husk, coconut coir, corn cobs, neem bark, Moringa oleifera bark, respectively. The highest adsorption capacity of adsorbents was Moringa oleifera bark. Activated carbon of Moringa oleifera bark was produced with carbonization temperature at 700 °C and impregnation ratio of ZnCl2 with H2SO4 to charcoal at ratio 5:1. The produced well adsorbents were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) and proximate analysis. Moringa oleifera bark showed the best adsorption results due to well surface area (439.23 m²/g) and pore volume (0.189 cm³/g). Freundlich isotherm was well fitted with coefficient regression (R2 ≈ 1) for experimental data than the Langmuir and D-R model. The second order model also was closely fitted (R2≈ 1) with experimental data. From FTIR data, most of the activated carbon contained hydroxyl, carboxyl and methoxy groups to adsorb heavy metals and dye. A further experiment showed that methylene blue was greatly removed from spiked water using all activated carbons. The maximum quantity of methylene blue (qmax) uptake were 108.94 mg/g, 107.71 mg/g, 107.71 mg/g, 109.34 mg/g, and 108.12 mg/g using rice husk, coconut coir, corn cobs, neem bark and Moringa oleifera bark, respectively. |
| format |
Thesis |
| author |
Md. Shahin Azad |
| author_facet |
Md. Shahin Azad |
| author_sort |
Md. Shahin Azad |
| title |
Preparation, Characterisation And Evaluation Of Five Agriculture By-Products’ Activated Carbons Using Heavy Metals And Dye |
| title_short |
Preparation, Characterisation And Evaluation Of Five Agriculture By-Products’ Activated Carbons Using Heavy Metals And Dye |
| title_full |
Preparation, Characterisation And Evaluation Of Five Agriculture By-Products’ Activated Carbons Using Heavy Metals And Dye |
| title_fullStr |
Preparation, Characterisation And Evaluation Of Five Agriculture By-Products’ Activated Carbons Using Heavy Metals And Dye |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Preparation, Characterisation And Evaluation Of Five Agriculture By-Products’ Activated Carbons Using Heavy Metals And Dye |
| title_sort |
preparation, characterisation and evaluation of five agriculture by-products’ activated carbons using heavy metals and dye |
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Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia |
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my-usim-ddms-133252024-05-29T19:09:34Z Preparation, Characterisation And Evaluation Of Five Agriculture By-Products’ Activated Carbons Using Heavy Metals And Dye Md. Shahin Azad Access to safe drinking water is the most concern in developing countries. Surface water is a common source of usable water. Heavy metal toxicity has become a great threat to the environment due to industrial wastewater. Lead, nickel, copper, and cadmium are the most toxic heavy metals in polluted water. It has harmful effects such as lung cancer, kidney damage, mental and nerve disorder. Conventional methods for removing toxic metals and dyes from wastewater such as the use of commercial activated carbon are very expensive for third-world countries. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of activated carbon produced from agricultural waste-products (rice husk, coconut coir, corn cobs, neem bark and Moringa oleifera bark) to remove heavy metals (copper (II), cadmium (II), lead (II) and nickel (II)), and dye (methylene blue). The activated carbons were produced using carbonized method in an inert state with chemical activation in varieties ratio at different temperatures. Desorption process were conducted using 0.1M acid (hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid) and basic (sodium carbonate) solutions. Hydrochloric acid was the best solvent to desorb loaded contaminants from the adsorbents. The lead was absolutely removed from spiked aqueous solution in 5 mg/L using five types of activated carbon. In the batch adsorption process, copper (97.00 %, 97.52 %, 64.49 %, 36.60 %, 98.24 %), cadmium (56.72 %, 54.16 %, 69.40 %, 41.48 % 56.00 %) and nickel (92.22 %, 81.79 %, 83.35 %, 88.10 %, 82.30 %) were removed from spiked aqueous solution in 5 mg/L by activated carbon of rice husk, coconut coir, corn cobs, neem bark, and Moringa oleifera bark, respectively at pH 6 using lower dosage (0.025 g/100 mL) at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C). The maximum quantity of lead uptake at equilibrium time was (46.51, 43.08, 47.16, 51.57, 53.73 mg/g) using five activated carbons of rice husk, coconut coir, corn cobs, neem bark, Moringa oleifera bark, respectively. The highest adsorption capacity of adsorbents was Moringa oleifera bark. Activated carbon of Moringa oleifera bark was produced with carbonization temperature at 700 °C and impregnation ratio of ZnCl2 with H2SO4 to charcoal at ratio 5:1. The produced well adsorbents were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) and proximate analysis. Moringa oleifera bark showed the best adsorption results due to well surface area (439.23 m²/g) and pore volume (0.189 cm³/g). Freundlich isotherm was well fitted with coefficient regression (R2 ≈ 1) for experimental data than the Langmuir and D-R model. The second order model also was closely fitted (R2≈ 1) with experimental data. From FTIR data, most of the activated carbon contained hydroxyl, carboxyl and methoxy groups to adsorb heavy metals and dye. A further experiment showed that methylene blue was greatly removed from spiked water using all activated carbons. The maximum quantity of methylene blue (qmax) uptake were 108.94 mg/g, 107.71 mg/g, 107.71 mg/g, 109.34 mg/g, and 108.12 mg/g using rice husk, coconut coir, corn cobs, neem bark and Moringa oleifera bark, respectively. Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia 2022-09 Thesis en_US https://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/13325 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/c7bef371-5d7c-4068-9f78-4639b5b0d567/download 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/21341a96-2dd4-4310-a450-090b61f6e511/download 090cad906a2194c2af0e7bf0d417b7e5 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/fc89d6cf-a70e-4ea1-8655-8a41bce75ac6/download 42ee5008ba1160407c5a4e62be56f44a https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/e58e9303-5894-4249-8792-b1ebef3766fe/download c6e0138f0c739052de24edc0ccadd737 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/d2a61be0-ebd0-4724-a9a1-f7d2283cec36/download 748fdbe1ed1e066b96c07cb8154c732f https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/dae66431-0fdd-414e-8398-c3ff1ad45e8f/download 6adbf6af19ec0f7bbd0ff3f8baf2f1a5 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/4bfdfbd3-c6be-4831-b030-cb2b71fb9101/download 8c69556ac6926d88c8b0ea8fe9334bb0 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/9cd07b48-d060-4fbf-8535-b3a19697d7c8/download 4ae77f9105196137220896fffb078a80 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/10d4ca42-8342-4c4d-84b1-13e263899206/download 551b0ccf3af5be6daf7153fbea0f8c0b https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/69c14f5d-4bcd-4ec8-b9b8-c70058833d7b/download 3ec5d642a631380b87b94e350fc04433 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/51bfcc3a-de97-4b90-bce8-bed63a9baffc/download f4d77f6c477454dbb24a91331cbf98a5 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/a895f414-7a61-449d-b542-6c5c292822c1/download 7284fe7f7e2a9e780e930968873720b9 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/f98f178d-f8bc-4cc0-83fa-5f9b19ca73a0/download 6da3880dafb0efc7493f55766c5f12ee https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/0cfbc7a9-13ef-4004-8aca-c1fb0595be70/download 44393de0594299767c2036fef2dc9d24 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/21ba36bd-0e12-4310-8ccd-84112b29a17e/download 1df5556ff7ddaf0f239bf7dcbd6066d1 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/9c5838b4-7dd6-4913-9e4f-aaf96ba3c054/download 9405785fccfdde0375c49a8ec7657ffc https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/d9ea3014-bbe5-4723-b95e-a3f1ba6882ee/download 7f910b21ff06cf55a98fffcd3e1f1cfa https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/762d9aee-8fef-4ac9-8bfe-31fb56418ace/download 28573d014449f2e2f67254e8650955f9 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/33e811af-bbb0-42a0-bf72-45b723d2c042/download d13fc95e3eb2730cde3c117bbb0b30f4 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/1b631a4d-4b31-4634-8767-e41c12010c7c/download 21ac5ad929beecbbf6500a7d185e3be0 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/dc1ecdab-7f93-4139-a87e-a68a15ad76fe/download 81d1c22ab0152a8dc1e7181edaa54346 Drinking water Drinking water--Purification |