Formulation And Characterization Of Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins For Plywood

Formaldehid fenol merupakan salah satu perekat kayu utama yang digunakan dalam industri kayu. Bahan mentah perekat ini diperolehi daripada minyak petroleum. Sejak kebelakangan ini, peningkatan harga petrokimia menjadikan penukargantian bahan ini dengan sumber semula jadi sangat diperlukan. Dalam kaj...

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Main Author:	Zakaria, Norhidaya
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	T175-178 Industrial research Research and development
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/31976/1/Norhidaya_Bt_Zakaria.pdf
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spelling	my-usm-ep.319762019-04-12T05:25:38Z Formulation And Characterization Of Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins For Plywood 2015-10 Zakaria, Norhidaya T175-178 Industrial research. Research and development Formaldehid fenol merupakan salah satu perekat kayu utama yang digunakan dalam industri kayu. Bahan mentah perekat ini diperolehi daripada minyak petroleum. Sejak kebelakangan ini, peningkatan harga petrokimia menjadikan penukargantian bahan ini dengan sumber semula jadi sangat diperlukan. Dalam kajian ini, penggantian fenol dalam penghasilan perekat fenolik dengan menggunakan lignin yang diekstrak dari sisa kelapa sawit telah diterokai. Lignin kraft dan lignin soda telah dicirikan dari segi sifat kimia dan sifat terma untuk menentukan kesesuaian dan potensinya bagi penggabungan separa ke dalam resin formaldehid fenol. Parameter bagi penyediaan formula resin lignin-fenol-formaldehid (LPF) seperti peratusan lignin, nisbah molar formaldehid/fenol, nisbah mangkin dan tempoh masa tindak balas telah dioptimakan. LPF yang optima (OLPF) telah dibandingkan dengan PF komersial (CPF) dari segi sifat, kimia, haba dan mekanik. Daripada analisis yang dilakukan, lignin kraft telah menunjukkan potensi yang amat besar kerana mempunyai kandungan kumpulan fenolik hidroksil yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan lignin soda. Phenol formaldehyde is one of the main wood adhesive used in wood industry. The raw material of this adhesive is derived from petroleum oil. In recent years, the increasing price of petrochemical makes its replacement by natural resources become indispensible. In this study, the possibility of substituting phenol in phenolic adhesive production with lignin which was extracted from oil palm waste was explored. Kraft and soda lignins were characterized in terms of chemical and thermal properties to determine their suitability and potential for partial incorporation into phenol formaldehyde resin. The parameters for preparation of lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) formulation resin such as lignin percentage, formaldehyde/phenol molar ratio, catalyst ratio and reaction duration were optimized. The optimum LPF (OLPF) was compared with the commercial LPF (CPF) in terms of chemical, thermal and mechanical properties. From the analyses, kraft lignin showed tremendous potential due to higher phenolic hydroxyl group content compared to soda lignin. 2015-10 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/31976/ http://eprints.usm.my/31976/1/Norhidaya_Bt_Zakaria.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Teknologi Industri
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	T175-178 Industrial research Research and development
spellingShingle	T175-178 Industrial research Research and development Zakaria, Norhidaya Formulation And Characterization Of Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins For Plywood
description	Formaldehid fenol merupakan salah satu perekat kayu utama yang digunakan dalam industri kayu. Bahan mentah perekat ini diperolehi daripada minyak petroleum. Sejak kebelakangan ini, peningkatan harga petrokimia menjadikan penukargantian bahan ini dengan sumber semula jadi sangat diperlukan. Dalam kajian ini, penggantian fenol dalam penghasilan perekat fenolik dengan menggunakan lignin yang diekstrak dari sisa kelapa sawit telah diterokai. Lignin kraft dan lignin soda telah dicirikan dari segi sifat kimia dan sifat terma untuk menentukan kesesuaian dan potensinya bagi penggabungan separa ke dalam resin formaldehid fenol. Parameter bagi penyediaan formula resin lignin-fenol-formaldehid (LPF) seperti peratusan lignin, nisbah molar formaldehid/fenol, nisbah mangkin dan tempoh masa tindak balas telah dioptimakan. LPF yang optima (OLPF) telah dibandingkan dengan PF komersial (CPF) dari segi sifat, kimia, haba dan mekanik. Daripada analisis yang dilakukan, lignin kraft telah menunjukkan potensi yang amat besar kerana mempunyai kandungan kumpulan fenolik hidroksil yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan lignin soda. Phenol formaldehyde is one of the main wood adhesive used in wood industry. The raw material of this adhesive is derived from petroleum oil. In recent years, the increasing price of petrochemical makes its replacement by natural resources become indispensible. In this study, the possibility of substituting phenol in phenolic adhesive production with lignin which was extracted from oil palm waste was explored. Kraft and soda lignins were characterized in terms of chemical and thermal properties to determine their suitability and potential for partial incorporation into phenol formaldehyde resin. The parameters for preparation of lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) formulation resin such as lignin percentage, formaldehyde/phenol molar ratio, catalyst ratio and reaction duration were optimized. The optimum LPF (OLPF) was compared with the commercial LPF (CPF) in terms of chemical, thermal and mechanical properties. From the analyses, kraft lignin showed tremendous potential due to higher phenolic hydroxyl group content compared to soda lignin.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Zakaria, Norhidaya
author_facet	Zakaria, Norhidaya
author_sort	Zakaria, Norhidaya
title	Formulation And Characterization Of Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins For Plywood
title_short	Formulation And Characterization Of Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins For Plywood
title_full	Formulation And Characterization Of Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins For Plywood
title_fullStr	Formulation And Characterization Of Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins For Plywood
title_full_unstemmed	Formulation And Characterization Of Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins For Plywood
title_sort	formulation and characterization of lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resins for plywood
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Teknologi Industri
publishDate	2015
url	http://eprints.usm.my/31976/1/Norhidaya_Bt_Zakaria.pdf
_version_	1747820511506726912

Formulation And Characterization Of Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins For Plywood

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