Silicoaluminophosphates Number 5 (Sapo-5) Zeolite Templated By Imidazolium Compounds As Catalyst For Friedel-Crafts Acylation Of 2-Methylfuran

Silicoaluminophosphate number 5 (SAPO-5) is one of the most extensively studied microporous solid due its application as commercial solid acid catalyst. However, its weak-to-mild acidity limits its catalytic activity in many industrially important organic reactions. The objective of this research is...

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Main Author:	Auwal, Ismail Alhassan
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2021
Subjects:	QD1-65 General Including alchemy
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/51939/1/ISMAIL%20ALHASSAN%20AUWAL%20-%20TESIS.pdf
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spelling	my-usm-ep.519392022-03-16T06:23:42Z Silicoaluminophosphates Number 5 (Sapo-5) Zeolite Templated By Imidazolium Compounds As Catalyst For Friedel-Crafts Acylation Of 2-Methylfuran 2021-03 Auwal, Ismail Alhassan QD1-65 General Including alchemy Silicoaluminophosphate number 5 (SAPO-5) is one of the most extensively studied microporous solid due its application as commercial solid acid catalyst. However, its weak-to-mild acidity limits its catalytic activity in many industrially important organic reactions. The objective of this research is to synthesize SAPO-5 catalyst using new imidazolium-based structure-directing agents (SDAs) for producing furan-based biofuel via Friedel-Crafts acylation of 2-methylfuran with acetic anhydride. The study began with the synthesis of three types of imidazolium compounds bearing different functional groups, viz. 1-propyl-2,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium ([pmIm]+), 1-benzyl-2,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium ([bzmIm]+) and 3-(2,3-dihydroxypropy)-1,2-dimethylimidazolium ([dhmIm]+) to be used as SDAs to crystallize SAPO-5. The microscopic and spectroscopic analyses showed that the polarity and molecular geometry of imidazolium SDAs significantly governed the physicochemical properties of the resulting SAPO-5 products (e.g. porosity, surface area, particle size, and morphology). Among the SDAs, the [dhmIm]+, which has the highest hydrophilicity/polarity, demonstrated fastest crystallization rate of SAPO-5 due to its diol group that withdraw electron density from imidazolium ring, thereby increasing the templating effect. Next, the effects of each synthesis parameters (temperature, heating time, molar ratios of P2O5, [bzmIm]2O SDA, SiO2, and H2O) on the crystallization process is also investigated. The results indicate that the synthesis parameters influence the crystallization rate, purity, crystal size and morphology 2021-03 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/51939/ http://eprints.usm.my/51939/1/ISMAIL%20ALHASSAN%20AUWAL%20-%20TESIS.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Perpustakaan Hamzah Sendut Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	QD1-65 General Including alchemy
spellingShingle	QD1-65 General Including alchemy Auwal, Ismail Alhassan Silicoaluminophosphates Number 5 (Sapo-5) Zeolite Templated By Imidazolium Compounds As Catalyst For Friedel-Crafts Acylation Of 2-Methylfuran
description	Silicoaluminophosphate number 5 (SAPO-5) is one of the most extensively studied microporous solid due its application as commercial solid acid catalyst. However, its weak-to-mild acidity limits its catalytic activity in many industrially important organic reactions. The objective of this research is to synthesize SAPO-5 catalyst using new imidazolium-based structure-directing agents (SDAs) for producing furan-based biofuel via Friedel-Crafts acylation of 2-methylfuran with acetic anhydride. The study began with the synthesis of three types of imidazolium compounds bearing different functional groups, viz. 1-propyl-2,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium ([pmIm]+), 1-benzyl-2,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium ([bzmIm]+) and 3-(2,3-dihydroxypropy)-1,2-dimethylimidazolium ([dhmIm]+) to be used as SDAs to crystallize SAPO-5. The microscopic and spectroscopic analyses showed that the polarity and molecular geometry of imidazolium SDAs significantly governed the physicochemical properties of the resulting SAPO-5 products (e.g. porosity, surface area, particle size, and morphology). Among the SDAs, the [dhmIm]+, which has the highest hydrophilicity/polarity, demonstrated fastest crystallization rate of SAPO-5 due to its diol group that withdraw electron density from imidazolium ring, thereby increasing the templating effect. Next, the effects of each synthesis parameters (temperature, heating time, molar ratios of P2O5, [bzmIm]2O SDA, SiO2, and H2O) on the crystallization process is also investigated. The results indicate that the synthesis parameters influence the crystallization rate, purity, crystal size and morphology
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Auwal, Ismail Alhassan
author_facet	Auwal, Ismail Alhassan
author_sort	Auwal, Ismail Alhassan
title	Silicoaluminophosphates Number 5 (Sapo-5) Zeolite Templated By Imidazolium Compounds As Catalyst For Friedel-Crafts Acylation Of 2-Methylfuran
title_short	Silicoaluminophosphates Number 5 (Sapo-5) Zeolite Templated By Imidazolium Compounds As Catalyst For Friedel-Crafts Acylation Of 2-Methylfuran
title_full	Silicoaluminophosphates Number 5 (Sapo-5) Zeolite Templated By Imidazolium Compounds As Catalyst For Friedel-Crafts Acylation Of 2-Methylfuran
title_fullStr	Silicoaluminophosphates Number 5 (Sapo-5) Zeolite Templated By Imidazolium Compounds As Catalyst For Friedel-Crafts Acylation Of 2-Methylfuran
title_full_unstemmed	Silicoaluminophosphates Number 5 (Sapo-5) Zeolite Templated By Imidazolium Compounds As Catalyst For Friedel-Crafts Acylation Of 2-Methylfuran
title_sort	silicoaluminophosphates number 5 (sapo-5) zeolite templated by imidazolium compounds as catalyst for friedel-crafts acylation of 2-methylfuran
granting_institution	Perpustakaan Hamzah Sendut
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia
publishDate	2021
url	http://eprints.usm.my/51939/1/ISMAIL%20ALHASSAN%20AUWAL%20-%20TESIS.pdf
_version_	1747822116136288256

Silicoaluminophosphates Number 5 (Sapo-5) Zeolite Templated By Imidazolium Compounds As Catalyst For Friedel-Crafts Acylation Of 2-Methylfuran

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