Cellular Response In The Development Of Atherosclerosis By Gynura Procumbens
Atherosclerosis is the main fundamental root of cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused by a chronic inflammatory of blood vessels, namely atherosclerosis which induced by oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and leukocytes. Gynura procumbens or locally called as sambung nyawa has cardio-protecti...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/51994/1/MANIMEGALAI%20AP%20MANOGARAN.pdf |
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| Summary: | Atherosclerosis is the main fundamental root of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
caused by a chronic inflammatory of blood vessels, namely atherosclerosis which
induced by oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and leukocytes. Gynura
procumbens or locally called as sambung nyawa has cardio-protective effect. The
current study was undertaken to elucidate the chemical constituents of G. procumbens
ethanol extract and its fractions, their effects on macrophage derived foam cells
formation and CD4+ T cell differentiation. Firstly, LC-MS analysis detected bioactive
constituents from group of fatty acid, flavonoid, sesquiterpenoids and products of
chlorophyll breakdown whereby GC-MS showed that G. procumbens ethanol extract
and its fractions contained varied volatile compounds such as hexadecane, phytol and
stigmasterol. G. procumbens ethanol extract and its fractions exhibited potent cell
viability as all the concentrations induced proliferation of RAW264.7 macrophages as
the percentages of cell viability were above 100% compared to untreated cells.
Secondly, G. procumbens ethanol extract and its fractions reduced lipid droplet
accumulation and total cholesterol in oxLDL-treated macrophages together with
significant reduction of TNF-α and IL-1β secretions in their supernatant. In addition,
G. procumbens ethanol extract and its fractions significantly reduced LOX-1 gene
expression and increased ABCA-1 gene in oxLDL-treated macrophages. Finally, G.
procumbens ethanol extract and its fractions up-regulated the expression of CD11c,
MHC class II and CD80 in oxLDL-loaded BMDC. G. procumbens ethanol extract and
its fractions suppressed T-bet, GATA-3 and RORγt gene expression but increased the expression of Foxp3 gene in differentiated CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, G. procumbens
ethanol extract and its fractions also increased DLL-3 gene but suppressed Jagged-1
gene expression in activated BMDC. In conclusion, G. procumbens ethanol extract
and its fractions possess anti-atherogenic effect via inhibiting cellular components
involve in atherogenesis, thus give clear insight for the development of novel
therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment. |
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