Extraction Of Acetaminophen From Aqueous Solution By Emulsion Liquid Membrane

In recent years there is an increasing awareness of pharmaceutical contaminants in the environment. Pharmaceutical contamination in rivers is widespread with hundreds of drugs found at low concentrations. One of the main abundantly used pharmaceuticals are acetaminophen (ACTP). The application of...

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Main Author:	Zaulkiflee, Nur Dina
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	T Technology TP Chemical Technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/55133/1/Extraction%20Of%20Acetaminophen%20From%20Aqueous%20Solution%20By%20Emulsion%20Liquid%20Membrane_Nur%20Dina%20Zaulkiflee_K4_2019_ESAR.pdf
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spelling	my-usm-ep.551332022-10-04T09:09:48Z Extraction Of Acetaminophen From Aqueous Solution By Emulsion Liquid Membrane 2019-03-01 Zaulkiflee, Nur Dina T Technology TP Chemical Technology In recent years there is an increasing awareness of pharmaceutical contaminants in the environment. Pharmaceutical contamination in rivers is widespread with hundreds of drugs found at low concentrations. One of the main abundantly used pharmaceuticals are acetaminophen (ACTP). The application of conventional treatment process in wastewater treatment plants is unable to completely remove the residues. Thus, among the existing methods, one of the promising methods for ACTP removal is by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM). ELM comprises internal and membrane phase which form primary W/O (water-in-oil) emulsion. The formulation of ELM was investigated to find suitable carrier, diluent and stripping agent. The effect of emulsion formulation parameters of ELM was investigated in order to obtain its best formulation for removal of ACTP. Selection of suitable ELM components, use of ultrasound emulsification and Taylor-Couette Column (TCC) are expected to increase the extraction efficiency. The influence of several parameters such as carrier, surfactant and stripping agent concentration, ultrasonic power, volume ratio, emulsification time, treat ratio, initial and acid concentration, stirring time and stirring speed were investigated. The results show that kerosene as a diluent, Trioctylamine (TOA) as carrier or extractant and ammonia (NH3) as stripping agent were the most suitable for the liquid membrane formulation of ACTP removal. The optimum condition for the emulsification study was found at 6 wt.% of TOA and Span 80, 0.1 M concentration of stripping agent, 15 minutes of emulsification time, volume ratio of 3:1, 20 W power of ultrasonic probe, 10 ppm of initial concentration, 0.1M of HCl concentration, 5 minutes of extraction time using TCC with a frequency angular ratio of 1.0 and treat ratio of 3:1. The prepared ELM was found to effectively remove 85% of ACTP ions from aqueous solution. Thus, ELM process is a promising technology to extract ACTP from pharmaceutical production wastewater. 2019-03 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/55133/ http://eprints.usm.my/55133/1/Extraction%20Of%20Acetaminophen%20From%20Aqueous%20Solution%20By%20Emulsion%20Liquid%20Membrane_Nur%20Dina%20Zaulkiflee_K4_2019_ESAR.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	T Technology TP Chemical Technology
spellingShingle	T Technology TP Chemical Technology Zaulkiflee, Nur Dina Extraction Of Acetaminophen From Aqueous Solution By Emulsion Liquid Membrane
description	In recent years there is an increasing awareness of pharmaceutical contaminants in the environment. Pharmaceutical contamination in rivers is widespread with hundreds of drugs found at low concentrations. One of the main abundantly used pharmaceuticals are acetaminophen (ACTP). The application of conventional treatment process in wastewater treatment plants is unable to completely remove the residues. Thus, among the existing methods, one of the promising methods for ACTP removal is by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM). ELM comprises internal and membrane phase which form primary W/O (water-in-oil) emulsion. The formulation of ELM was investigated to find suitable carrier, diluent and stripping agent. The effect of emulsion formulation parameters of ELM was investigated in order to obtain its best formulation for removal of ACTP. Selection of suitable ELM components, use of ultrasound emulsification and Taylor-Couette Column (TCC) are expected to increase the extraction efficiency. The influence of several parameters such as carrier, surfactant and stripping agent concentration, ultrasonic power, volume ratio, emulsification time, treat ratio, initial and acid concentration, stirring time and stirring speed were investigated. The results show that kerosene as a diluent, Trioctylamine (TOA) as carrier or extractant and ammonia (NH3) as stripping agent were the most suitable for the liquid membrane formulation of ACTP removal. The optimum condition for the emulsification study was found at 6 wt.% of TOA and Span 80, 0.1 M concentration of stripping agent, 15 minutes of emulsification time, volume ratio of 3:1, 20 W power of ultrasonic probe, 10 ppm of initial concentration, 0.1M of HCl concentration, 5 minutes of extraction time using TCC with a frequency angular ratio of 1.0 and treat ratio of 3:1. The prepared ELM was found to effectively remove 85% of ACTP ions from aqueous solution. Thus, ELM process is a promising technology to extract ACTP from pharmaceutical production wastewater.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Zaulkiflee, Nur Dina
author_facet	Zaulkiflee, Nur Dina
author_sort	Zaulkiflee, Nur Dina
title	Extraction Of Acetaminophen From Aqueous Solution By Emulsion Liquid Membrane
title_short	Extraction Of Acetaminophen From Aqueous Solution By Emulsion Liquid Membrane
title_full	Extraction Of Acetaminophen From Aqueous Solution By Emulsion Liquid Membrane
title_fullStr	Extraction Of Acetaminophen From Aqueous Solution By Emulsion Liquid Membrane
title_full_unstemmed	Extraction Of Acetaminophen From Aqueous Solution By Emulsion Liquid Membrane
title_sort	extraction of acetaminophen from aqueous solution by emulsion liquid membrane
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia
publishDate	2019
url	http://eprints.usm.my/55133/1/Extraction%20Of%20Acetaminophen%20From%20Aqueous%20Solution%20By%20Emulsion%20Liquid%20Membrane_Nur%20Dina%20Zaulkiflee_K4_2019_ESAR.pdf
_version_	1747822314000482304

Extraction Of Acetaminophen From Aqueous Solution By Emulsion Liquid Membrane

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