Evaluation of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in tears and serum and its associated factors in age related macular degeneration patients

Introduction: Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affect the macula lutea. AMD is the leading cause of irreversible central vision loss in elderly population in developed countries. AMD is a multifactorial disease. The development of AMD involve co...

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Main Author:	Rosli, Abdul Hadi
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2021
Subjects:	RE Ophthalmology
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/57233/1/DR%20ABDUL%20HADI%20BIN%20ROSLI-24%20pages.pdf
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spelling	my-usm-ep.572332023-03-09T06:41:52Z Evaluation of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in tears and serum and its associated factors in age related macular degeneration patients 2021 Rosli, Abdul Hadi RE Ophthalmology Introduction: Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affect the macula lutea. AMD is the leading cause of irreversible central vision loss in elderly population in developed countries. AMD is a multifactorial disease. The development of AMD involve continuous interaction between genetic factors, oxidative stress and environmental factors. Recent studies has been showing that inflammation plays a critical role in pathogenesis of AMD. Increased in Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the serum and intraocular fluid has been associated with AMD and its progression. Measurement of IL-6 and TNF-α in tears will provide a potential non-invasive biomarker for the progression and monitoring of AMD. Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate IL-6 and TNF-α in tears and serum between AMD patients and Control group as well as between Early AMD and Late AMD. Our objective also was to determine the association between IL-6 and TNF-α in tears with duration of AMD, serum level of IL-6 and TNF-α, smoking status and AMD status. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Malaysia, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) from June 2018 till May 2021. This study involved patients with Early AMD, Late AMD and Control group who attended Ophthalmology Clinic. Tears and serum samples were collected. The samples were analysed using commercial Human IL-6 and TNF-α ELISA kit to measure IL-6 and TNF-α levels in tears and serum. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Inc Version 24. Results: A total of 142 patients (56 early AMD, 56 late AMD and 30 Control group) were recruited and analysed in this study. In the late AMD group, there was no late dry AMD and only include late neovascular AMD (nAMD). The adjusted mean for IL-6 in tears was significantly higher in AMD compared to Control group (21.91 (95%CI: 19.89, 23.93) vs 16.27 (95%CI: 12.32, 20.22), respectively, p= 0.014) after adjusted with covariates. The adjusted mean for IL-6 in serum also was significantly higher in AMD compared to Control group (12.01 (95%CI: 10.93, 13.08) vs 8.51 (95%CI: 6.41, 10.62), respectively, p= 0.004) after adjusted with covariates. The adjusted mean IL-6 in serum was significantly higher in Late nAMD compared to Early AMD (13.97 (95%CI: 12.43, 15.52) vs 10.03 (95%CI: 8.49, 11.58), respectively, p= 0.001) after adjusted with covariates. The adjusted mean TNF-α in serum was significantly higher in AMD compared to Control group (18.49 (95%CI: 17.11, 19.86) versus 13.96 (95%CI: 11.27, 16.65), respectively, p= 0.004) after adjusted with covariates. There was no significant association found between IL-6 and TNF-α level in tears with duration of AMD, serum level of IL-6 and TNF-α, smoking status and AMD status. Conclusion: Systemic IL-6 level was significantly higher in Late nAMD. There was no different in the level of IL-6 and TNF-α in tears between Early AMD and Late nAMD. There was also no significant factors associated with IL-6 and TNF-α in tears among AMD patients. A large cohort study is needed for further evaluation of tears inflammatory biomarkers level in AMD patients. 2021 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/57233/ http://eprints.usm.my/57233/1/DR%20ABDUL%20HADI%20BIN%20ROSLI-24%20pages.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	RE Ophthalmology
spellingShingle	RE Ophthalmology Rosli, Abdul Hadi Evaluation of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in tears and serum and its associated factors in age related macular degeneration patients
description	Introduction: Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affect the macula lutea. AMD is the leading cause of irreversible central vision loss in elderly population in developed countries. AMD is a multifactorial disease. The development of AMD involve continuous interaction between genetic factors, oxidative stress and environmental factors. Recent studies has been showing that inflammation plays a critical role in pathogenesis of AMD. Increased in Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the serum and intraocular fluid has been associated with AMD and its progression. Measurement of IL-6 and TNF-α in tears will provide a potential non-invasive biomarker for the progression and monitoring of AMD. Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate IL-6 and TNF-α in tears and serum between AMD patients and Control group as well as between Early AMD and Late AMD. Our objective also was to determine the association between IL-6 and TNF-α in tears with duration of AMD, serum level of IL-6 and TNF-α, smoking status and AMD status. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Malaysia, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) from June 2018 till May 2021. This study involved patients with Early AMD, Late AMD and Control group who attended Ophthalmology Clinic. Tears and serum samples were collected. The samples were analysed using commercial Human IL-6 and TNF-α ELISA kit to measure IL-6 and TNF-α levels in tears and serum. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Inc Version 24. Results: A total of 142 patients (56 early AMD, 56 late AMD and 30 Control group) were recruited and analysed in this study. In the late AMD group, there was no late dry AMD and only include late neovascular AMD (nAMD). The adjusted mean for IL-6 in tears was significantly higher in AMD compared to Control group (21.91 (95%CI: 19.89, 23.93) vs 16.27 (95%CI: 12.32, 20.22), respectively, p= 0.014) after adjusted with covariates. The adjusted mean for IL-6 in serum also was significantly higher in AMD compared to Control group (12.01 (95%CI: 10.93, 13.08) vs 8.51 (95%CI: 6.41, 10.62), respectively, p= 0.004) after adjusted with covariates. The adjusted mean IL-6 in serum was significantly higher in Late nAMD compared to Early AMD (13.97 (95%CI: 12.43, 15.52) vs 10.03 (95%CI: 8.49, 11.58), respectively, p= 0.001) after adjusted with covariates. The adjusted mean TNF-α in serum was significantly higher in AMD compared to Control group (18.49 (95%CI: 17.11, 19.86) versus 13.96 (95%CI: 11.27, 16.65), respectively, p= 0.004) after adjusted with covariates. There was no significant association found between IL-6 and TNF-α level in tears with duration of AMD, serum level of IL-6 and TNF-α, smoking status and AMD status. Conclusion: Systemic IL-6 level was significantly higher in Late nAMD. There was no different in the level of IL-6 and TNF-α in tears between Early AMD and Late nAMD. There was also no significant factors associated with IL-6 and TNF-α in tears among AMD patients. A large cohort study is needed for further evaluation of tears inflammatory biomarkers level in AMD patients.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Rosli, Abdul Hadi
author_facet	Rosli, Abdul Hadi
author_sort	Rosli, Abdul Hadi
title	Evaluation of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in tears and serum and its associated factors in age related macular degeneration patients
title_short	Evaluation of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in tears and serum and its associated factors in age related macular degeneration patients
title_full	Evaluation of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in tears and serum and its associated factors in age related macular degeneration patients
title_fullStr	Evaluation of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in tears and serum and its associated factors in age related macular degeneration patients
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluation of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in tears and serum and its associated factors in age related macular degeneration patients
title_sort	evaluation of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in tears and serum and its associated factors in age related macular degeneration patients
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan
publishDate	2021
url	http://eprints.usm.my/57233/1/DR%20ABDUL%20HADI%20BIN%20ROSLI-24%20pages.pdf
_version_	1776101192791752704

Evaluation of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in tears and serum and its associated factors in age related macular degeneration patients

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