The Assessment of Interleukin-6, Protein Induced by Vitamin K Antagonist II, and Alpha-Fetoprotein Among Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer that has a poor prognosis and a high prevalence among the Malaysians. At present, ultrasonography and serum Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) are the only tools for HCC screening in this country. Serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Protein Induced by Vita...

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Main Author:	Wei, Lai Thing
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2023
Subjects:	RC254-282 Neoplasms Tumors Oncology (including Cancer)
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/58678/1/LAI%20THING%20WEI-24%20pages.pdf
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spelling	my-usm-ep.586782023-07-04T05:00:10Z The Assessment of Interleukin-6, Protein Induced by Vitamin K Antagonist II, and Alpha-Fetoprotein Among Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia 2023-01 Wei, Lai Thing RC254-282 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology (including Cancer) Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer that has a poor prognosis and a high prevalence among the Malaysians. At present, ultrasonography and serum Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) are the only tools for HCC screening in this country. Serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence or Antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) are two potential serum biomarkers that were shown to be and AFP (Sn 73.08%, Sp 97.06%). Furthermore, the combination of all three serum biomarkers demonstrated the best diagnostic performance in HCC diagnosis (AUC=0.999). Conclusively, serum IL-6 and PIVKA-II have potential uses in HCC diagnosis as well as HCC treatment monitoring, especially when used in combination with serum AFP. elevated in HCC patients. However, there had been insufficient research on them in our population. This study aimed to assess the serum IL-6 and PIVKA-II levels among HCC subjects in Hospital USM , before and after treatment, as well compare their levels to those of serum AFP. Twenty six HCC subjects (Group 1) and thirty four healthy subjects (Group 2) were recruited. For Group 1, blood samples were collected and radiological assessments of their HCC lesions were done at the first visit and 6- weeks after their local treatment. For Group 2, only blood samples were only collected once. This study found that serum IL-6, PIVKA-II and AFP had higher median levels in HCC subjects than healthy subjects (p<0.001). IL-6 was not significantly correlated with radiological response post treatment (p=0.822). When comparing pre- and posttreatment values, serum IL-6 levels did not change significantly (p=0.328), whereas serum PIVKA-II levels were most significantly different (p<0.001) followed by serum AFP levels (p=0.007). In HCC diagnosis, PIVKA-II had the higher sensitivity and specificity (Sn 92.30%, Sp 94.11%) followed by serum IL-6 (Sn 84.62%, Sp 70.59%) 2023-01 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/58678/ http://eprints.usm.my/58678/1/LAI%20THING%20WEI-24%20pages.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	RC254-282 Neoplasms Tumors Oncology (including Cancer)
spellingShingle	RC254-282 Neoplasms Tumors Oncology (including Cancer) Wei, Lai Thing The Assessment of Interleukin-6, Protein Induced by Vitamin K Antagonist II, and Alpha-Fetoprotein Among Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
description	Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer that has a poor prognosis and a high prevalence among the Malaysians. At present, ultrasonography and serum Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) are the only tools for HCC screening in this country. Serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence or Antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) are two potential serum biomarkers that were shown to be and AFP (Sn 73.08%, Sp 97.06%). Furthermore, the combination of all three serum biomarkers demonstrated the best diagnostic performance in HCC diagnosis (AUC=0.999). Conclusively, serum IL-6 and PIVKA-II have potential uses in HCC diagnosis as well as HCC treatment monitoring, especially when used in combination with serum AFP. elevated in HCC patients. However, there had been insufficient research on them in our population. This study aimed to assess the serum IL-6 and PIVKA-II levels among HCC subjects in Hospital USM , before and after treatment, as well compare their levels to those of serum AFP. Twenty six HCC subjects (Group 1) and thirty four healthy subjects (Group 2) were recruited. For Group 1, blood samples were collected and radiological assessments of their HCC lesions were done at the first visit and 6- weeks after their local treatment. For Group 2, only blood samples were only collected once. This study found that serum IL-6, PIVKA-II and AFP had higher median levels in HCC subjects than healthy subjects (p<0.001). IL-6 was not significantly correlated with radiological response post treatment (p=0.822). When comparing pre- and posttreatment values, serum IL-6 levels did not change significantly (p=0.328), whereas serum PIVKA-II levels were most significantly different (p<0.001) followed by serum AFP levels (p=0.007). In HCC diagnosis, PIVKA-II had the higher sensitivity and specificity (Sn 92.30%, Sp 94.11%) followed by serum IL-6 (Sn 84.62%, Sp 70.59%)
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Wei, Lai Thing
author_facet	Wei, Lai Thing
author_sort	Wei, Lai Thing
title	The Assessment of Interleukin-6, Protein Induced by Vitamin K Antagonist II, and Alpha-Fetoprotein Among Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
title_short	The Assessment of Interleukin-6, Protein Induced by Vitamin K Antagonist II, and Alpha-Fetoprotein Among Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
title_full	The Assessment of Interleukin-6, Protein Induced by Vitamin K Antagonist II, and Alpha-Fetoprotein Among Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
title_fullStr	The Assessment of Interleukin-6, Protein Induced by Vitamin K Antagonist II, and Alpha-Fetoprotein Among Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	The Assessment of Interleukin-6, Protein Induced by Vitamin K Antagonist II, and Alpha-Fetoprotein Among Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
title_sort	assessment of interleukin-6, protein induced by vitamin k antagonist ii, and alpha-fetoprotein among hepatocellular carcinoma patients in hospital universiti sains malaysia
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan
publishDate	2023
url	http://eprints.usm.my/58678/1/LAI%20THING%20WEI-24%20pages.pdf
_version_	1776101229981597696

The Assessment of Interleukin-6, Protein Induced by Vitamin K Antagonist II, and Alpha-Fetoprotein Among Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

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