Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters
Present work focuses on producing a dual catalyst system to esterify fatty acids and . transesterify triglycerides into methyl esters in the presence of methanol. Firstly, boiler ash sourced from waste empty fruit bunches of the palm oil industry was characterized and used as a pseudo-homogeneou...
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my-usm-ep.594762023-10-12T02:07:02Z Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters 2012-08 Ganesan, Shangeetha TP1-1185 Chemical technology Present work focuses on producing a dual catalyst system to esterify fatty acids and . transesterify triglycerides into methyl esters in the presence of methanol. Firstly, boiler ash sourced from waste empty fruit bunches of the palm oil industry was characterized and used as a pseudo-homogeneous base catalyst for transesterification of palm olein. Boiler ash successfully transesterified palm olein at mild reaction conditions (3 wt.% dried boiler ash, 15: 1 methanol : oil molar ratio, methanol refluxing temperature and reaction time of 0.5 b) to produce 90% methyl esters. Calcium oxide (calcined at 900 oe for 2 h) was added to boiler ash in order to increase the free fatty acids and water tolerance of boiler ash for transesterification of low quality oils. A mixture of boiler ash-calcium oxide was found to be able to tolerate 3 wt.% water and 4 wt.% free fatty acids. 2012-08 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/59476/ http://eprints.usm.my/59476/1/24%20Pages%20from%2000001779558.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Perpustakaan Hamzah Sendut Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia |
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Universiti Sains Malaysia |
| collection |
USM Institutional Repository |
| language |
English |
| topic |
TP1-1185 Chemical technology |
| spellingShingle |
TP1-1185 Chemical technology Ganesan, Shangeetha Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters |
| description |
Present work focuses on producing a dual catalyst system to esterify fatty acids and
.
transesterify triglycerides into methyl esters in the presence of methanol. Firstly,
boiler ash sourced from waste empty fruit bunches of the palm oil industry was
characterized and used as a pseudo-homogeneous base catalyst for transesterification
of palm olein. Boiler ash successfully transesterified palm olein at mild reaction
conditions (3 wt.% dried boiler ash, 15: 1 methanol : oil molar ratio, methanol
refluxing temperature and reaction time of 0.5 b) to produce 90% methyl esters.
Calcium oxide (calcined at 900 oe for 2 h) was added to boiler ash in order to
increase the free fatty acids and water tolerance of boiler ash for transesterification of
low quality oils. A mixture of boiler ash-calcium oxide was found to be able to
tolerate 3 wt.% water and 4 wt.% free fatty acids. |
| format |
Thesis |
| qualification_name |
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.) |
| qualification_level |
Doctorate |
| author |
Ganesan, Shangeetha |
| author_facet |
Ganesan, Shangeetha |
| author_sort |
Ganesan, Shangeetha |
| title |
Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters |
| title_short |
Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters |
| title_full |
Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters |
| title_fullStr |
Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters |
| title_sort |
agro-based catalyst systems for converting palm based oils with high fatty acids and water contents into methyl esters |
| granting_institution |
Perpustakaan Hamzah Sendut |
| granting_department |
Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://eprints.usm.my/59476/1/24%20Pages%20from%2000001779558.pdf |
| _version_ |
1783729563353743360 |