Antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of salvadora persica extracts against carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii isolated from endotracheal tube samples
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is one of the pathogens that is difficult to eradicate from the surrounding and resist all antibiotics. As a result, CRAB may cause serious and deadly infections in patients under treatment in hospitals. Salvadora persica (S. persica) roots have...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2024
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/61036/1/WAN%20ALIF%20SYAZWANI%20BINTI%20WAN%20ALIAS-FINAL%20THESIS%20P-UM000522%28R%29-E.pdf |
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| Summary: | Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is one of the
pathogens that is difficult to eradicate from the surrounding and resist all antibiotics.
As a result, CRAB may cause serious and deadly infections in patients under treatment
in hospitals. Salvadora persica (S. persica) roots have been used for maintaining oral
hygiene and the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended them. It has
the potential to be used in research and studies related to medicine. This study aimed
to elucidate the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of the most effective solvent
extract of S. persica roots against CRAB isolated from endotracheal tube (ETT)
samples. Three different solvents (hexane, chloroform and methanol) were used in
the Soxhlet apparatus to extract S. persica. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(GC-MS) was used to analyze each extract, and characterized by library databases.
Benzoic acid, fatty acids, alcohols, and vitamin E were among the phytochemical
compounds found in the various solvent extracts of S. persica that had been analyzed
by GC-MS. Benzoic acid was the main compound found in hexane and chloroform
extract, while glycerol was main compound found in methanol extract. Broth
microdilution assay was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of extracts against
CRAB to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. While,
minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay was used to determine the
concentration needed to eradicate CRAB. The Minimum biofilm inhibition
concentration (MBIC) assay and minimum biofilm eradication concentration
(MBEC) assay were used to identify the antibiofilm activity of CRAB. Then, the ultrastructure of the biofilm was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Hexane was selected as the most efficient solvent due to their lowest MIC and MBC
values (1.56-3.13 mg/ml and 6.25-12.50 mg/ml, respectively). While, MBIC and
MBEC values were 6.25 mg/ml and 62.5-125.00 mg/ml, respectively. Antimicrobial
and antibiofilm activity of all selected CRAB (n=20) were identified (MIC=1.56-
6.25 mg/ml; MBC=3.13-12.50 mg/ml; MBIC=6.25- 25.00 mg/ml; MBEC=12.50-
62.50 mg/ml). SEM shows reduction effect after treated with the extract. In
conclusion, various phytochemical compounds that have antibacterial properties
were extracted from different solvents. From this study, extracts containing hexane
demonstrated the most effective antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against
CRAB. By using hexane solvent, the results show significant antibacterial and
antibiofilm properties against CRAB. |
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