The effects of alumina on the dense calcium phosphate synthesized from eggshell waste

Eggshell (ES) wastes were processed and used as starting materials for the synthesis of calcium phosphates (CaP) such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphates (TCP). Hydrothermal and mechanochemical synthesis methods were applied to synthesize hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite-alumina biocer...

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Main Author:	Misran, Fatimah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	T Technology (General) TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/16859/1/The%20Effetcs%20Of%20Alumina%20On%20The%20Dense%20Calcium%20Phosphate%20Synthesized%20From%20Eggshell%20Waste.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/16859/2/The%20effects%20of%20alumina%20on%20the%20dense%20calcium%20phosphate%20synthesized%20from%20eggshell%20waste.pdf
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institution	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
collection	UTeM Repository
language	English English
advisor	Shaaban, Azizah
topic	T Technology (General) TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	T Technology (General) TP Chemical technology Misran, Fatimah The effects of alumina on the dense calcium phosphate synthesized from eggshell waste
description	Eggshell (ES) wastes were processed and used as starting materials for the synthesis of calcium phosphates (CaP) such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphates (TCP). Hydrothermal and mechanochemical synthesis methods were applied to synthesize hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite-alumina bioceramic composite powders with ultrafine microstructures from both eggshell wastes and chemical calcium precursors to develop bioceramics with enhanced mechanical properties for medical applications. Despite its attractive, bioactive and biocompatibile properties, CaP has been limited in applications due to the poor processability and mechanical strengths of the material. To further toughen the CaP matrix, nanocrystalline alumina (Al2O3) with the addition amounts of 15wt.% and 35wt.% was introduced. CaP in the form of dense compacts was prepared by uniaxial pressing and sintered through pressureless sintering method in air atmosphere at various sintering temperatures. The effects of the type of calcium sources, the synthesis pH conditions, the Al2O3 incorporation and the sintering temperature on the phase behaviour and the mechanical properties of the developed ceramic bodies were evaluated. The presence of HA and Al2O3 phase in the powder synthesis was confirmed through XRD, FT-IR and TGA analyses. However, the major phase detected in the developed dense compacts after sintering conducts was TCP. FESEM and EDX assessments showed nano-sized rods and spherical morphologies with corresponding element analysis of the synthesized powders. SEM analyses were used to observe the morphology and densification behaviour of the bioceramic compacts. Density, porosity, compression, elasticity, microhardness and fracture toughness tests were used to monitor the physical and mechanical properties. Statistical analysis using MINITAB was used to summarize the mechanical evaluations. The leading mechanical attributes were achieved by dense bioceramics synthesized from ES-based calcium precursor at pH 9 conditions after being sintered at 1250°C. Al2O3 reinforcements were preferred in small quantities to achieve better mechanical properties. The highest measurement of Vickers hardness and facture toughness was acquired through the sample that was synthesized at alkaline conditions, 15wt% alumina content and after being sintered at 1250°C with values of 4.76 GPa and 4.12 MPam1/2 respectively. Sintering temperature was concluded to be the most influencing variable parameter for every evaluation particularly for the enhancement of mechanical strength of the developed bioceramics.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Misran, Fatimah
author_facet	Misran, Fatimah
author_sort	Misran, Fatimah
title	The effects of alumina on the dense calcium phosphate synthesized from eggshell waste
title_short	The effects of alumina on the dense calcium phosphate synthesized from eggshell waste
title_full	The effects of alumina on the dense calcium phosphate synthesized from eggshell waste
title_fullStr	The effects of alumina on the dense calcium phosphate synthesized from eggshell waste
title_full_unstemmed	The effects of alumina on the dense calcium phosphate synthesized from eggshell waste
title_sort	effects of alumina on the dense calcium phosphate synthesized from eggshell waste
granting_institution	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
granting_department	Faculty Of Manufacturing Engineering
publishDate	2015
url	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/16859/1/The%20Effetcs%20Of%20Alumina%20On%20The%20Dense%20Calcium%20Phosphate%20Synthesized%20From%20Eggshell%20Waste.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/16859/2/The%20effects%20of%20alumina%20on%20the%20dense%20calcium%20phosphate%20synthesized%20from%20eggshell%20waste.pdf
_version_	1747833901994213376
spelling	my-utem-ep.168592022-06-13T12:49:05Z The effects of alumina on the dense calcium phosphate synthesized from eggshell waste 2015 Misran, Fatimah T Technology (General) TP Chemical technology Eggshell (ES) wastes were processed and used as starting materials for the synthesis of calcium phosphates (CaP) such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphates (TCP). Hydrothermal and mechanochemical synthesis methods were applied to synthesize hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite-alumina bioceramic composite powders with ultrafine microstructures from both eggshell wastes and chemical calcium precursors to develop bioceramics with enhanced mechanical properties for medical applications. Despite its attractive, bioactive and biocompatibile properties, CaP has been limited in applications due to the poor processability and mechanical strengths of the material. To further toughen the CaP matrix, nanocrystalline alumina (Al2O3) with the addition amounts of 15wt.% and 35wt.% was introduced. CaP in the form of dense compacts was prepared by uniaxial pressing and sintered through pressureless sintering method in air atmosphere at various sintering temperatures. The effects of the type of calcium sources, the synthesis pH conditions, the Al2O3 incorporation and the sintering temperature on the phase behaviour and the mechanical properties of the developed ceramic bodies were evaluated. The presence of HA and Al2O3 phase in the powder synthesis was confirmed through XRD, FT-IR and TGA analyses. However, the major phase detected in the developed dense compacts after sintering conducts was TCP. FESEM and EDX assessments showed nano-sized rods and spherical morphologies with corresponding element analysis of the synthesized powders. SEM analyses were used to observe the morphology and densification behaviour of the bioceramic compacts. Density, porosity, compression, elasticity, microhardness and fracture toughness tests were used to monitor the physical and mechanical properties. Statistical analysis using MINITAB was used to summarize the mechanical evaluations. The leading mechanical attributes were achieved by dense bioceramics synthesized from ES-based calcium precursor at pH 9 conditions after being sintered at 1250°C. Al2O3 reinforcements were preferred in small quantities to achieve better mechanical properties. The highest measurement of Vickers hardness and facture toughness was acquired through the sample that was synthesized at alkaline conditions, 15wt% alumina content and after being sintered at 1250°C with values of 4.76 GPa and 4.12 MPam1/2 respectively. Sintering temperature was concluded to be the most influencing variable parameter for every evaluation particularly for the enhancement of mechanical strength of the developed bioceramics. 2015 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/16859/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/16859/1/The%20Effetcs%20Of%20Alumina%20On%20The%20Dense%20Calcium%20Phosphate%20Synthesized%20From%20Eggshell%20Waste.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/16859/2/The%20effects%20of%20alumina%20on%20the%20dense%20calcium%20phosphate%20synthesized%20from%20eggshell%20waste.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=96109&query_desc=kw%2Cwrdl%3A%20fatimah%20misran mphil masters Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty Of Manufacturing Engineering Shaaban, Azizah 1. Adak, M. D., Chattopadhyay, A. K. and Purohit, K. M., 2011. Study on Calcination of Nano- Crystalline Hydroxy-Apatite Synthesised from Kitchen Waste (Used Egg Shells). 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