Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Efficiency Of Green Superhydrophobic Magnetic Nanocomposite Sheet From Durian Shell

Electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers are specifically designed materials that can inhibit the reflection or transmission of EM radiation. The increasing numbers in electronic and telecommunication devices has created electromagnetic interference (EMI) in which leads to application disturbance. Thus,...

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Main Author:	Arif, Afraha Baiti
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	T Technology (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/24572/1/Electromagnetic%20Wave%20Absorption%20Efficiency%20Of%20Green%20Superhydrophobic%20Magnetic%20Nanocomposite%20Sheet%20From%20Durian%20Shell.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/24572/2/Electromagnetic%20Wave%20Absorption%20Efficiency%20Of%20Green%20Superhydrophobic%20Magnetic%20Nanocomposite%20Sheet%20From%20Durian%20Shell.pdf
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topic	T Technology (General) T Technology (General)
spellingShingle	T Technology (General) T Technology (General) Arif, Afraha Baiti Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Efficiency Of Green Superhydrophobic Magnetic Nanocomposite Sheet From Durian Shell
description	Electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers are specifically designed materials that can inhibit the reflection or transmission of EM radiation. The increasing numbers in electronic and telecommunication devices has created electromagnetic interference (EMI) in which leads to application disturbance. Thus, the use of EM wave absorber with the ability of high absorption is strongly in demand. Current magnetic sheets are made from polymer-based materials; however, it takes decades to degrade and cause pollution. Thus, the use of natural fibres in replacing polymer is strongly encouraged. However, cellulose sources are highly hygroscopic. As a result, it loses its important mechanical attributes and affects the quality of the magnetic sheet. In this study, a novel superhydrophobic EM wave absorber of thin, light weight, flexible, green and low cost magnetic nanocomposite sheet that function in high frequency range was fabricated. Here, durian shell (Durio zibethinus Murray) from D24 variety was explored to examine its hydrophobic behaviour and compatibility as a magnetic sheet matrix. The chemical composition, surface functional groups, thermal stability and cross section morphology of the fibre were characterised. The process conditions of soda pulping were optimised using a two-level factorial design in order to achieve the optimum amount of lignin that can give the highest water contact angle among the produced durian shell composite sheets. The percentage of alkalinity, cooking temperature and cooking period are the most affected factors to the model. Mechanical properties such as tensile, tear, burst and folding endurance of the composite sheets decreased as the amount of lignin increasing. For embedding magnetic nanoparticles inside the fibre lumen phase, the lumen loading method had a better magnetic loading and magnetization compared to the in situ. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) data shows that the durian shell wave absorbers exhibited good superparamagnetic behaviour. The existence of the magnetic nanoparticles was confirmed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XRD) analysis. Optimisation of lumen loading process conditions was carried out via face-centred central composite design (FCCD) to obtain the highest magnetisation property. In overcoming the hygroscopic behaviour of cellulose, three coating techniques have been employed; dip coating using stearic acid, blending polymer via disintegration method and drop coating using modified silica particles. Dip coating using stearic acid was selected as the best technique as the water contact angle produced exceeds 150°. Cobb test was carried out to check the water absorptiveness of the coated magnetic sheet. The performance of EM wave absorber was tested using vector network analyzer (VNA) through the reading of reflection loss, permittivity and permeability of the samples in the 4-18 GHz frequency range. All the samples were also tested for the ultra-high frequency of radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) reading distance in metallic environment. The results obtained showed that the green superhydrophobic magnetic nanocomposite sheet has a better performance in alleviating the EMI problem.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Arif, Afraha Baiti
author_facet	Arif, Afraha Baiti
author_sort	Arif, Afraha Baiti
title	Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Efficiency Of Green Superhydrophobic Magnetic Nanocomposite Sheet From Durian Shell
title_short	Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Efficiency Of Green Superhydrophobic Magnetic Nanocomposite Sheet From Durian Shell
title_full	Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Efficiency Of Green Superhydrophobic Magnetic Nanocomposite Sheet From Durian Shell
title_fullStr	Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Efficiency Of Green Superhydrophobic Magnetic Nanocomposite Sheet From Durian Shell
title_full_unstemmed	Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Efficiency Of Green Superhydrophobic Magnetic Nanocomposite Sheet From Durian Shell
title_sort	electromagnetic wave absorption efficiency of green superhydrophobic magnetic nanocomposite sheet from durian shell
granting_institution	Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
granting_department	Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering
publishDate	2019
url	http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/24572/1/Electromagnetic%20Wave%20Absorption%20Efficiency%20Of%20Green%20Superhydrophobic%20Magnetic%20Nanocomposite%20Sheet%20From%20Durian%20Shell.pdf http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/24572/2/Electromagnetic%20Wave%20Absorption%20Efficiency%20Of%20Green%20Superhydrophobic%20Magnetic%20Nanocomposite%20Sheet%20From%20Durian%20Shell.pdf
_version_	1747834074635960320
spelling	my-utem-ep.245722021-10-05T11:05:01Z Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Efficiency Of Green Superhydrophobic Magnetic Nanocomposite Sheet From Durian Shell 2019 Arif, Afraha Baiti T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers are specifically designed materials that can inhibit the reflection or transmission of EM radiation. The increasing numbers in electronic and telecommunication devices has created electromagnetic interference (EMI) in which leads to application disturbance. Thus, the use of EM wave absorber with the ability of high absorption is strongly in demand. Current magnetic sheets are made from polymer-based materials; however, it takes decades to degrade and cause pollution. Thus, the use of natural fibres in replacing polymer is strongly encouraged. However, cellulose sources are highly hygroscopic. As a result, it loses its important mechanical attributes and affects the quality of the magnetic sheet. In this study, a novel superhydrophobic EM wave absorber of thin, light weight, flexible, green and low cost magnetic nanocomposite sheet that function in high frequency range was fabricated. Here, durian shell (Durio zibethinus Murray) from D24 variety was explored to examine its hydrophobic behaviour and compatibility as a magnetic sheet matrix. The chemical composition, surface functional groups, thermal stability and cross section morphology of the fibre were characterised. The process conditions of soda pulping were optimised using a two-level factorial design in order to achieve the optimum amount of lignin that can give the highest water contact angle among the produced durian shell composite sheets. The percentage of alkalinity, cooking temperature and cooking period are the most affected factors to the model. Mechanical properties such as tensile, tear, burst and folding endurance of the composite sheets decreased as the amount of lignin increasing. For embedding magnetic nanoparticles inside the fibre lumen phase, the lumen loading method had a better magnetic loading and magnetization compared to the in situ. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) data shows that the durian shell wave absorbers exhibited good superparamagnetic behaviour. The existence of the magnetic nanoparticles was confirmed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XRD) analysis. Optimisation of lumen loading process conditions was carried out via face-centred central composite design (FCCD) to obtain the highest magnetisation property. In overcoming the hygroscopic behaviour of cellulose, three coating techniques have been employed; dip coating using stearic acid, blending polymer via disintegration method and drop coating using modified silica particles. Dip coating using stearic acid was selected as the best technique as the water contact angle produced exceeds 150°. Cobb test was carried out to check the water absorptiveness of the coated magnetic sheet. The performance of EM wave absorber was tested using vector network analyzer (VNA) through the reading of reflection loss, permittivity and permeability of the samples in the 4-18 GHz frequency range. All the samples were also tested for the ultra-high frequency of radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) reading distance in metallic environment. The results obtained showed that the green superhydrophobic magnetic nanocomposite sheet has a better performance in alleviating the EMI problem. 2019 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/24572/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/24572/1/Electromagnetic%20Wave%20Absorption%20Efficiency%20Of%20Green%20Superhydrophobic%20Magnetic%20Nanocomposite%20Sheet%20From%20Durian%20Shell.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/24572/2/Electromagnetic%20Wave%20Absorption%20Efficiency%20Of%20Green%20Superhydrophobic%20Magnetic%20Nanocomposite%20Sheet%20From%20Durian%20Shell.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=117194 phd doctoral Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering 1. Abbas, S.M., Dixit, A.K., Chatterjee, R., and Goel, T.C., 2007. Complex Permittivity, Complex Permeability and Microwave Absorption Properties of Ferrite-Polymer Composites. 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