Microstructural Characterization And Fracture Observation Of Green Innovative Glass (GIG) Ceramic Tiles Produced By Sinter Crystallization Of Waste Glass

Microstructural Characterization And Fracture Observation Of Green Innovative Glass (GIG) Ceramic Tiles Produced By Sinter Crystallization Of Waste Glass

Green Innovative Glass (GIG) Ceramic tile is a ceramic tile that uses waste glass powder arising from municipal wastes. The basic raw material used for fabricating GIG is soda lime silica glass (SLSG) waste which was collected from PUM Cullet SDN BHD. located in Johor Bharu. Most of this cullet were...

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Main Author: Ahmad, Aina Syuhada
Format: Thesis
Language:English
English
Published: 2020
Subjects:
T Technology (General)
Online Access:http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25429/1/Microstructural%20Characterization%20And%20Fracture%20Observation%20Of%20Green%20Innovative%20Glass%20%28GIG%29%20Ceramic%20Tiles%20Produced%20By%20Sinter%20Crystallization%20Of%20Waste%20Glass.pdf
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institution Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
collection UTeM Repository
language English
English
advisor Mohamad Juoi, Jariah
topic T Technology (General)
T Technology (General)
spellingShingle T Technology (General)
T Technology (General)
Ahmad, Aina Syuhada
Microstructural Characterization And Fracture Observation Of Green Innovative Glass (GIG) Ceramic Tiles Produced By Sinter Crystallization Of Waste Glass
description Green Innovative Glass (GIG) Ceramic tile is a ceramic tile that uses waste glass powder arising from municipal wastes. The basic raw material used for fabricating GIG is soda lime silica glass (SLSG) waste which was collected from PUM Cullet SDN BHD. located in Johor Bharu. Most of this cullet were originated from waste glass containers or bottles. It was found that the quality of GIG tiles is of increased mechanical strength compared to the conventional tile in the market. It should be noted that the GIG tile is produced by viscous sintering at lower sintering temperature of 850oC and lower energy than the conventional tile which is produced by solid-state sintering mechanism at higher sintering temperature of commonly 1200oC. Thus, the objective of this work is to characterize the green innovative ceramic (GIG) tile using XRD and SEM, to compare the microstructural properties and fracture behaviour of GIG tiles and unglazed porcelain conventional ceramic tiles and to explain the relation of composition with process and mechanical properties related to the sintering mechanism of GIG tile compared to unglazed porcelain conventional ceramic tile. The microstructural analysis of GIG tile using imageJ, SEM, and XRD is carried out with attention given to its mechanical performance and fracture behaviour. Then, a comparison on the mechanical performance and fracture behaviour related to the crystal phases and microstructural present of GIG and unglazed porcelain conventional ceramic tile is carried out using reported findings via comprehensive literature review. It was found by the imageJ analysis that 0.25%, 0.80% and 0.97% porosity exist in the unglazed porcelain conventional ceramic tile, green GIG and white GIG respectively. The XRD analysis shows that unglazed porcelain conventional ceramic tile consists of Quartz phase while the white and green GIG consists of wollastonite, cristobalite, and fosterite. SEM analysis shows that the fracture behaviour of the unglazed porcelain conventional ceramic tile is having an alignment of crack propagation originated to large grains in the material. While, in the GIG samples cracks propagate more disperse and caused by the microcracks due to transgranular and intergranular fracture. Green GIG shows the deepest crack as it is able to repel lots of stress with less elongation.
format Thesis
qualification_name Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level Master's degree
author Ahmad, Aina Syuhada
author_facet Ahmad, Aina Syuhada
author_sort Ahmad, Aina Syuhada
title Microstructural Characterization And Fracture Observation Of Green Innovative Glass (GIG) Ceramic Tiles Produced By Sinter Crystallization Of Waste Glass
title_short Microstructural Characterization And Fracture Observation Of Green Innovative Glass (GIG) Ceramic Tiles Produced By Sinter Crystallization Of Waste Glass
title_full Microstructural Characterization And Fracture Observation Of Green Innovative Glass (GIG) Ceramic Tiles Produced By Sinter Crystallization Of Waste Glass
title_fullStr Microstructural Characterization And Fracture Observation Of Green Innovative Glass (GIG) Ceramic Tiles Produced By Sinter Crystallization Of Waste Glass
title_full_unstemmed Microstructural Characterization And Fracture Observation Of Green Innovative Glass (GIG) Ceramic Tiles Produced By Sinter Crystallization Of Waste Glass
title_sort microstructural characterization and fracture observation of green innovative glass (gig) ceramic tiles produced by sinter crystallization of waste glass
granting_institution Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
granting_department Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering
publishDate 2020
url http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25429/1/Microstructural%20Characterization%20And%20Fracture%20Observation%20Of%20Green%20Innovative%20Glass%20%28GIG%29%20Ceramic%20Tiles%20Produced%20By%20Sinter%20Crystallization%20Of%20Waste%20Glass.pdf
http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25429/2/Microstructural%20Characterization%20And%20Fracture%20Observation%20Of%20Green%20Innovative%20Glass%20%28GIG%29%20Ceramic%20Tiles%20Produced%20By%20Sinter%20Crystallization%20Of%20Waste%20Glass.pdf
_version_ 1747834126594998272
spelling my-utem-ep.254292021-12-07T13:33:52Z Microstructural Characterization And Fracture Observation Of Green Innovative Glass (GIG) Ceramic Tiles Produced By Sinter Crystallization Of Waste Glass 2020 Ahmad, Aina Syuhada T Technology (General) TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Green Innovative Glass (GIG) Ceramic tile is a ceramic tile that uses waste glass powder arising from municipal wastes. The basic raw material used for fabricating GIG is soda lime silica glass (SLSG) waste which was collected from PUM Cullet SDN BHD. located in Johor Bharu. Most of this cullet were originated from waste glass containers or bottles. It was found that the quality of GIG tiles is of increased mechanical strength compared to the conventional tile in the market. It should be noted that the GIG tile is produced by viscous sintering at lower sintering temperature of 850oC and lower energy than the conventional tile which is produced by solid-state sintering mechanism at higher sintering temperature of commonly 1200oC. Thus, the objective of this work is to characterize the green innovative ceramic (GIG) tile using XRD and SEM, to compare the microstructural properties and fracture behaviour of GIG tiles and unglazed porcelain conventional ceramic tiles and to explain the relation of composition with process and mechanical properties related to the sintering mechanism of GIG tile compared to unglazed porcelain conventional ceramic tile. The microstructural analysis of GIG tile using imageJ, SEM, and XRD is carried out with attention given to its mechanical performance and fracture behaviour. Then, a comparison on the mechanical performance and fracture behaviour related to the crystal phases and microstructural present of GIG and unglazed porcelain conventional ceramic tile is carried out using reported findings via comprehensive literature review. It was found by the imageJ analysis that 0.25%, 0.80% and 0.97% porosity exist in the unglazed porcelain conventional ceramic tile, green GIG and white GIG respectively. The XRD analysis shows that unglazed porcelain conventional ceramic tile consists of Quartz phase while the white and green GIG consists of wollastonite, cristobalite, and fosterite. SEM analysis shows that the fracture behaviour of the unglazed porcelain conventional ceramic tile is having an alignment of crack propagation originated to large grains in the material. While, in the GIG samples cracks propagate more disperse and caused by the microcracks due to transgranular and intergranular fracture. Green GIG shows the deepest crack as it is able to repel lots of stress with less elongation. 2020 Thesis http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25429/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25429/1/Microstructural%20Characterization%20And%20Fracture%20Observation%20Of%20Green%20Innovative%20Glass%20%28GIG%29%20Ceramic%20Tiles%20Produced%20By%20Sinter%20Crystallization%20Of%20Waste%20Glass.pdf text en public http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/25429/2/Microstructural%20Characterization%20And%20Fracture%20Observation%20Of%20Green%20Innovative%20Glass%20%28GIG%29%20Ceramic%20Tiles%20Produced%20By%20Sinter%20Crystallization%20Of%20Waste%20Glass.pdf text en validuser https://plh.utem.edu.my/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=119595 mphil masters Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering Mohamad Juoi, Jariah 1. Aolgun, Y.E., 2005. Development of ceramic tiles from coal fly ash and tincal ore waste. Ceramics international 31, pp.153-158. 2. AS. Ogunro, F. I. Apeh, O. C. Nwannenna, and A. E. Peter, 2016. Application Of Clay For The Production Of Ceramic Wares Using Cullet As Sintering Aid”, American Journal Of Engineering Research, 5(2), pp.174-181. 3. Ashraf M., 2019. Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behaviour of Green Innovative Glass (GIG) Make from Waste, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka 4. Bae SI, Baik S. J, 1993. Fundamental of Ceramics. Mater Science (28), pp.4197. 5. Bernado E., 2011. Application of an Industrial Waste Glass in “Glass–Ceramic Stoneware”. Journal of applied ceramic technology 8 [5],pp.1153 – 1162. 6. Bernard-Granger G, Guizard C, Addad A. J, 2007. Mater Sci 42, pp6316 7. Brinker C J and Scherer G W, 1990. Sol–Gel Science. The Physics And Chemistry Of Sol–Gel Processing, pp. 675–742. 8. Burke J. and Rosolowski J., 1976. Sintering. Reactivity Of Solids (Treatise On Solid State Chemistry Vol 4, pp.621–59. 9. Coble R L And Burke J E, 1963. Sintering In Ceramics. Progress In Ceramic Science Vol 3, pp. 197–251. 10. Coble R L, 1961. Sintering Crystalline Solids: Intermediate and Final State Diffusion Models. J. Appl. Phys. 32, pp.787–92. 11. Dondi M, Ercolani G, Melandri C, Mingazzini C, Marsigli M, 1999. The chemical composition of porcelain stoneware tiles and its influence on microstructural and mechanical properties.Interceram 48, pp.75–89. 12. Drahus MD, Chan HM, Rickman JM and Harmer MP., 2005. J Am Ceram, pp3369. 13. Erhan K., 2015. Mechanical properties of soda-lime-silica glasses with varying alkaline earth contents. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 429,pp.190-197. 14. George D., 2016. Fractography of Ceramics and Glasses, National Institute of Standards and Technology, pp. 1-639. 15. Grahl C., 2002 Materials Handbook, C. Grahl (Ed), Ceramic Industry, pp. 25 -136. 16. G. Silva, A.Munoz, C. Fel and V.Cantavella, 2002. Ceramic Tile Mechanical Behaviour On Impact. Ceramica, pp. 385-399. 17. Hiasmim Gualberto R., 2019. Influence of Sintering Temperature on Mechanical Properties ofGlass-Ceramics, International Journal of Chemical Engineering Volume, pp.8. 18. James S. Reed, 2000. Principles of Ceramics Processing. Wiley 2ndEdition, pp.658. 19. Jorge Martin, Jesús Ma. Rincón, Maximina Romero, 2010. Effect of microstructure on mechanical properties of porcelain stoneware. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 30,pp. 3063–3069. 20. Jose M., Rainer L. and Rubin Ruiz, 2014. A Case Study: Ceramic Tile Production. Springer Verlag, pp.371-393. 21. Juoi, J.M., Ayoob, N.F., Rosli, Z.M. and Rosli, N.R., 2011. Characterisation and properties of sintered glass-ceramics produced from recycling glass by using pressure-less method. Key Engineering Materials Vo. 471-472, pp. 933-938. 22. Lawn, 1998. Indentation of ceramics with spheres. Journal American Ceramic Society (8),pp. 1977-1994. 23. M. N. Rahaman, 2007. Sintering Of Ceramics. CRC Press. 24. M. Rahaman, 1995. Ceramic Processing and Sintering. CRC Press. 25. M. Rahaman and M. N. Rahaman, 2006, Ceramic Processing. CRC Press. 26. Mustaffar, Mahmud, Mohd Idham and Hassan, 2017. Development of dense glass-ceramic from recycled soda-lime-silicate glass and fly ash for tiling. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 1901, Issue 1. 27. Patricia Rabelo Monich, 2019. Dense glass‐ceramics by fast sinter‐crystallization of mixtures of waste‐derived glasses. Journal of applied ceramic technology (17), pp.55-63. 28. Santos, 1989. The technology of Ceramics. Edgard Blucher Vol1.,pp. 49. 29. Sangsom Chitwareea, Jirawan Tiansuwanb, Nandh Thavarungkula,Lada Punsukumtana , 2018. Energy Saving In Sintering Of Porcelain Stoneware Tile Manufacturing By Using Recycled Glass And Pottery Stone Substitute Materials, Case Studies In Thermal Engineering 11, pp.81-88. 30. S.M. Salman, H. Darwish and E.A. Mahdy , 2008. The Influence of Al2O3, MgO and ZnO On The Crystallization Characteristics And Properties Of Lithium Calcium Silicate Glasses And Glass-Ceramics, Materials Chemistry and Physics, pp.945–95. 31. Sonia Contea, Chiara Zanellia, Matteo Arditb, Giuseppe Crucianib and Michele Dond, 2020. Journal Of The European Ceramic Society (40), pp.1738- 1752. 32. Thümmler F And Thomma W, 1967. The Sintering Process. J. Inst. Metals 12, pp.69–108. 33. Viera, 2005. Microstructural evaluation and properties of a ceramic body for extruded floor tile, revista material 10, pp. 526-536. 34. Wani, 2016. Investigation of the corrosion resistance of the glass composite tiles made from domestic glass waste and industrial waste, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Melaka. 35. Xiahong Xu, J.S., 2019. The microstructure and properties of ceramic tiles from solid waste. Construction and building materials 212, pp.266-274. 36. Zanelli C, Dondi M, Guarini C, Raimondo M, Roncarati I., 2004. Influence of strengthening components on industrial mixture of porcelain stoneware tiles. Key Eng Mater,pp.264-268. 37. Zhang w. and liu, 2013. Microstructure and mechanical properties of glass-ceramics. Journal of iron and steel research international (12), pp.1113-1117.

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