Energy efficiency and thermal comfort: a case study in Iraqi Government Hospitals

One of the largest energy consumers in the building sector are hospitals. In hospitals, many buildings tend to operate 24-hours daily throughout the year, among them are the wards, operation theatre and emergency department and hence require a balance between energy efficiency and thermal comfort am...

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Main Author:	Gatea, Anwer Abdulhussein
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English English
Published:	2023
Subjects:	T Technology (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10820/1/24p%20ANWER%20ABDULHUSSEIN%20GATEA.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10820/2/ANWER%20ABDULHUSSEIN%20GATEA%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10820/3/ANWER%20ABDULHUSSEIN%20GATEA%20WATERMARK.pdf
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id	my-uthm-ep.10820
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-uthm-ep.108202024-05-13T07:04:51Z Energy efficiency and thermal comfort: a case study in Iraqi Government Hospitals 2023-03 Gatea, Anwer Abdulhussein T Technology (General) One of the largest energy consumers in the building sector are hospitals. In hospitals, many buildings tend to operate 24-hours daily throughout the year, among them are the wards, operation theatre and emergency department and hence require a balance between energy efficiency and thermal comfort among its occupants. The present work is a pioneering case study on energy efficiency and thermal comfort carried out at three hospitals in Iraq, designated as Hospital A, Hospital B, and Hospital C. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the present energy consumption, propose relevant active energy efficiency strategies and to evaluate thermal comfort among these Iraqi hospitals. The energy efficiency study includes walk-through and detailed energy audit while the thermal comfort study involves quantitative and qualitative measurements. From the energy audits, it was found that the average electricity consumed annually from 2016 to 2018 were 19,574,967 kWh, 12,100,426 kWh, and 4,317,093 kWh for Hospitals A, B, and C respectively with a corresponding building energy index (BEI) of 532, 484 and 260 kWh/m2/year. The energy consumption by the air conditioning system was between 62% to 65% for these hospitals, followed by lighting system consuming 17% and plug-loads at about 20%. The ambient temperature and the hospitals’-built area were found to be major factors affecting energy use. The proposals for energy efficiency result in potential energy savings of 16%, 15% and 12% for HVAC system and 14% to 21% for lighting system and plug-load for these hospitals. As for the thermal comfort study, the predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfaction (PPD) were evaluated based on ASHRAE Standard at 60 locations in the hospitals. A good relationship between predicted mean vote (PMV) and thermal sensation vote (TSV) was observed, with correlation coefficient, R2 of 0.69 from the linear regression analysis. It was also found that many slightly cooler than the acceptable thermal comfort range, indicating opportunities for energy efficiency in line with the proposed strategies. 2023-03 Thesis http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10820/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10820/1/24p%20ANWER%20ABDULHUSSEIN%20GATEA.pdf text en public http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10820/2/ANWER%20ABDULHUSSEIN%20GATEA%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf text en staffonly http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10820/3/ANWER%20ABDULHUSSEIN%20GATEA%20WATERMARK.pdf text en validuser phd doctoral Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan
institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
collection	UTHM Institutional Repository
language	English English English
topic	T Technology (General)
spellingShingle	T Technology (General) Gatea, Anwer Abdulhussein Energy efficiency and thermal comfort: a case study in Iraqi Government Hospitals
description	One of the largest energy consumers in the building sector are hospitals. In hospitals, many buildings tend to operate 24-hours daily throughout the year, among them are the wards, operation theatre and emergency department and hence require a balance between energy efficiency and thermal comfort among its occupants. The present work is a pioneering case study on energy efficiency and thermal comfort carried out at three hospitals in Iraq, designated as Hospital A, Hospital B, and Hospital C. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the present energy consumption, propose relevant active energy efficiency strategies and to evaluate thermal comfort among these Iraqi hospitals. The energy efficiency study includes walk-through and detailed energy audit while the thermal comfort study involves quantitative and qualitative measurements. From the energy audits, it was found that the average electricity consumed annually from 2016 to 2018 were 19,574,967 kWh, 12,100,426 kWh, and 4,317,093 kWh for Hospitals A, B, and C respectively with a corresponding building energy index (BEI) of 532, 484 and 260 kWh/m2/year. The energy consumption by the air conditioning system was between 62% to 65% for these hospitals, followed by lighting system consuming 17% and plug-loads at about 20%. The ambient temperature and the hospitals’-built area were found to be major factors affecting energy use. The proposals for energy efficiency result in potential energy savings of 16%, 15% and 12% for HVAC system and 14% to 21% for lighting system and plug-load for these hospitals. As for the thermal comfort study, the predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfaction (PPD) were evaluated based on ASHRAE Standard at 60 locations in the hospitals. A good relationship between predicted mean vote (PMV) and thermal sensation vote (TSV) was observed, with correlation coefficient, R2 of 0.69 from the linear regression analysis. It was also found that many slightly cooler than the acceptable thermal comfort range, indicating opportunities for energy efficiency in line with the proposed strategies.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Gatea, Anwer Abdulhussein
author_facet	Gatea, Anwer Abdulhussein
author_sort	Gatea, Anwer Abdulhussein
title	Energy efficiency and thermal comfort: a case study in Iraqi Government Hospitals
title_short	Energy efficiency and thermal comfort: a case study in Iraqi Government Hospitals
title_full	Energy efficiency and thermal comfort: a case study in Iraqi Government Hospitals
title_fullStr	Energy efficiency and thermal comfort: a case study in Iraqi Government Hospitals
title_full_unstemmed	Energy efficiency and thermal comfort: a case study in Iraqi Government Hospitals
title_sort	energy efficiency and thermal comfort: a case study in iraqi government hospitals
granting_institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
granting_department	Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan
publishDate	2023
url	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10820/1/24p%20ANWER%20ABDULHUSSEIN%20GATEA.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10820/2/ANWER%20ABDULHUSSEIN%20GATEA%20COPYRIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/10820/3/ANWER%20ABDULHUSSEIN%20GATEA%20WATERMARK.pdf
_version_	1804890120573157376

Energy efficiency and thermal comfort: a case study in Iraqi Government Hospitals

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