Development and evaluation of linerboard made from soda-anthraquinone treated coconut coir fiber for protective packaging

This research aimed to develop a linerboard made from coconut coir fiber (acts as a reinforcing fiber) blended with old corrugated container (OCC)/ dry strength agent (DSA) with high burst and ring crush strength properties. This newly developed linerboard would be an alternative source of commercia...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Main, Nor Mazlana
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2018
Subjects:	TA401-492 Materials of engineering and construction Mechanics of materials
Online Access:	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/707/1/24p%20NOR%20MAZLANA%20MAIN.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-uthm-ep.707
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-uthm-ep.7072021-08-30T07:18:02Z Development and evaluation of linerboard made from soda-anthraquinone treated coconut coir fiber for protective packaging 2018-02 Main, Nor Mazlana TA401-492 Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials This research aimed to develop a linerboard made from coconut coir fiber (acts as a reinforcing fiber) blended with old corrugated container (OCC)/ dry strength agent (DSA) with high burst and ring crush strength properties. This newly developed linerboard would be an alternative source of commercial Malaysian packaging material containing DSA, OCC and industrial long fiber (ILF). Fiber characterization, soda-AQ pulping optimization, mechanical treatment (beating) and blending process of the coir fiber were investigated to optimize the characteristics of this linerboard. The coir fibers were characterized using chemical and morphological analyses, to assess the fiber’s potential for the production of pulp and paper. Chemical analysis was performed according to Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) Standards, while the morphological properties were measured using a Quantimeter image analyzer. From the fiber characterization, it was found that; the chemical composition of fiber was suitable for a pulping process; the fiber was short fiber with an average length of 0.84 ± 0.17 mm; and the fiber had a thin wall dimension, offering better fiber bonding during the papermaking process. Soda-AQ pulping was optimized from nine (9) runs of the experiment. The condition of 18% active alkali (AA) and 1.5 hrs cooking time was chosen for mechanical treatment (beating). This condition had provided the highest screened yield (48.99%), a low reject yield (0.27%), high viscosity (11.73 cP), and the preferred Kappa number (41), which were acceptable for unbleached linerboard production. Since beating treatment could strengthen the coir pulp, evaluation at various revolutions (1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000) was carried out. The optimum beating revolution was obtained from the intersection between freeness and burst index; which was at 2000 revolutions. By using this revolution, the burst index of 4.57 kPa.m2/g and ring crush index of 1.76 Nm2/g was obtained. The optimum beating revolution was further used in the blending process. Before linerboard production, the preferred DSA was determined, which was amphoteric polyacrylamide (aPAM) with 1.5% dosage. Series of blends containing coir, aPAM, ILF and OCC were formulated. It was observed that the blending ratio of 10/90/1.5 (coir/OCC/aPAM) was the ideal ratio and chosen as selected formulation. This selection was made based on the values of burst index (3.37 kPa.m2/g) and ring crush index (1.90 Nm2/g), which fulfilled the minimum requirement by the Malaysian industrial linerboard. After the fabrication of the corrugated board using 10/90/1.5 (coir/OCC/aPAM) linerboard and commercial flute, the cushioning performance was assessed using a stress-energy method. The effectiveness of this new corrugated board was attained from the minimum G values (fragility product) and dynamic cushion curves. The results showed that this new corrugated board was comparable with the commercial corrugated board. As for the conclusion, with the fiber characterization, soda-AQ pulping and mechanical treatment (beating) optimization, with the consideration of the blending process effects, it was recommended that the used of 10/90/1.5 (Coir/OCC/DSA) linerboard be suitable for the additional component of corrugated board. This alternative linerboard has high potential to be used in container production for protective packaging application. In addition, the used of coir fiber as short fiber in the blending process may replace the using of imported long fiber as commonly used in Malaysian industrial linerboard. 2018-02 Thesis http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/707/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/707/1/24p%20NOR%20MAZLANA%20MAIN.pdf text en public phd doctoral Universiti Putra Malaysia Sekolah Pengajian Siswazah
institution	Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
collection	UTHM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TA401-492 Materials of engineering and construction Mechanics of materials
spellingShingle	TA401-492 Materials of engineering and construction Mechanics of materials Main, Nor Mazlana Development and evaluation of linerboard made from soda-anthraquinone treated coconut coir fiber for protective packaging
description	This research aimed to develop a linerboard made from coconut coir fiber (acts as a reinforcing fiber) blended with old corrugated container (OCC)/ dry strength agent (DSA) with high burst and ring crush strength properties. This newly developed linerboard would be an alternative source of commercial Malaysian packaging material containing DSA, OCC and industrial long fiber (ILF). Fiber characterization, soda-AQ pulping optimization, mechanical treatment (beating) and blending process of the coir fiber were investigated to optimize the characteristics of this linerboard. The coir fibers were characterized using chemical and morphological analyses, to assess the fiber’s potential for the production of pulp and paper. Chemical analysis was performed according to Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) Standards, while the morphological properties were measured using a Quantimeter image analyzer. From the fiber characterization, it was found that; the chemical composition of fiber was suitable for a pulping process; the fiber was short fiber with an average length of 0.84 ± 0.17 mm; and the fiber had a thin wall dimension, offering better fiber bonding during the papermaking process. Soda-AQ pulping was optimized from nine (9) runs of the experiment. The condition of 18% active alkali (AA) and 1.5 hrs cooking time was chosen for mechanical treatment (beating). This condition had provided the highest screened yield (48.99%), a low reject yield (0.27%), high viscosity (11.73 cP), and the preferred Kappa number (41), which were acceptable for unbleached linerboard production. Since beating treatment could strengthen the coir pulp, evaluation at various revolutions (1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000) was carried out. The optimum beating revolution was obtained from the intersection between freeness and burst index; which was at 2000 revolutions. By using this revolution, the burst index of 4.57 kPa.m2/g and ring crush index of 1.76 Nm2/g was obtained. The optimum beating revolution was further used in the blending process. Before linerboard production, the preferred DSA was determined, which was amphoteric polyacrylamide (aPAM) with 1.5% dosage. Series of blends containing coir, aPAM, ILF and OCC were formulated. It was observed that the blending ratio of 10/90/1.5 (coir/OCC/aPAM) was the ideal ratio and chosen as selected formulation. This selection was made based on the values of burst index (3.37 kPa.m2/g) and ring crush index (1.90 Nm2/g), which fulfilled the minimum requirement by the Malaysian industrial linerboard. After the fabrication of the corrugated board using 10/90/1.5 (coir/OCC/aPAM) linerboard and commercial flute, the cushioning performance was assessed using a stress-energy method. The effectiveness of this new corrugated board was attained from the minimum G values (fragility product) and dynamic cushion curves. The results showed that this new corrugated board was comparable with the commercial corrugated board. As for the conclusion, with the fiber characterization, soda-AQ pulping and mechanical treatment (beating) optimization, with the consideration of the blending process effects, it was recommended that the used of 10/90/1.5 (Coir/OCC/DSA) linerboard be suitable for the additional component of corrugated board. This alternative linerboard has high potential to be used in container production for protective packaging application. In addition, the used of coir fiber as short fiber in the blending process may replace the using of imported long fiber as commonly used in Malaysian industrial linerboard.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Main, Nor Mazlana
author_facet	Main, Nor Mazlana
author_sort	Main, Nor Mazlana
title	Development and evaluation of linerboard made from soda-anthraquinone treated coconut coir fiber for protective packaging
title_short	Development and evaluation of linerboard made from soda-anthraquinone treated coconut coir fiber for protective packaging
title_full	Development and evaluation of linerboard made from soda-anthraquinone treated coconut coir fiber for protective packaging
title_fullStr	Development and evaluation of linerboard made from soda-anthraquinone treated coconut coir fiber for protective packaging
title_full_unstemmed	Development and evaluation of linerboard made from soda-anthraquinone treated coconut coir fiber for protective packaging
title_sort	development and evaluation of linerboard made from soda-anthraquinone treated coconut coir fiber for protective packaging
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
granting_department	Sekolah Pengajian Siswazah
publishDate	2018
url	http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/707/1/24p%20NOR%20MAZLANA%20MAIN.pdf
_version_	1747830665866379264

Development and evaluation of linerboard made from soda-anthraquinone treated coconut coir fiber for protective packaging

Similar Items