Modeling of electromagnetic wave penetration in a human head due to emissions from cellular phone
Nowadays, cellular phone becomes a necessity for human being due to its mobility, small size and useful applications provided in the chip. In a long term use, the user will be exposed to the high frequency EM radiation that possibly causes serious illnesses such as alzheimer and brain cancer. Inc...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English English |
| Published: |
2007
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/7100/1/24p%20NURULHUDA%20ISMAIL.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/7100/2/NURULHUDA%20ISMAIL%20COPYIGHT%20DECLARATION.pdf http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/7100/3/NURULHUDA%20ISMAIL%20WATERMARK.pdf |
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| Summary: | Nowadays, cellular phone becomes a necessity for human being due to its
mobility, small size and useful applications provided in the chip. In a long term use,
the user will be exposed to the high frequency EM radiation that possibly causes
serious illnesses such as alzheimer and brain cancer. Increasing exposure from this
radiation is a growing concern for the community to investigate the effects of the
emissions to human health. While cellular phone is in used, the energy is transferred
from the applied electric field to the human head in the form of kinetic energy of
charged particles. The rate of change of the energy transferred is called the absorbed
power or Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). SAR values are of key importance when
validating possible health hazard and these values are compared with a safety limit
set by International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, ICNIRP to
ensure that the phone is safe to use. In this study, Finite Difference Frequency
Domain (FDFD) technique was used to evaluate the electric field and SAR
distribution in a human head due to the emissions from cellular phone that operates
at 900 MHz. The numerical results were compared with the CST Microwave Studio
software which is based on FDTD method. The results demonstrated that FDFD is
not an efficient method to evaluate E field and SAR due to its limitation and
imperfect boundary condition. On the other hand, the CST Microwave Studio results
show that magnitude of EM field decreases exponentially with the penetration
distance at a rate specified by the attenuation constant, a. Besides, the SAR is
affected by operational frequency of the phone and the electrical properties of
human head. Since FDFD technique can work only for 2D models, it is
recommended that a fast and efficient numerical technique need to be studied for 3D
human head model and an experimental technique on SAR distribution needs to be
done to validate the results from simulation technique. |
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