Computational thinking problem framing artefacts in design science research methodology for Malaysian small and medium enterprises

Computational thinking (CT) is a fundamental skill for the 21st century and can be learned by anyone. However, there are very few studies on how CT can be used to solve real-world problems. In line with the need to understand and solve the problem, the research is based on Design Science Research Me...

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Main Author:	Nuar, Ahmad Najmi Amerhaider
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2022
Subjects:	QA75 Electronic computers Computer science
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101470/1/AhmadNajmiAmerhaiderNuarPFS2022.pdf
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id	my-utm-ep.101470
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spelling	my-utm-ep.1014702023-06-21T09:50:07Z Computational thinking problem framing artefacts in design science research methodology for Malaysian small and medium enterprises 2022 Nuar, Ahmad Najmi Amerhaider QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science Computational thinking (CT) is a fundamental skill for the 21st century and can be learned by anyone. However, there are very few studies on how CT can be used to solve real-world problems. In line with the need to understand and solve the problem, the research is based on Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) to guide the design process, where the artefact's development is the research's main outcome. It started with an interview conducted with the key informant involved in the Public-Private Research Network (PPRN) workshop, where the researcher wanted to test the applicability of CT to solve a real problem. The purpose of the interview was to find out how CT could be applied to the problems of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). During the interview, the key informant explained that SMEs understood their problems well but could not frame them and were totally dependent on facilitators' help. This was because some SMEs lack problem framing skills, which are crucial for clarifying and expressing their main problem. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop artefacts that would enable small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to formulate the problem and develop solutions that focused on process innovation. The first artefact involved the development of a method that focused on the internal process between CT and the Work System Method (WSM). The second artefact was an instantiation presented in the form of a guidebook. Therefore, to build the artefacts, the researcher adapted the DSRM by identifying the CT elements and processes that could be used in the artefacts, merging them with the WSM and adapting the Work System Snapshot (WSS) as the basis for presenting the results of these artefacts. Meanwhile, Situational Method Engineering (SMEng) was used to develop the attributes and elements of the artefacts. The method was evaluated by experts, who were CT experts and academics. Meanwhile, two exploratory focus group studies (EFG) and two confirmatory focus group studies (CFG) were conducted with nine SMEs from different food industries to test the applicability of the guidebook. As a result, this study contributed to the improvement of DSRM, where the researcher has improved the phases of problem identification and motivation, objectives of the solution, design and development, demonstration and evaluation. Each phase was outlined with methods and processes within each iteration to ensure a rigorous development and evaluation process for the artefacts. The main outcome of this research is the development of a guidebook based on the CT problem framing process in DSRM that can be used by SMEs to find new solutions and ways to innovate their business processes. 2022 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101470/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101470/1/AhmadNajmiAmerhaiderNuarPFS2022.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:150637 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Engineering - School of Computing
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	QA75 Electronic computers Computer science
spellingShingle	QA75 Electronic computers Computer science Nuar, Ahmad Najmi Amerhaider Computational thinking problem framing artefacts in design science research methodology for Malaysian small and medium enterprises
description	Computational thinking (CT) is a fundamental skill for the 21st century and can be learned by anyone. However, there are very few studies on how CT can be used to solve real-world problems. In line with the need to understand and solve the problem, the research is based on Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) to guide the design process, where the artefact's development is the research's main outcome. It started with an interview conducted with the key informant involved in the Public-Private Research Network (PPRN) workshop, where the researcher wanted to test the applicability of CT to solve a real problem. The purpose of the interview was to find out how CT could be applied to the problems of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). During the interview, the key informant explained that SMEs understood their problems well but could not frame them and were totally dependent on facilitators' help. This was because some SMEs lack problem framing skills, which are crucial for clarifying and expressing their main problem. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop artefacts that would enable small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to formulate the problem and develop solutions that focused on process innovation. The first artefact involved the development of a method that focused on the internal process between CT and the Work System Method (WSM). The second artefact was an instantiation presented in the form of a guidebook. Therefore, to build the artefacts, the researcher adapted the DSRM by identifying the CT elements and processes that could be used in the artefacts, merging them with the WSM and adapting the Work System Snapshot (WSS) as the basis for presenting the results of these artefacts. Meanwhile, Situational Method Engineering (SMEng) was used to develop the attributes and elements of the artefacts. The method was evaluated by experts, who were CT experts and academics. Meanwhile, two exploratory focus group studies (EFG) and two confirmatory focus group studies (CFG) were conducted with nine SMEs from different food industries to test the applicability of the guidebook. As a result, this study contributed to the improvement of DSRM, where the researcher has improved the phases of problem identification and motivation, objectives of the solution, design and development, demonstration and evaluation. Each phase was outlined with methods and processes within each iteration to ensure a rigorous development and evaluation process for the artefacts. The main outcome of this research is the development of a guidebook based on the CT problem framing process in DSRM that can be used by SMEs to find new solutions and ways to innovate their business processes.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Nuar, Ahmad Najmi Amerhaider
author_facet	Nuar, Ahmad Najmi Amerhaider
author_sort	Nuar, Ahmad Najmi Amerhaider
title	Computational thinking problem framing artefacts in design science research methodology for Malaysian small and medium enterprises
title_short	Computational thinking problem framing artefacts in design science research methodology for Malaysian small and medium enterprises
title_full	Computational thinking problem framing artefacts in design science research methodology for Malaysian small and medium enterprises
title_fullStr	Computational thinking problem framing artefacts in design science research methodology for Malaysian small and medium enterprises
title_full_unstemmed	Computational thinking problem framing artefacts in design science research methodology for Malaysian small and medium enterprises
title_sort	computational thinking problem framing artefacts in design science research methodology for malaysian small and medium enterprises
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Engineering - School of Computing
publishDate	2022
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101470/1/AhmadNajmiAmerhaiderNuarPFS2022.pdf
_version_	1776100705796358144

Computational thinking problem framing artefacts in design science research methodology for Malaysian small and medium enterprises

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