Biodiesel from palm waste cooking using immobilized lipase in modified PVA-alginate sulfate beads

Malaysia is currently the world’s second largest palm oil producer, which accounts for 39% of world palm oil production. About 0.5 million tonnes of waste cooking oil is generated annually in Malaysia. Improper disposal of waste cooking oil leads to the environmental pollution particularly in land a...

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Main Author:	Hasan, Nor Badzilah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2021
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101878/1/NorBadzilaHusinPFS2021PFS2021.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.1018782023-07-22T02:58:46Z Biodiesel from palm waste cooking using immobilized lipase in modified PVA-alginate sulfate beads 2021 Hasan, Nor Badzilah QD Chemistry Malaysia is currently the world’s second largest palm oil producer, which accounts for 39% of world palm oil production. About 0.5 million tonnes of waste cooking oil is generated annually in Malaysia. Improper disposal of waste cooking oil leads to the environmental pollution particularly in land and water. To overcome these problems, this study aimed to use palm waste cooking oil as a feedstock to produce biodiesel as an alternative to the limited and non-renewable sources of conventional petroleum. Apart from that, utilization of lipase as biocatalyst to produce biodiesel has advantages over chemical catalyst as the reaction can be performed under mild conditions and simple separation process. This study investigated the production of biodiesel from palm waste cooking oil using immobilized Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) in Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) alginate sulfate beads. The One-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method was used in order to select a suitable range of variables before statistical analysis was performed. The Design-Expert software was used as a statistical tool to operate Central Composite Design (CCD) for optimization of significant factors. The statistical analysis was used in order to achieve maximum biodiesel production and evaluate the effect of each variable and their interaction of biodiesel yield. Four main parameters responsible for the yield of transesterification were analyzed; waste cooking oil (WCO) to methanol ratio, temperature, water content and enzyme content. The experimental results showed that the highest conversion was 85.14% under condition oil to methanol ratio 7:1, 10% of water content, 40% wt of enzyme loading and temperature 37.5ºC. The regression model of the ANOVA was found to be significant with p<0.001 and R2= 0.9737. As a conclusion, the results proved that the immobilization method of C. rugosa lipase in PVA-alginate-sulfate beads is reliable and can enhance conversion of palm waste cooking oil to biodiesel. 2021 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101878/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101878/1/NorBadzilaHusinPFS2021PFS2021.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:146057 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Science
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry Hasan, Nor Badzilah Biodiesel from palm waste cooking using immobilized lipase in modified PVA-alginate sulfate beads
description	Malaysia is currently the world’s second largest palm oil producer, which accounts for 39% of world palm oil production. About 0.5 million tonnes of waste cooking oil is generated annually in Malaysia. Improper disposal of waste cooking oil leads to the environmental pollution particularly in land and water. To overcome these problems, this study aimed to use palm waste cooking oil as a feedstock to produce biodiesel as an alternative to the limited and non-renewable sources of conventional petroleum. Apart from that, utilization of lipase as biocatalyst to produce biodiesel has advantages over chemical catalyst as the reaction can be performed under mild conditions and simple separation process. This study investigated the production of biodiesel from palm waste cooking oil using immobilized Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) in Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) alginate sulfate beads. The One-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method was used in order to select a suitable range of variables before statistical analysis was performed. The Design-Expert software was used as a statistical tool to operate Central Composite Design (CCD) for optimization of significant factors. The statistical analysis was used in order to achieve maximum biodiesel production and evaluate the effect of each variable and their interaction of biodiesel yield. Four main parameters responsible for the yield of transesterification were analyzed; waste cooking oil (WCO) to methanol ratio, temperature, water content and enzyme content. The experimental results showed that the highest conversion was 85.14% under condition oil to methanol ratio 7:1, 10% of water content, 40% wt of enzyme loading and temperature 37.5ºC. The regression model of the ANOVA was found to be significant with p<0.001 and R2= 0.9737. As a conclusion, the results proved that the immobilization method of C. rugosa lipase in PVA-alginate-sulfate beads is reliable and can enhance conversion of palm waste cooking oil to biodiesel.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Hasan, Nor Badzilah
author_facet	Hasan, Nor Badzilah
author_sort	Hasan, Nor Badzilah
title	Biodiesel from palm waste cooking using immobilized lipase in modified PVA-alginate sulfate beads
title_short	Biodiesel from palm waste cooking using immobilized lipase in modified PVA-alginate sulfate beads
title_full	Biodiesel from palm waste cooking using immobilized lipase in modified PVA-alginate sulfate beads
title_fullStr	Biodiesel from palm waste cooking using immobilized lipase in modified PVA-alginate sulfate beads
title_full_unstemmed	Biodiesel from palm waste cooking using immobilized lipase in modified PVA-alginate sulfate beads
title_sort	biodiesel from palm waste cooking using immobilized lipase in modified pva-alginate sulfate beads
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Science
publishDate	2021
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/101878/1/NorBadzilaHusinPFS2021PFS2021.pdf
_version_	1776100793312608256

Biodiesel from palm waste cooking using immobilized lipase in modified PVA-alginate sulfate beads

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