Analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique

Trihalomethanes (THMs) in treated water are formed when natural organic matter (NOM) reacts with chlorine, which is used as a disinfectant agent. Although the chlorination of drinking water provides many advantages, THMs remain a human health concern. High levels of the THMs in water leads to the po...

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Main Author:	Mechor, Widyaratih Hafizah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2011
Subjects:	TD Environmental technology Sanitary engineering
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/36561/1/WidyaratihHafizahMechorMFS2011.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.365612020-02-11T07:35:23Z Analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique 2011-12 Mechor, Widyaratih Hafizah TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Trihalomethanes (THMs) in treated water are formed when natural organic matter (NOM) reacts with chlorine, which is used as a disinfectant agent. Although the chlorination of drinking water provides many advantages, THMs remain a human health concern. High levels of the THMs in water leads to the possible carcinogenic effects which effect human health seriously. A new extraction technique named dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was developed and applied for the determination of the formation of THMs in treated water. Different experimental conditions, for instance type and volume of disperser solvent, type and volume of extraction solvent, addition of salt and extraction time were investigated to obtain the optimum extraction conditions. In this method, the appropriate mixture of an extraction solvent (20.00 µL carbon disulfide) and disperser solvent (0.25 mL methanol) was injected in 5.00 mL aqueous sample containing the analytes to form a cloudy solution. The analytes were separated and enriched in a settled phase by centrifugation for 2 min at 4,000 rpm. Settled phase formed was determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). The repeatability and reproducibility of DLLME-GC-ECD were found to range between 1.1% to 11.4% and 3.4% to 10.9% respectively. Good correlation coefficient, R2 more than 0.9977 were obtained for all THMs compound. The LODs for all THMs compound ranged from 0.011 µg/L to 0.239 µg/L, whereas the enrichment factor (EF) obtained were found in the range of 95 to 283. DLLME-GC-ECD was found to be rapid and simple method which offered better sensitivity and high efficiency compared to conventional method, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The method was applied for analysis of total THM formation potential (TTHMFP) in river water. From the monitoring conducted during rainfall season at Batu Pahat, Johor Malaysia, it can be concluded that TTHMFP in Malaysian river waters especially at Johor area are still under the limits of 80 µg/L. 2011-12 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/36561/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/36561/1/WidyaratihHafizahMechorMFS2011.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science Faculty of Science
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TD Environmental technology Sanitary engineering
spellingShingle	TD Environmental technology Sanitary engineering Mechor, Widyaratih Hafizah Analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique
description	Trihalomethanes (THMs) in treated water are formed when natural organic matter (NOM) reacts with chlorine, which is used as a disinfectant agent. Although the chlorination of drinking water provides many advantages, THMs remain a human health concern. High levels of the THMs in water leads to the possible carcinogenic effects which effect human health seriously. A new extraction technique named dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was developed and applied for the determination of the formation of THMs in treated water. Different experimental conditions, for instance type and volume of disperser solvent, type and volume of extraction solvent, addition of salt and extraction time were investigated to obtain the optimum extraction conditions. In this method, the appropriate mixture of an extraction solvent (20.00 µL carbon disulfide) and disperser solvent (0.25 mL methanol) was injected in 5.00 mL aqueous sample containing the analytes to form a cloudy solution. The analytes were separated and enriched in a settled phase by centrifugation for 2 min at 4,000 rpm. Settled phase formed was determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). The repeatability and reproducibility of DLLME-GC-ECD were found to range between 1.1% to 11.4% and 3.4% to 10.9% respectively. Good correlation coefficient, R2 more than 0.9977 were obtained for all THMs compound. The LODs for all THMs compound ranged from 0.011 µg/L to 0.239 µg/L, whereas the enrichment factor (EF) obtained were found in the range of 95 to 283. DLLME-GC-ECD was found to be rapid and simple method which offered better sensitivity and high efficiency compared to conventional method, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The method was applied for analysis of total THM formation potential (TTHMFP) in river water. From the monitoring conducted during rainfall season at Batu Pahat, Johor Malaysia, it can be concluded that TTHMFP in Malaysian river waters especially at Johor area are still under the limits of 80 µg/L.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mechor, Widyaratih Hafizah
author_facet	Mechor, Widyaratih Hafizah
author_sort	Mechor, Widyaratih Hafizah
title	Analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique
title_short	Analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique
title_full	Analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique
title_fullStr	Analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique
title_full_unstemmed	Analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique
title_sort	analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Science
granting_department	Faculty of Science
publishDate	2011
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/36561/1/WidyaratihHafizahMechorMFS2011.pdf
_version_	1747816434328666112

Analysis of trihalomethane formation potential in river water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique

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