Rigid polyurethane-palm oil based polyol/kenaf fibre biocomposite foam

Economic and environmental issues have driven the use of palm oil based polyol (PO-p) to replace petrochemical-based polyol as one of the components in polyurethane (PU) foam’s production. PO-p was reacted with polymeric 4, 4 – diphenylmethane diisocyanate (p-MDI) in the presence of silicone surfact...

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Main Author:	Md. Akhir, Farhana Shakira
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77651/1/FarhanaShakiraMdMFChE20171.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.776512018-06-26T07:37:31Z Rigid polyurethane-palm oil based polyol/kenaf fibre biocomposite foam 2017-02 Md. Akhir, Farhana Shakira TP Chemical technology Economic and environmental issues have driven the use of palm oil based polyol (PO-p) to replace petrochemical-based polyol as one of the components in polyurethane (PU) foam’s production. PO-p was reacted with polymeric 4, 4 – diphenylmethane diisocyanate (p-MDI) in the presence of silicone surfactant as a foam stabiliser and distilled water as a blowing agent to produce rigid PU foam. The PU/POp- based foam has good compression strength but moderate thermal stability. The benefits offered by the polymer-natural fiber blend had triggered the idea to incorporate kenaf fiber as filler in PU foam. Few reaction parameter were varied such as the amounts of surfactant (1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.25 and 2.5 pphp), fiber sizes (150-300 μm and 300-500 μm) and fiber contents (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 wt. %). Their effects towards the foam properties and morphology were studied. The wavebands detected at 3300 cm-1, 1710 cm-1 and 1500 cm-1 by Fourier transform infrared confirmed the formation of urethane linkages in all samples. The addition of silicone surfactant as foam stabiliser at 2.0 pphp, imparted good thermal stability, regular cell shape and size with fewer voids, higher compressive strength, and moderate biodegradability when compared to the control sample. Meanwhile, by varying the fiber size, it was found that sample with bigger fiber size (300 – 500 μm) showed two apparent peaks i.e. hydrogen bonded –OH/–NH2 at 3300 cm-1 and free –OH/–NH at 3600 cm-1. The presence of many hydrogen bonded molecules contributed to the increase of thermal stability, smaller cell size, higher compression strength, and density, as well as the slowest fungi growth rate. Apart from that, the effects of various fiber loadings on the samples had revealed that 7.5 pphp was the best amount that gave the highest compression strength (0.89 MPa) and density (0.117 g/cm3) with the smallest cell size. The sample also exhibited the fastest fungi growth rate, as well as higher percentage of biodegradability. 2017-02 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77651/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77651/1/FarhanaShakiraMdMFChE20171.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:105160 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Md. Akhir, Farhana Shakira Rigid polyurethane-palm oil based polyol/kenaf fibre biocomposite foam
description	Economic and environmental issues have driven the use of palm oil based polyol (PO-p) to replace petrochemical-based polyol as one of the components in polyurethane (PU) foam’s production. PO-p was reacted with polymeric 4, 4 – diphenylmethane diisocyanate (p-MDI) in the presence of silicone surfactant as a foam stabiliser and distilled water as a blowing agent to produce rigid PU foam. The PU/POp- based foam has good compression strength but moderate thermal stability. The benefits offered by the polymer-natural fiber blend had triggered the idea to incorporate kenaf fiber as filler in PU foam. Few reaction parameter were varied such as the amounts of surfactant (1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.25 and 2.5 pphp), fiber sizes (150-300 μm and 300-500 μm) and fiber contents (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 wt. %). Their effects towards the foam properties and morphology were studied. The wavebands detected at 3300 cm-1, 1710 cm-1 and 1500 cm-1 by Fourier transform infrared confirmed the formation of urethane linkages in all samples. The addition of silicone surfactant as foam stabiliser at 2.0 pphp, imparted good thermal stability, regular cell shape and size with fewer voids, higher compressive strength, and moderate biodegradability when compared to the control sample. Meanwhile, by varying the fiber size, it was found that sample with bigger fiber size (300 – 500 μm) showed two apparent peaks i.e. hydrogen bonded –OH/–NH2 at 3300 cm-1 and free –OH/–NH at 3600 cm-1. The presence of many hydrogen bonded molecules contributed to the increase of thermal stability, smaller cell size, higher compression strength, and density, as well as the slowest fungi growth rate. Apart from that, the effects of various fiber loadings on the samples had revealed that 7.5 pphp was the best amount that gave the highest compression strength (0.89 MPa) and density (0.117 g/cm3) with the smallest cell size. The sample also exhibited the fastest fungi growth rate, as well as higher percentage of biodegradability.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Md. Akhir, Farhana Shakira
author_facet	Md. Akhir, Farhana Shakira
author_sort	Md. Akhir, Farhana Shakira
title	Rigid polyurethane-palm oil based polyol/kenaf fibre biocomposite foam
title_short	Rigid polyurethane-palm oil based polyol/kenaf fibre biocomposite foam
title_full	Rigid polyurethane-palm oil based polyol/kenaf fibre biocomposite foam
title_fullStr	Rigid polyurethane-palm oil based polyol/kenaf fibre biocomposite foam
title_full_unstemmed	Rigid polyurethane-palm oil based polyol/kenaf fibre biocomposite foam
title_sort	rigid polyurethane-palm oil based polyol/kenaf fibre biocomposite foam
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering
publishDate	2017
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77651/1/FarhanaShakiraMdMFChE20171.pdf
_version_	1747817799350222848

Rigid polyurethane-palm oil based polyol/kenaf fibre biocomposite foam

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