Modeling sewer overflow of Karbala city with large floating population

The sewer systems of many historical or religious cities are not well associated with present needs. Sudden influx of huge floating population during sacred or festival periods places tremendous pressure on utility services including the sewer system in such cities. Sewer overflow, inundation of roa...

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Main Author:	Obaid, Hussein Abed
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77667/1/HusseinAbedObaidPFKA2015.pdf
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id	my-utm-ep.77667
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spelling	my-utm-ep.776672018-06-26T07:50:02Z Modeling sewer overflow of Karbala city with large floating population 2015-12 Obaid, Hussein Abed TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) The sewer systems of many historical or religious cities are not well associated with present needs. Sudden influx of huge floating population during sacred or festival periods places tremendous pressure on utility services including the sewer system in such cities. Sewer overflow, inundation of roads, environmental degradation, and consequent epidemics are very common during such gatherings. Modeling of sewer quantity and quality with varying population is, therefore, very important for cities with a large floating population in order to mitigate the problem. The major objective of this study is to develop a model to assess the impacts of floating population on sewer systems during pilgrimage, in order to proffer necessary mitigation measures. The Karbala city of Iraq was chosen as a case study in the present research. Statistical and physically based models such as Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were used for this purpose. The model outputs were analyzed to assess possible changes in sewer discharge and quality in the context of increasing population. Different adaptation measures were also assessed and suitable adaptation measures were identified for mitigating the impacts. The results showed that sewer flow in Karbala city typically increased in the range of 0.009492-0.0144 m3/s for every population rise of one thousand, measured at 95% confidence interval. On the other hand, the concentrations of total suspended solid (TSS) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) increased by 26-46 mg/L and 9-19 mg/L, respectively at 95% confidence interval, for every 1mm increase in rainfall. BOD5 was also found to increase by 4-17 mg/L for every ten thousand increase in population. The temporal and spatial modeling of sewer overflow shows that it mostly happens during prayer times and in the upstream area, as the sewer system in the region is incapable of carry in a huge inflow of sewer during those periods. The assessment of different technical measures revealed that pipe-jacking system is the most suitable approach in Karbala city for reducing sewer overflow by up to 70%, if properly installed and managed. 2015-12 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77667/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77667/1/HusseinAbedObaidPFKA2015.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:95519 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General)
spellingShingle	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General) Obaid, Hussein Abed Modeling sewer overflow of Karbala city with large floating population
description	The sewer systems of many historical or religious cities are not well associated with present needs. Sudden influx of huge floating population during sacred or festival periods places tremendous pressure on utility services including the sewer system in such cities. Sewer overflow, inundation of roads, environmental degradation, and consequent epidemics are very common during such gatherings. Modeling of sewer quantity and quality with varying population is, therefore, very important for cities with a large floating population in order to mitigate the problem. The major objective of this study is to develop a model to assess the impacts of floating population on sewer systems during pilgrimage, in order to proffer necessary mitigation measures. The Karbala city of Iraq was chosen as a case study in the present research. Statistical and physically based models such as Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were used for this purpose. The model outputs were analyzed to assess possible changes in sewer discharge and quality in the context of increasing population. Different adaptation measures were also assessed and suitable adaptation measures were identified for mitigating the impacts. The results showed that sewer flow in Karbala city typically increased in the range of 0.009492-0.0144 m3/s for every population rise of one thousand, measured at 95% confidence interval. On the other hand, the concentrations of total suspended solid (TSS) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) increased by 26-46 mg/L and 9-19 mg/L, respectively at 95% confidence interval, for every 1mm increase in rainfall. BOD5 was also found to increase by 4-17 mg/L for every ten thousand increase in population. The temporal and spatial modeling of sewer overflow shows that it mostly happens during prayer times and in the upstream area, as the sewer system in the region is incapable of carry in a huge inflow of sewer during those periods. The assessment of different technical measures revealed that pipe-jacking system is the most suitable approach in Karbala city for reducing sewer overflow by up to 70%, if properly installed and managed.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Obaid, Hussein Abed
author_facet	Obaid, Hussein Abed
author_sort	Obaid, Hussein Abed
title	Modeling sewer overflow of Karbala city with large floating population
title_short	Modeling sewer overflow of Karbala city with large floating population
title_full	Modeling sewer overflow of Karbala city with large floating population
title_fullStr	Modeling sewer overflow of Karbala city with large floating population
title_full_unstemmed	Modeling sewer overflow of Karbala city with large floating population
title_sort	modeling sewer overflow of karbala city with large floating population
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Civil Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Civil Engineering
publishDate	2015
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77667/1/HusseinAbedObaidPFKA2015.pdf
_version_	1747817803280285696

Modeling sewer overflow of Karbala city with large floating population

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