Integral mixing using nano silicon for concrete waterproofing

Permeation of water and other aggressive fluids in concrete can result in degradation and other aesthetic problems. Consequently, these affect the service life of concrete structures. A number of research studies were undertaken to extend the service life of concrete infrastructures using various wa...

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Main Author:	Muhammad, Nasiru Zakari
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/79157/1/NasiruZakariMuhammadPFKA2017.pdf
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id	my-utm-ep.79157
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-utm-ep.791572018-09-30T09:04:55Z Integral mixing using nano silicon for concrete waterproofing 2017 Muhammad, Nasiru Zakari TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Permeation of water and other aggressive fluids in concrete can result in degradation and other aesthetic problems. Consequently, these affect the service life of concrete structures. A number of research studies were undertaken to extend the service life of concrete infrastructures using various waterproofing agents. To this effect, a great deal of repair and maintenance cost can be avoided. The aim of this study is to investigate and establish waterproofing performance of nano silicon-based mortar. In this regard, nano silicon was characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), surface zeta potential and Water Contact Angle Test (WCA). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to establish the optimum mix ratio. The relationship between the experimental factors and response was modelled and validity of the model was further evaluated to ensure accurate predictions. To establish precision of the mathematical model, an experiment was planned based on Central Composite Design (CCD). The model was investigated using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Optimum mix ratio, necessary to increase resistance to water absorption was established at nano silicon dosage of 6.6% by weight of cement and w/c of 0.42. Furthermore, an appropriate experimental control test steps for producing waterproof cement mortar was designed. In this regard, necessary test methods from established standards were adopted to constitute supporting structure of the approach. Besides, the results were validated using macro and microstructure tests and indicated that water resistance to capillary absorption of cement mortar increased to 62%. Likewise, water absorption by immersion increased by 37%. Furthermore, resistance to water vapor transmission rate increased to 52%. On the other hand, resistance to gas permeability increased to 31% as compared to reference specimen. Moreover, while the volume of water permeable voids for nano silicon-based mortar was 16.9%, the total porosity of the same specimen was 14%. Macrostructure test indicated a good quality mortar specimen recorded an Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) value of 3623 (m/s). In addition, FESEM and XRD indicated the formation of a crystalline hydrophobic thin film layer of nano silicon within the pore structure of the mortar specimen. In conclusion, the nano silicon-based mortar has been proven to have a good resistance to water permeation. 2017 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/79157/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/79157/1/NasiruZakariMuhammadPFKA2017.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General)
spellingShingle	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General) Muhammad, Nasiru Zakari Integral mixing using nano silicon for concrete waterproofing
description	Permeation of water and other aggressive fluids in concrete can result in degradation and other aesthetic problems. Consequently, these affect the service life of concrete structures. A number of research studies were undertaken to extend the service life of concrete infrastructures using various waterproofing agents. To this effect, a great deal of repair and maintenance cost can be avoided. The aim of this study is to investigate and establish waterproofing performance of nano silicon-based mortar. In this regard, nano silicon was characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), surface zeta potential and Water Contact Angle Test (WCA). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to establish the optimum mix ratio. The relationship between the experimental factors and response was modelled and validity of the model was further evaluated to ensure accurate predictions. To establish precision of the mathematical model, an experiment was planned based on Central Composite Design (CCD). The model was investigated using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Optimum mix ratio, necessary to increase resistance to water absorption was established at nano silicon dosage of 6.6% by weight of cement and w/c of 0.42. Furthermore, an appropriate experimental control test steps for producing waterproof cement mortar was designed. In this regard, necessary test methods from established standards were adopted to constitute supporting structure of the approach. Besides, the results were validated using macro and microstructure tests and indicated that water resistance to capillary absorption of cement mortar increased to 62%. Likewise, water absorption by immersion increased by 37%. Furthermore, resistance to water vapor transmission rate increased to 52%. On the other hand, resistance to gas permeability increased to 31% as compared to reference specimen. Moreover, while the volume of water permeable voids for nano silicon-based mortar was 16.9%, the total porosity of the same specimen was 14%. Macrostructure test indicated a good quality mortar specimen recorded an Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) value of 3623 (m/s). In addition, FESEM and XRD indicated the formation of a crystalline hydrophobic thin film layer of nano silicon within the pore structure of the mortar specimen. In conclusion, the nano silicon-based mortar has been proven to have a good resistance to water permeation.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Muhammad, Nasiru Zakari
author_facet	Muhammad, Nasiru Zakari
author_sort	Muhammad, Nasiru Zakari
title	Integral mixing using nano silicon for concrete waterproofing
title_short	Integral mixing using nano silicon for concrete waterproofing
title_full	Integral mixing using nano silicon for concrete waterproofing
title_fullStr	Integral mixing using nano silicon for concrete waterproofing
title_full_unstemmed	Integral mixing using nano silicon for concrete waterproofing
title_sort	integral mixing using nano silicon for concrete waterproofing
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Civil Engineering
granting_department	Faculty of Civil Engineering
publishDate	2017
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/79157/1/NasiruZakariMuhammadPFKA2017.pdf
_version_	1747818160043589632

Integral mixing using nano silicon for concrete waterproofing

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