Effects of urea-silica precursor ratio in the synthesis of fibrous silica beta zeolite for toluene methylation

Recently, the need to create a versatile toluene methylation catalyst receives a major attention in the production of p-xylene due to its less energy intensive. The current catalyst produced low p-xylene yield due to its strong acidity and large pores. A novel fibrous silica beta zeolite (FSB) was s...

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Main Author:	Mohd. Ghani, Nik Norhanani
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2018
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/81545/1/NikNorhananiMohdMFChE2018.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.815452019-09-10T01:40:35Z Effects of urea-silica precursor ratio in the synthesis of fibrous silica beta zeolite for toluene methylation 2018 Mohd. Ghani, Nik Norhanani TP Chemical technology Recently, the need to create a versatile toluene methylation catalyst receives a major attention in the production of p-xylene due to its less energy intensive. The current catalyst produced low p-xylene yield due to its strong acidity and large pores. A novel fibrous silica beta zeolite (FSB) was successfully prepared by microemulsion assisted with zeolite-seeds crystallization using different urea-silica ratio. The properties of the catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using potassium bromide method and adsorption of 2,6-lutidine. The results indicate that different urea-silica ratio altered the density and perfection of dendrimeric silica fibres, consequently decreased the acidities, surface area and pore volume of the catalysts. Catalytic performance was conducted at 573 - 723 K under atmospheric pressure with a reactant molar ratio of 1. At 673 K, the p-xylene yield was in the following order: 0.5:1-FSB (23.3%) > 1:1-FSB (23.05%) > 1:0.5-FSB (7.59%) > beta (5.79%). Furthermore, the optimization using response surface methodology for 1:1-FSB catalyst demonstrated the reactant molar ratio and temperature as significant parameters with high coefficient of determination (R2 =0.9159). The Weisz-Prater criterion is in the following order: 1:1-FSB > 1:0.5-FSB > 0.5:1-FSB > beta. The employment of the synthesized catalyst in the toluene methylation revealed a remarkable performance, suggesting its potential as a future catalyst in industrial application of toluene methylation and in other chemical processes. 2018 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/81545/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/81545/1/NikNorhananiMohdMFChE2018.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:119464 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Chemical and Energy Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Mohd. Ghani, Nik Norhanani Effects of urea-silica precursor ratio in the synthesis of fibrous silica beta zeolite for toluene methylation
description	Recently, the need to create a versatile toluene methylation catalyst receives a major attention in the production of p-xylene due to its less energy intensive. The current catalyst produced low p-xylene yield due to its strong acidity and large pores. A novel fibrous silica beta zeolite (FSB) was successfully prepared by microemulsion assisted with zeolite-seeds crystallization using different urea-silica ratio. The properties of the catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using potassium bromide method and adsorption of 2,6-lutidine. The results indicate that different urea-silica ratio altered the density and perfection of dendrimeric silica fibres, consequently decreased the acidities, surface area and pore volume of the catalysts. Catalytic performance was conducted at 573 - 723 K under atmospheric pressure with a reactant molar ratio of 1. At 673 K, the p-xylene yield was in the following order: 0.5:1-FSB (23.3%) > 1:1-FSB (23.05%) > 1:0.5-FSB (7.59%) > beta (5.79%). Furthermore, the optimization using response surface methodology for 1:1-FSB catalyst demonstrated the reactant molar ratio and temperature as significant parameters with high coefficient of determination (R2 =0.9159). The Weisz-Prater criterion is in the following order: 1:1-FSB > 1:0.5-FSB > 0.5:1-FSB > beta. The employment of the synthesized catalyst in the toluene methylation revealed a remarkable performance, suggesting its potential as a future catalyst in industrial application of toluene methylation and in other chemical processes.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mohd. Ghani, Nik Norhanani
author_facet	Mohd. Ghani, Nik Norhanani
author_sort	Mohd. Ghani, Nik Norhanani
title	Effects of urea-silica precursor ratio in the synthesis of fibrous silica beta zeolite for toluene methylation
title_short	Effects of urea-silica precursor ratio in the synthesis of fibrous silica beta zeolite for toluene methylation
title_full	Effects of urea-silica precursor ratio in the synthesis of fibrous silica beta zeolite for toluene methylation
title_fullStr	Effects of urea-silica precursor ratio in the synthesis of fibrous silica beta zeolite for toluene methylation
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of urea-silica precursor ratio in the synthesis of fibrous silica beta zeolite for toluene methylation
title_sort	effects of urea-silica precursor ratio in the synthesis of fibrous silica beta zeolite for toluene methylation
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department	Chemical and Energy Engineering
publishDate	2018
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/81545/1/NikNorhananiMohdMFChE2018.pdf
_version_	1747818354661392384

Effects of urea-silica precursor ratio in the synthesis of fibrous silica beta zeolite for toluene methylation

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