Removal of malachite green by mixture of textile sludge and sawdust chemically produced activated carbon

The growing Malaysian textile industry has resulted in generation of large quantity of textile sludge and its disposal problem has become a critical environmental issue. Textile sludge based activated carbon (TSAC) derived using potassium hydroxide and potassium iodide chemical activation is a promi...

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Main Author:	Tang, Shu Hu
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/92513/1/TangShuHuiPSChE2019.pdf.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.925132021-09-30T15:11:23Z Removal of malachite green by mixture of textile sludge and sawdust chemically produced activated carbon 2019 Tang, Shu Hu TP Chemical technology The growing Malaysian textile industry has resulted in generation of large quantity of textile sludge and its disposal problem has become a critical environmental issue. Textile sludge based activated carbon (TSAC) derived using potassium hydroxide and potassium iodide chemical activation is a promising route for removal of dyes and it can also mitigate the sludge disposal complication. However, the optimum conditions of TSAC preparation and its applicability in the fixed bed adsorption process has yet to be examined. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of utilizing TSAC and its pellet (prepared using phosphoric acid impregnated sawdust as a binder) as adsorbents for malachite green (MG) removal in batch and continuous adsorption system. The impregnation ratio was varied (0-2) and the impregnated samples were activated at optimum temperature and time. The physicochemical properties of the TSACs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, Scanning Electron Microscope and CHNOS elemental analyzer. The BET surface area and microporosity of TSACs were in the range of 333-1037 m2/g and 27-64%, respectively. The TSACs were capable of removing 77-498 mg/g of MG. The Langmuir model gave the best conformity, suggesting a possible monolayer adsorption. The kinetics experimental data were best fitted to the pseudo-secondorder model. The intraparticle diffusion model shows that intraparticle diffusion is not the sole rate-limiting step, while the Boyd model reveals that film diffusion could be the rate controlling step. The adsorption of MG onto TSAC is endothermic and spontaneous by nature. Furthermore, H3PO4 -impregnated sawdust waste, a potential low-cost binder, yielded TSAC pellets with microporosity, surface area and compressive strength of 16-23%, 668-979 m2/g and 0.4-1.5 MPa, respectively. In addition, the fixed bed adsorption of MG showed that the breakthrough time increased with increasing bed height, and decreasing flow rate and influent dye concentration. The highest bed capacity of 565 mg/g was achieved at influent concentration of 50 mg/L, flow rate of 20 mL/min and bed height of 6 cm (0.954 g). Yoon-Nelson model was the most suitable in describing the dynamic adsorption behavior of the column. This study demonstrated the potential of H3PO4-impregnated sawdust waste as a low-cost binder and the applicability of TSAC in MG adsorption for batch and column operations. 2019 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/92513/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/92513/1/TangShuHuiPSChE2019.pdf.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:139296 phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Tang, Shu Hu Removal of malachite green by mixture of textile sludge and sawdust chemically produced activated carbon
description	The growing Malaysian textile industry has resulted in generation of large quantity of textile sludge and its disposal problem has become a critical environmental issue. Textile sludge based activated carbon (TSAC) derived using potassium hydroxide and potassium iodide chemical activation is a promising route for removal of dyes and it can also mitigate the sludge disposal complication. However, the optimum conditions of TSAC preparation and its applicability in the fixed bed adsorption process has yet to be examined. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of utilizing TSAC and its pellet (prepared using phosphoric acid impregnated sawdust as a binder) as adsorbents for malachite green (MG) removal in batch and continuous adsorption system. The impregnation ratio was varied (0-2) and the impregnated samples were activated at optimum temperature and time. The physicochemical properties of the TSACs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, Scanning Electron Microscope and CHNOS elemental analyzer. The BET surface area and microporosity of TSACs were in the range of 333-1037 m2/g and 27-64%, respectively. The TSACs were capable of removing 77-498 mg/g of MG. The Langmuir model gave the best conformity, suggesting a possible monolayer adsorption. The kinetics experimental data were best fitted to the pseudo-secondorder model. The intraparticle diffusion model shows that intraparticle diffusion is not the sole rate-limiting step, while the Boyd model reveals that film diffusion could be the rate controlling step. The adsorption of MG onto TSAC is endothermic and spontaneous by nature. Furthermore, H3PO4 -impregnated sawdust waste, a potential low-cost binder, yielded TSAC pellets with microporosity, surface area and compressive strength of 16-23%, 668-979 m2/g and 0.4-1.5 MPa, respectively. In addition, the fixed bed adsorption of MG showed that the breakthrough time increased with increasing bed height, and decreasing flow rate and influent dye concentration. The highest bed capacity of 565 mg/g was achieved at influent concentration of 50 mg/L, flow rate of 20 mL/min and bed height of 6 cm (0.954 g). Yoon-Nelson model was the most suitable in describing the dynamic adsorption behavior of the column. This study demonstrated the potential of H3PO4-impregnated sawdust waste as a low-cost binder and the applicability of TSAC in MG adsorption for batch and column operations.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Tang, Shu Hu
author_facet	Tang, Shu Hu
author_sort	Tang, Shu Hu
title	Removal of malachite green by mixture of textile sludge and sawdust chemically produced activated carbon
title_short	Removal of malachite green by mixture of textile sludge and sawdust chemically produced activated carbon
title_full	Removal of malachite green by mixture of textile sludge and sawdust chemically produced activated carbon
title_fullStr	Removal of malachite green by mixture of textile sludge and sawdust chemically produced activated carbon
title_full_unstemmed	Removal of malachite green by mixture of textile sludge and sawdust chemically produced activated carbon
title_sort	removal of malachite green by mixture of textile sludge and sawdust chemically produced activated carbon
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department	Faculty of Engineering - School of Chemical & Energy Engineering
publishDate	2019
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/92513/1/TangShuHuiPSChE2019.pdf.pdf
_version_	1747818600296611840

Removal of malachite green by mixture of textile sludge and sawdust chemically produced activated carbon

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