Radiation grafted Bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery

Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) utilizing cation exchange membrane (CEM) has the potential as a non-degradable large-scale energy storage for sustainable energy. Nafion with PTFE backbone with the acidic sulfonic groups is the most common membrane for VRFB. However, Nafion is expensive, and suffe...

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Main Author:	Hamzah, Hairul Mardiah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2022
Subjects:	T Technology (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/99609/1/HairulMardiahHamzahMMJIIT2022.pdf
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spelling	my-utm-ep.996092023-03-05T08:34:41Z Radiation grafted Bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery 2022 Hamzah, Hairul Mardiah T Technology (General) Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) utilizing cation exchange membrane (CEM) has the potential as a non-degradable large-scale energy storage for sustainable energy. Nafion with PTFE backbone with the acidic sulfonic groups is the most common membrane for VRFB. However, Nafion is expensive, and suffers from vanadium ion crossover, produces low ion selectivity results in severe capacity decay and voltage declination in an open circuit, and these drawbacks lead to self-discharge. Polymer-based radiation grafted membrane with two-functional groups of monomer collaborated cells is considered as one alternative to overcome the weakness of Nafion. This research produced a reduced-crossover vanadium ion membrane that has commercial value through one-step pre-irradiation grafting of two functional groups of monomers onto the ETFE polymer backbone. The modification of ETFE membrane was completed by one-step radiation grafting polymerization process. The manipulation of the two types of monomers, types of solvents used, reaction time and temperature were optimized to obtain the targeted degree of grafting. The targeted grafting yield of <180% poly (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene)-g-styrene sulfonic acid-g-N-Vinyl formamide (ETFE-SSS-VNF) was successfully achieved. Characterization analysis of the membranes using FTIR and XPS analyses showed the new peaks from SSS and NVF monomers marked the attachment of C=O, O-H, N-H stretching and S=O functional groups onto ETFE film. The cross-section of modified membrane through FESEM-EDS and mapping displayed the monomers were well distributed through ETFE membrane. The modified ETFE membrane exhibited extremely low vanadium crossover while sustaining high conductivity. In the single-cell VRFB test, the modified membrane provided higher coulombic efficiencies up to 96%, and energy efficiencies (EE: 81-84%) higher than commercial membrane N117(EE: 59.7-60.8%) at a current density of 40 mA/cm2. Incorporating -SO3 group from SSS monomers and -N-C=O group from NVF monomers provided high proton conductivity and hindered vanadium ion crossover, demonstrating their high performance as a potential ion exchange membrane for VRFB application. The modification of ETFE membrane with low vanadium ion crossover is a promising new CEM for VRFB application. 2022 Thesis http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/99609/ http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/99609/1/HairulMardiahHamzahMMJIIT2022.pdf application/pdf en public http://dms.library.utm.my:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:150859 masters Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT)
institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
collection	UTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	T Technology (General)
spellingShingle	T Technology (General) Hamzah, Hairul Mardiah Radiation grafted Bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery
description	Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) utilizing cation exchange membrane (CEM) has the potential as a non-degradable large-scale energy storage for sustainable energy. Nafion with PTFE backbone with the acidic sulfonic groups is the most common membrane for VRFB. However, Nafion is expensive, and suffers from vanadium ion crossover, produces low ion selectivity results in severe capacity decay and voltage declination in an open circuit, and these drawbacks lead to self-discharge. Polymer-based radiation grafted membrane with two-functional groups of monomer collaborated cells is considered as one alternative to overcome the weakness of Nafion. This research produced a reduced-crossover vanadium ion membrane that has commercial value through one-step pre-irradiation grafting of two functional groups of monomers onto the ETFE polymer backbone. The modification of ETFE membrane was completed by one-step radiation grafting polymerization process. The manipulation of the two types of monomers, types of solvents used, reaction time and temperature were optimized to obtain the targeted degree of grafting. The targeted grafting yield of <180% poly (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene)-g-styrene sulfonic acid-g-N-Vinyl formamide (ETFE-SSS-VNF) was successfully achieved. Characterization analysis of the membranes using FTIR and XPS analyses showed the new peaks from SSS and NVF monomers marked the attachment of C=O, O-H, N-H stretching and S=O functional groups onto ETFE film. The cross-section of modified membrane through FESEM-EDS and mapping displayed the monomers were well distributed through ETFE membrane. The modified ETFE membrane exhibited extremely low vanadium crossover while sustaining high conductivity. In the single-cell VRFB test, the modified membrane provided higher coulombic efficiencies up to 96%, and energy efficiencies (EE: 81-84%) higher than commercial membrane N117(EE: 59.7-60.8%) at a current density of 40 mA/cm2. Incorporating -SO3 group from SSS monomers and -N-C=O group from NVF monomers provided high proton conductivity and hindered vanadium ion crossover, demonstrating their high performance as a potential ion exchange membrane for VRFB application. The modification of ETFE membrane with low vanadium ion crossover is a promising new CEM for VRFB application.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Hamzah, Hairul Mardiah
author_facet	Hamzah, Hairul Mardiah
author_sort	Hamzah, Hairul Mardiah
title	Radiation grafted Bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery
title_short	Radiation grafted Bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery
title_full	Radiation grafted Bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery
title_fullStr	Radiation grafted Bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery
title_full_unstemmed	Radiation grafted Bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery
title_sort	radiation grafted bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
granting_department	Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT)
publishDate	2022
url	http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/99609/1/HairulMardiahHamzahMMJIIT2022.pdf
_version_	1776100624865165312

Radiation grafted Bi-functional cation exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery

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