An analysis of Malaysia’s regional energy diplomacy: Experience and outcome

This research examines Malaysia’s involvement in activities which render energy as the subject and/or object of foreign policies, either via bilateral or multilateral engagements, from the perspective of Neoliberal Institutionalism. Malaysia’s increased involvement in the global energy market necess...

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Main Author:	Awang Dzul-Hashriq Dharfizi, Awang Salleh
Format:	Thesis
Language:	eng eng eng
Published:	2022
Subjects:	HF1-6182 Commerce JZ International relations
Online Access:	https://etd.uum.edu.my/10186/1/kebenaran%20mendeposit-not%20allow-903444_0001.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/10186/2/s903444_01.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/10186/3/s903444_02.pdf
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id	my-uum-etd.10186
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-uum-etd.101862022-12-30T13:16:35Z An analysis of Malaysia’s regional energy diplomacy: Experience and outcome 2022 Awang Dzul-Hashriq Dharfizi, Awang Salleh Abdul Ghani, Ahmad Bashawir Islam, Md Rabiul Ghazali Shafie Graduate School of Government Ghazali Shafie Graduate School of Government HF1-6182 Commerce JZ International relations This research examines Malaysia’s involvement in activities which render energy as the subject and/or object of foreign policies, either via bilateral or multilateral engagements, from the perspective of Neoliberal Institutionalism. Malaysia’s increased involvement in the global energy market necessitates this research which seeks (a) to determine the significance of energy in Malaysia’s economy and diplomacy; (b) to understand Malaysia's motivation for its involvement in these cooperations and (c) to identify steps to enhance its energy security through refinements of existing policies and recognizing new opportunities. This study utilizes information from official sources, interviews, published statistical data and past studies. The findings demonstrate that energy contributes significantly to Malaysia’s economy. Using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and the Export Dependency Index, it was discovered that Malaysia is more dependent on its Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) exports to Japan and South Korea than the other way around, and that trades of energy commodities are based on practical consideration. Petronas also acts as an agent for Malaysia’s energy diplomacy in some capacity. In a non-trade arrangement such as the ASEAN Power Grid (APG), Malaysia utilizes ASEAN as a platform to engage with other countries, although this is less evident in the Malaysia- Thailand Joint Development Area (MT-JDA). Through the Malaysia-Thailand Joint Authority (MTJA), both Malaysia and Thailand agree to set-aside their disputes over maritime delimitation to enable joint exploration. Malaysia’s involvement in the Laos-Thailand- Malaysia-Singapore Power Integration Project (LTMS-PIP) initiative demonstrates the viability of multilateral electricity trade in the region. The Four Fuel Diversification Policy 1981 (4FDP 1981) which increases natural gas utilization and the construction of the Peninsular Gas Utilisation (PGU) pipeline are related to Malaysia’s involvement in MT-JDA, whereas the reform of its electricity sector through Malaysia Electricity Supply Industry 2.0 (MESI 2.0) was catalysed through its participation in the APG. While these initiatives contribute towards enhancing Malaysia’s energy security, Malaysia can still play a proactive role in regional energy cooperation by serving as a regional energy hub or transit state. Malaysia may also consider consolidating its energy administration in order to improve efficiency. The experience in negotiating for Joint Development Area (JDA) is useful in addressing the present South China Sea dispute. 2022 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/10186/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/10186/1/kebenaran%20mendeposit-not%20allow-903444_0001.pdf text eng staffonly https://etd.uum.edu.my/10186/2/s903444_01.pdf text eng staffonly https://etd.uum.edu.my/10186/3/s903444_02.pdf text eng staffonly other doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia
institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection	UUM ETD
language	eng eng eng
advisor	Abdul Ghani, Ahmad Bashawir Islam, Md Rabiul
topic	HF1-6182 Commerce JZ International relations
spellingShingle	HF1-6182 Commerce JZ International relations Awang Dzul-Hashriq Dharfizi, Awang Salleh An analysis of Malaysia’s regional energy diplomacy: Experience and outcome
description	This research examines Malaysia’s involvement in activities which render energy as the subject and/or object of foreign policies, either via bilateral or multilateral engagements, from the perspective of Neoliberal Institutionalism. Malaysia’s increased involvement in the global energy market necessitates this research which seeks (a) to determine the significance of energy in Malaysia’s economy and diplomacy; (b) to understand Malaysia's motivation for its involvement in these cooperations and (c) to identify steps to enhance its energy security through refinements of existing policies and recognizing new opportunities. This study utilizes information from official sources, interviews, published statistical data and past studies. The findings demonstrate that energy contributes significantly to Malaysia’s economy. Using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and the Export Dependency Index, it was discovered that Malaysia is more dependent on its Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) exports to Japan and South Korea than the other way around, and that trades of energy commodities are based on practical consideration. Petronas also acts as an agent for Malaysia’s energy diplomacy in some capacity. In a non-trade arrangement such as the ASEAN Power Grid (APG), Malaysia utilizes ASEAN as a platform to engage with other countries, although this is less evident in the Malaysia- Thailand Joint Development Area (MT-JDA). Through the Malaysia-Thailand Joint Authority (MTJA), both Malaysia and Thailand agree to set-aside their disputes over maritime delimitation to enable joint exploration. Malaysia’s involvement in the Laos-Thailand- Malaysia-Singapore Power Integration Project (LTMS-PIP) initiative demonstrates the viability of multilateral electricity trade in the region. The Four Fuel Diversification Policy 1981 (4FDP 1981) which increases natural gas utilization and the construction of the Peninsular Gas Utilisation (PGU) pipeline are related to Malaysia’s involvement in MT-JDA, whereas the reform of its electricity sector through Malaysia Electricity Supply Industry 2.0 (MESI 2.0) was catalysed through its participation in the APG. While these initiatives contribute towards enhancing Malaysia’s energy security, Malaysia can still play a proactive role in regional energy cooperation by serving as a regional energy hub or transit state. Malaysia may also consider consolidating its energy administration in order to improve efficiency. The experience in negotiating for Joint Development Area (JDA) is useful in addressing the present South China Sea dispute.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	other
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Awang Dzul-Hashriq Dharfizi, Awang Salleh
author_facet	Awang Dzul-Hashriq Dharfizi, Awang Salleh
author_sort	Awang Dzul-Hashriq Dharfizi, Awang Salleh
title	An analysis of Malaysia’s regional energy diplomacy: Experience and outcome
title_short	An analysis of Malaysia’s regional energy diplomacy: Experience and outcome
title_full	An analysis of Malaysia’s regional energy diplomacy: Experience and outcome
title_fullStr	An analysis of Malaysia’s regional energy diplomacy: Experience and outcome
title_full_unstemmed	An analysis of Malaysia’s regional energy diplomacy: Experience and outcome
title_sort	analysis of malaysia’s regional energy diplomacy: experience and outcome
granting_institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department	Ghazali Shafie Graduate School of Government
publishDate	2022
url	https://etd.uum.edu.my/10186/1/kebenaran%20mendeposit-not%20allow-903444_0001.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/10186/2/s903444_01.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/10186/3/s903444_02.pdf
_version_	1776103761164369920

An analysis of Malaysia’s regional energy diplomacy: Experience and outcome

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