Brand Reputation Management: The Influence of Brand Culture, Expression and Experience Toward Brands Reputation

The objective of this study was to examine the influence between the brand management factors which are Brand Culture, Brand Expression and Brand Experience towards Brand Reputation among university students. The research done by mean of survey, a questionnaire was distributed to 380 respondents. Da...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Tengku Aroal Hawa Delaila, Tengku Ahmad
Format:	Thesis
Language:	eng eng
Published:	2012
Subjects:	HF5801-6182 Advertising
Online Access:	https://etd.uum.edu.my/3524/1/s807367.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/3524/7/s807367.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-uum-etd.3524
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection	UUM ETD
language	eng eng
advisor	Hassan, Hasnizam
topic	HF5801-6182 Advertising
spellingShingle	HF5801-6182 Advertising Tengku Aroal Hawa Delaila, Tengku Ahmad Brand Reputation Management: The Influence of Brand Culture, Expression and Experience Toward Brands Reputation
description	The objective of this study was to examine the influence between the brand management factors which are Brand Culture, Brand Expression and Brand Experience towards Brand Reputation among university students. The research done by mean of survey, a questionnaire was distributed to 380 respondents. Data was analyzed by “Statistical Package for Social Science” (SPSS Windows) Version 16.0. Regression analysis was used to test the influence between the variables. Regression result shows that three variables (Brand Culture, Brand Expression and Brand Experience) also Brand Reputation were related. Brand Culture has the higher effect on Brand Reputation. This means that Brand Culture is the dominant factor influencing the Brand Reputation of the universities students. These findings show that the related factors should be given attention to better manage university brand management. The preceding findings can be used to support those who are managing higher education institution branding, or intending to develop a university brand. As the stiff competition among universities increase, there is a probability that the higher education institutions spend a substantial amounts of fund on branding activities to attract students. Branding in higher education institution has become accepted practice. Some recommendations have been offered for the organization and future research.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	masters
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Tengku Aroal Hawa Delaila, Tengku Ahmad
author_facet	Tengku Aroal Hawa Delaila, Tengku Ahmad
author_sort	Tengku Aroal Hawa Delaila, Tengku Ahmad
title	Brand Reputation Management: The Influence of Brand Culture, Expression and Experience Toward Brands Reputation
title_short	Brand Reputation Management: The Influence of Brand Culture, Expression and Experience Toward Brands Reputation
title_full	Brand Reputation Management: The Influence of Brand Culture, Expression and Experience Toward Brands Reputation
title_fullStr	Brand Reputation Management: The Influence of Brand Culture, Expression and Experience Toward Brands Reputation
title_full_unstemmed	Brand Reputation Management: The Influence of Brand Culture, Expression and Experience Toward Brands Reputation
title_sort	brand reputation management: the influence of brand culture, expression and experience toward brands reputation
granting_institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department	Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business
publishDate	2012
url	https://etd.uum.edu.my/3524/1/s807367.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/3524/7/s807367.pdf
_version_	1747827594228662272
spelling	my-uum-etd.35242016-04-24T03:04:25Z Brand Reputation Management: The Influence of Brand Culture, Expression and Experience Toward Brands Reputation 2012 Tengku Aroal Hawa Delaila, Tengku Ahmad Hassan, Hasnizam Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business HF5801-6182 Advertising The objective of this study was to examine the influence between the brand management factors which are Brand Culture, Brand Expression and Brand Experience towards Brand Reputation among university students. The research done by mean of survey, a questionnaire was distributed to 380 respondents. Data was analyzed by “Statistical Package for Social Science” (SPSS Windows) Version 16.0. Regression analysis was used to test the influence between the variables. Regression result shows that three variables (Brand Culture, Brand Expression and Brand Experience) also Brand Reputation were related. Brand Culture has the higher effect on Brand Reputation. This means that Brand Culture is the dominant factor influencing the Brand Reputation of the universities students. These findings show that the related factors should be given attention to better manage university brand management. The preceding findings can be used to support those who are managing higher education institution branding, or intending to develop a university brand. As the stiff competition among universities increase, there is a probability that the higher education institutions spend a substantial amounts of fund on branding activities to attract students. Branding in higher education institution has become accepted practice. Some recommendations have been offered for the organization and future research. 2012 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/3524/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/3524/1/s807367.pdf text eng validuser https://etd.uum.edu.my/3524/7/s807367.pdf text eng public masters masters Universiti Utara Malaysia Aaker, D. (1991). Managing Brand Equity: Capitalizing on the Value of a Brand Name. New York, NY: The Free Press. Aaker, D. (1996). Building Strong Brands. New York, NY: The Free Press. Aaker, D., & Keller, K. L. (1990). Consumer evaluation of brand extension. Journal of Marketing 54(4): 27–41. Aaker, D., & Joachimsthaler, E. (2000). The brand relationship spectrum: Key to the brand architecture challenge. California Management Review, 42(4), 8–23. Aaker, D.A. (2004). Leveraging the corporate brand. California Management Review, Vol. 46 No. 3, pp. 6-18. Aaker, J.L. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 34, August, pp. 347-56. Aaker,D.A., (1991). Managing Brand Equity: Capitalizing on the value of the Brand name. New York: The Free press. Abratt, R. (1989). A new approach to the corporate image management process. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 63-76. Abratt, R., & Kleyn, N. (2010).Corporate identity corporate branding and corporate reputations: Reconciliation and integration. European Journal of Marketing, Vol.46. No.7/8, pp.1048-1063. Achenbaum, A. (1993). The mismanagement of brand equity. ARF Fifth Annual Advertising and Promotion Workshop. Addis, M., & Holbrook, M.B. (2001). On the conceptual link between mass customizations and experiential consumption: An explosion of subjectivity. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 1(1), 50-66. Adler, K. (1998). Degree upgrades: a new service, a new market and a new strategy for higher education. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 9(1), 11-24. Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds.), Action control: From cognition to behavior. pp. 11–39, New York: Springer-Verlag. Ajzen, I. (1987). Attitudes, traits, and actions: Dispositional prediction of behavior in personality and social psychology. In L. Berkowitz (Eds.), Advances in experimental social psychology. Vol. 20, pp. 1–63, San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Albert, S., & Whetten, D.A. (1985).Organizational identity. In Staw, B.M. and Cummings, L.L. (Eds), Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 7, JAI Press, Greenwich, CT, pp. 263-95. Ali-Choudhury, R., Benett, R., & Savani, S. (2009). University marketing directors’ views on the components of a university brand. International Review of Public & Nonprofit Marketing (6): 11–33. Ambler, T., & Barrow, S., (1996). The employer brand. The Journal of Brand Management, 4(3), 185-206. Anholt, S. (2004). Foreword. Place branding and public diplomacy, 1(1), 4–11. Argenti, P. (2000). Branding B-schools: Reputation management for MBA programs. Corporate Reputation Review 3(2): 171–178. Argenti, P.A., & Druckenmiller, B. (2004). Reputation and the corporate brand. Corporate Reputation Review, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 368-74. Arnould, E. J., Price, L., & Zinkhan, G. M. (2002). Consumers. Baden-Fuller, C., Ravazzolo, F., & Schweizer, T. (2000). Making and measuring reputations. The research ranking of European business schools. Long Range Planning, 33(5): 621– 650. Baker, B. (2007). Destination branding for small cities: The essentials for successful place branding. Portland, OH: Creative Leap Books. Balakrishnan, H. (2008). OpenFlow: Enabling innovation in campus networks. Computer Communication Review, 38(2), 69- 74. Balmer, J. M. T., & Liao, M. N. (2007) Student corporate brand identification: An exploratory case study. Corporate Communications: An International Journal 12(4): 356–375. Balmer, J.M.T. (1998). Corporate identity and the advent of corporate marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol.14 No.8, pp. 963-96. Balmer, J.M.T. (2001a). Corporate identity, corporate branding and corporate marketing, seeing through the fog. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 35 No. 3/4, pp.248-91. Balmer, J.M.T., & Gray, E.R. (2003). Corporate brands: what are they? What of them? European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 37, 7/8, p.972. Balmer, J.M.T., & Greyser, S.A. (2003). Revealing the Corporation: Perspectives on Identity, Image, Reputation, Corporate Branding, and Corporate-level Marketing, Routledge , London. Balmer, J.M.T., & Greyser, S.A. (2006).Corporate marketing, integrating corporate identity, corporate branding, corporate communications, corporate image and corporate reputation. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 40 No 7/8, pp. 730-41. Balmer, J.M.T., & Soenan,G. (1998) A New Approach to Corporate Identity Management. International Centre for Corporate Identity Studies. Working Paper, 1998/5. Balmer, J.M.T., & Thompson, I. (2009).The shared management and ownership of corporate brands: the case of Hilton. Journal of General Management, Vol. 34 No. 4, pp. 15-37. Banks, S. (1950). The relationship between preference and purchase of brands. The Journal of Marketing 15(2): 145–157. Batra, R., & M.B. Holbrook (1990). Developing a typology of affective responses to advertising: A test of validity and reliability. Psychology and Marketing, 7, 11-25. Batra R., & M.L. Ray (1986). Affective responses mediating acceptance of advertising.Journal of Consumer Research, 13, 234-49. Bean, J. P., & Eaton, S. B. (2000). A psychological model of college student retention. In J. M. Braxton (Eds.), Reworking the student departure puzzle ,pp. 48–61. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press. Belanger, C., Mount, J. & Wilson, M. (2002) Institutional image and retention. Tertiary Education and Management 8(3) : 217–230. Bendapudi, N., & Bendapudi, V. (2005).Creating the living brand. Harvard Business Review, Vol. 83 No. 5, pp. 124-30. Berry, L.L. (2000). Cultivating service brand equity. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 28, No. 1 , pp. 128 and 135. Berry, L.L. & Parasuraman, A. (1991). Marketing Services: Competing Through Quality, The Free Press, New York, NY. Benett, R., & Ali-Choudhury, R. (2009).Prospective students’ perceptions of university brands: An empirical study. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education 19(1): 85– 107. Berry, L. L. & Bendapudi , N . (2003) Clueing in customers? Harvard Business Review 81(2): 100–106. Bennett, R., & Savani, S. (2003). The re-branding of city places: An international comparative investigation. International Public Management Review, 4(2), 70–87. Beneke, J, H. (2011). Marketing the Institution to Prospective students–A review of Brand (Reputation) Management in Higher Education. Berry, L. L., Lefkowith , E . F., and Clark, T. (1988) In services, what is a name? Harvard Business Review 66(5): 28 –30. Bhattacharya, C.B., & Sen, S. (2003). Consumer-company identification: a framework for understanding consumers’ relationships with companies. Journal of Marketing, Vol. 67 No. 2, pp. 76-88. Bick, G., Jacobson, M.C. & Abratt, R. (2003). The corporate identity management process revisited. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 19 No 7/8, pp. 835-55. Birkett, N.J. (1986). Selecting the number of response categories for a Likert–type scale. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association. Black, G. C. (1999). Scientific teams and institutional collaborations: Evidence from US universities, 1981–1999. Research Policy, 34(3), 259-285. Bollag, B. (1995). Looking for new money: As government support lags, Europe’s universities cultivate other sources. Chronicle of Higher Education, 41, A33, A35. Boyer, E.L. (1990). Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA. Brakus, J.J., Schmitt, B.H., & Zarantonello, L. (2009). Brand experience: what is it? How is it measured? Does it affect loyalty?. Journal of Marketing, Vol. 73, pp. 52-68. Brammer, S. & Pavelin, S. (2004). Building a good reputation. European Management Journal, Vol. 22 No. 6, pp. 704-13. Brewer, A., & Zhou ,J. (2010) . The impact of a pathway college on reputation and brand awareness for its affiliated university in Sydney. Bromley, D. (2002). Comparing corporate reputations: League tables, quotients, benchmarks, or case studies? Corporate Reputation Review, 5(1), 35–50. Bromley, D. B. (1993). Reputation, image, and impression management. Chichester, UK: Wiley. Bromley, D. B. (2000). Psychological aspects of corporate identity, image, and reputation. Corporate Reputation Review, 3, 240–252. Bronn, P., Engell, A.E., & Martinsen, H. (2006). A reflective approach to uncovering actual identity. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 40, No 7/8, pp. 886-901. Brooks, R. (2005). Measuring university quality. The Review of Higher Education, 29(1), 1–21. Broom, G. M., Casey, S., & Ritchey, J. (2000). Concepts and theory of organization public relationships. In J. A. Ledingham & S. D. Bruning (Eds.), Public relations as relationship management: A relational approach to the study and practice of public relations, pp. 3–22. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Brown, T. J., Dacin, P. A., Pratt, M. G., & Whetten , D . A. (2006) Identity, intended image, construed image, and reputation: An interdisciplinary framework and suggested terminology. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 34(2): 99–106. Brown, J., & Oplatka. I., (2006) .Universities in a competitive global marketplace: A systematic review of the literature on higher education marketing. International Journal of public sectors management, Vol. 19/4,316-338 Brown, K. M. (1999). Theory of reasoned action/theory of planned behavior. Retrieval 21 October 2012 from http://hsc.usf.edu/*kmbrown/TRA_TPB.htm. Browne, B., Kaldenberg, D., Browne, W., & Brown, D. (1998). Student as customer: factors affecting satisfaction and assessments of institutional quality. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 8(3), 1-14. Browne, K. (1999).Nokia’s Brilliant Branding. Finance Week– South Africa. Vol . (22), p.12-26. Bruning, S. D., & Ledingham, J. A. (1999). Relationships between organizations and publics: Development of a multi-dimensional organization-public relationship scale. Public Relations Review, 25, 157–170. Buell, V. (1996). The marketing explosion. Marketing and Media Decisions, 21(7), 176. Bryman, A. (2008). Why do researchers integrate/combine/mesh/blend/mix/merge/fusequantitative and qualitative research. Advances in mixed methods research, 87-100. Cai, L. (2002).Cooperative branding for rural destinations. Annals of Tourism Research. 29(3), 720–742. Caldwell, N., & Freire, J. (2004). The differences between branding a country, a region and a city: Applying the brand box model. The Journal of Brand Management, 12(1), 50–61. Caminiti, S. (1992). The payoff from a good reputation. Fortune, Vol. 125 No. 3, pp. 49-53. Caru,A., & Cova, B. (2003) . Revisiting consumption experience: A more humble but complete view of the concept. Marketing Theory, 3(2), 267-286. Caru,A., & Cova, B. (Eds) (2007). Consuming experience. Oxford: Routledge. Caru,A., & Cova, B. (2008). Small versus big stories in framing consumption experiences. Qualitative market research: An International Journal, 11 (2), 166-176. Castells, M. (2001). Universities as dynamic systems of contradictory functions. In: Muller, J. and Cloete, N (Eds) . Challenges of Globalisation. Maskew Miller Longman, Cape Town. Cetin, R. (2003). Planning and implementing institutional image and promoting academic programs in higher education. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 13(1/2), 57-75. Chapleo, C. (2004). Interpretation and implementation of reputation/brand management by UK university leaders. International Journal of Educational Advancement 5(1): 7–23. Chapleo, C. (2005) Do universities have ‘successful ’brands. International Journal of Educational Advancement 6(1): 54–64. Chapleo , C . (2007) Barriers to brand building in UK universities. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing 12: 23–32. Chapleo, C. (2008) External perceptions of successful university brands. International Journal of Educational Advancement 8(3–4): 126–135. Chapleo,C. (2006) Barriers to brand building in UK universities? International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, Vol.12, No.1, pp. 23-32. Chapman, R. (1993). Non-simultaneous relative importance-performance analysis: meta analysis from 80 college choice surveys with 55,276 respondents. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 4(1/2), 405-422. Chiles, T.H., & McMackin, J.F. (1996) Integrating variable risk preferences, trust, and transaction cost economies. Academy of Management Review 21(1): 73–99 Clarkson, M.B.E. (1995). A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 92-117. Cook, D. (2004). The commodification of childhood: The children’s clothing industry and the rise of the child consumer. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Cook, C. R., & Fennell, M. (2001). Capital Gains: Surviving in an Increasingly For-Profit World. Presidency, 4(1),28-33. Cobb-Walgren,C.J., Ruble, C.A., & Donthun, N. (1993). Brand Equity, Brand preference and purchase intension. Journal of Advertising, 24(3), 25-40. Cohen, J.B. (1990). Attitude, affect and consumer behavior, in B. S. Moore and A. M.Isen, (Eds) Affect and Social Behavior, Cambridge University Press, New York. 152–206. Cubillo, J.M., Sanchez, J., & Cervino, J. (2006). International students’ decision making process. International Journal of Education Management, 20(2), 101- 115. Cravens, K., Oliver, E.G., & Ramamoorti, S. (2003).The reputation index: measuring and managing corporate reputation. European Management Journal, Vol. 21 No. 2, pp. 201-12. Czarniawska,B., & Wolff, R. (1998). Concepting new identities in established organization fields”, International Studies of Management and Organization, Vol.28 No.3, pp. 32-56. Dacin, P.A., & Brown, T.J. (2002). Corporate identity and corporate associations: a framework for future research. Corporate Reputation Review, Vol. 5 No 2/3, pp. 254-63. Davis, S. (2002). Brand asset management: how businesses can profit from the power of brand. Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol.19, No.4,pp. 351-8. Davies, G., & Chun, R. (2002). Gaps between the internal and external perceptions of the corporate brand. Corporate Reputation Review 5(2/3): 144–158. Dawar, N., & Parker, P. (1994) Marketing universals: Consumers’ use of brand name, price, physical appearance, and retailer. Journal of Marketing 58(2): 81–95. de Chernatony, L. (2009). Towards the holy grail of defining brand. Marketing Theory 9(1): 101–105. de Chernatony, L. , Drury, S., & Segal-Horn, S. (2004) Identifying and sustaining services brands’ values. Journal of Marketing Communications 10(2): 73–93. de Chernatony, L., & McDonald, M. (2003). Creating powerful Brands in Consumer Service and Industrial Markets, 3rd Edn. Oxford, UK: Butterworth- Heinemann. de Chernatony, L., & Riley, F.D.O. (1999). Experts views about defining services brands and the principles of services branding. Journal of Business Research, 46:181–192. de Chernatony, L ., & Segal-Horn, S. (2001). Building on services’ characteristics to develop successful services brands. Journal of Marketing Management 17(7): 645–669. de Chernatony, L. ( 1999). Brand Management through narrowing the gap between brand identity and brand reputation. Journal of Marketing Management, 15, 157-179. Deshpande, Rohit & Webster, Frederick E. (1989). Organizational Culture and Marketing: Defining the Research Agenda. Journal of Marketing, 53, January, pp. 3-15. Dewey, J. (1925). Historic Background of Corporate Legal Personality, The. Yale LJ, 35, 655. Dibb , S ., and Simkin , L . (1993). The strength of branding and positioning in services. International Journal of Service Industry Management 4(1): 25–35. Doyle, P. (2000). Value-Based Marketing, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. Doyle, P. (1990). What are the Excellent Companies? Journal of Marketing Management. 8.2, pp. 101-116 Dowling, D.G. (2004). Corporate reputations: should you compete on yours?. California Management Review, Vol. 46 No. 3, pp. 19-36. Dubé, L., LeBel, J.L., & Lu, J. (2005). Affect asymmetry and comfort food consumption. Physiology & Behavior, 86(4), 559-567. Eberl, M., & Schwaiger, M. (2005). Corporate reputation: disentangling the effects on financial performance. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 39 No 7/8, pp. 838-54. Eccles, R.G., Newquist, S.C. & Schatz, R. (2007).Reputation and its risks. Harvard Business , Vol .85 No.2, pp. 104-14. Elliott, K., & Healy, M. (2001). Key factors influencing student satisfaction related to recruitment and retention. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 10(4), 1-11. Ewing, M., Caruana, A., & Loy, E.R. (1999). Corporate reputation and perceived risk in professional engineering services. Corporate Communications, Vol.4, No.3, pp.121-8. Fan, Y. (2005). Ethical branding and corporate reputation. Corporate Communication, Vol. 10 No. 4, pp. 341-50. Farquhar, P.H. (1990). Managing Brand Equity. Marketing Research, 1 (September), 24-33. Fickes, M. (2003). Solving the branding mystery. College Planning & Management 6(3): 16–20. Firestein, P.J. (2006). Building and protecting corporate reputation. Strategy & Leadership, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp.25-31. Firth, R. (1973). Symbols Public and Private, London: George Allen & Unwin. Fishbein , M ., & Ajzen , I . (1975) Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Fishbein, M. (1967). Attitude and the prediction of behavior. In M. Fishbein (Eds.), Readings in attitude theory and measurement. pp. 477–492. New York: Wiley. Fisk, R., & Allen, J. (1993). Applying marketing techniques to achieve the strategic objectives of educational institutions: A case study. Proceedings of the Symposium for the Marketing of Higher Education. American Marketing Association, Chicago, 70-77. Foley, A., & Fahy, J. (2004).Incongruity between expression and experience: The role of imagery in supporting the positioning of the tourism destination brand. Journal of Brand Management, 11(3), 209–217. Fombrun, C.J., & Van Riel, C.B.M. (2004) Fame and Fortune: How Successful Companies Build Winning Reputations . New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Fombrun, C.J. (1996). Reputation: Realizing value from the corporate image. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Fombrun, C.J., & Van Riel, C.B.M. (1997). The reputational landscape. Corporate Reputation Review, 1, 5–13. Fombrun, C.J., & Van Riel, C.B.M. (2003). Fame & fortune: How successful companies build winning reputations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Fombrun, C., Gardberg, N. & Sever, J. (2000). The reputation quotient: a multistakeholder measure of corporate reputation. The Journal of Brand Management, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 241-55. Fombrun, C.J. & Van Riel, C.B.M. (2003), Fame and Fortune: How Successful Companies Build Winning Reputations, FT Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. Fournier, S. (1998). Consumers and their brands: developing relationship theory in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 24, March, pp. 343-73. Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman. Gaggiotti, H., Cheng, P., & Yunak, O. (2008). City brand management (CBM): The case of Kazakhstan. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 4(2), 115–123. Gale, B.T. (1994). Managing Customer Value. New York, NY: The Free Press. Garbett, T.F. (1988). How to build a corporate identity and project its image. Lexington Books, Massachusetts. Gibson, C., & Davidson, D. (2004). Tamworth, Australia's ‘country music capital’: place marketing, rurality, and resident reactions. Journal of Rural Studies, 20(4),387-404. Gilmore, A., & Carson, D. (1996)Integrative qualitative methods in a services context. Marketing Intelligence and Planning 14: 21–26. Gilmore, F. (2002a). A country—Can it be repositioned? Spain—The success story of country branding. Brand Management, 9(4–5), 281–293. Gilmore, F. (2002b). Branding for success. In N. Morgan, A. Pritchard, & R. Pride (Eds.), Destination branding: Creating the unique destination proposition (1st ed., pp. 57–65). Oxford, England: Butterworth Heinemann. Goodenow, C. (1993). The psychological sense of school membership among adolescents: Scale development and educational correlates. Psychology in the Schools, 30,79–90. Grant R. (2000). Secular trends in the performance of children and adolescents: an analysis of 55 studies of the 20m shuttle run test in 11 countries." Sports Medicine 33.4 (2003): 285-300. Gray, B., Fam, K., & Llanes , V. (2003). Branding universities in Asian markets. Journal of Product and Brand Management 12(2): 108–120. Gray, E.R., & Balmer, J.M.T. (1998). Managing corporate image and corporate reputation. Long Range Planning, Vol. 31 No. 5, pp. 695-702. Greenley, G., & Foxall, G. (1997). Multiple stakeholder orientation in UK companies and the implications for company performance. Journal of Management Studies, 34(2), 259–284. Gregory, A. (2007). Involving stakeholder in developing corporate brands: The communication dimension. Journal of Marketing Management, 23(1–2), 59–73. Grunig, J.E. (1997). A situational theory of publics: Conceptual history, recent challenges and new research. In D. Moss, T. MacManus, & D. Vercic (Eds.), Public relations research: An international perspective. pp. 3–48. Boston: International Thomson Business Press. Grundey D. (2002). Prekes zenklo formavimas ir prekes identifikavimas: strategiju parinkimas ir vertinimas // ekonomika: mokslo darbai. pp.30-52. Hanna, S., & Rowley, J. (2008). An analysis of terminology use in place branding. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 4(1), 61-75. Hanna, S., & Rowley, J. (2011). Towards a strategic place brand-management model 475 Reicheld, F. Loyalty and the renaissance of marketing. Marketing Management, 2(4), 10–22. Hagborg, W.J. (1998). An investigation of a brief measure of school membership. Adolescnece, 33(130), 461–467. Hair, J.F.J., Babin, B., Money, A.H., & Samouel, P. (2003). Essential of business research methods. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons. Hair, J.F.J., Money, A.H., Samouel, P. & Page, M. (2007). Research methods for business. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons. Hall, J. (2004). Branding Britain. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10(2), 171–185. Hankinson, G. (2004b). Repertory grid analysis: An application to the measurement of destination images. International Journal of Non-Profit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 9(2), 145–153. Hankinson, G. (2009). Managing destination brands: Establishing a theoretical foundation. Journal of Marketing Management, 25(1/2), 97–115. Harmaakorpi, V., Kari, D., & Parjanen, S. (2008). City design management as a local competitive factor. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 4(2), 169–181. Harvey, J.A. & Busher, H. (1996). Marketing schools and consumer choice. International Journal of Education Management, 10(4), 26-32. Hatch, M.J., & Schultz, M. (1997). Relations between organizational culture, identity and image. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 31, No 5/6, pp. 356-65. Hatch, M.J., & Schultz, M. (2001). Are the strategic stars aligned for your corporate brand?. Harvard Business Review, Vol. 79, No. 2, pp. 144-58. He, H.W., & Balmer, J.M.T. (2007). Identity studies: multiple perspectives and implications for corporate-level marketing. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 41, No 7/8, pp. 765-85. Helgesen, Ø., & Nesset, E. (2007). Images, satisfaction and antecedents: Drivers of student loyalty? A case study of a Norwegian university college. Corporate Reputation Review, 10(1), 38-59. Healy, M., & Perry, C. (2000). Comprehensive criteria to judge validity and reliability of qualitative research within the realism paradigm. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 3(3): 118–126. Helm, S. (2007). One reputation or many? Comparing stakeholders’ perceptions of corporate reputation. Corporate Communications: International Journal, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 238-54. Hemsley-Brown, J., & Goonawardana, S. (2007). Brand harmonization in the international higher education market. Journal of Business Research 60: 942–948. Hennig-Thurau, T., Langer, M.F., & Hansen, U. (2001). Modeling and managing student loyalty: An approach based on the concept of relationship quality. Journal of Service Research, 3(4), 331–344. Herbig, P., & Milewicz, J. (1995). The relationship of reputation and credibility to brand success. Journal of Consumer Marketing 12(4): 5–10. Hirsch, R. (1976). Social Limits to Growth. Harvard University Press’, Cambridge. MA. Hofstede, G. (1998).Identifying Organizational Subcultures: An Empirical Approach. Journal of Management Studies, 35, 1, pp. 1-12 Hupp, S. (2007). College may play the name game. The Dallas Morning News, p.5B. Holbrook, M.B. (2000). The millennial consumer in the texts of our time: Experience and entertainment, Journal of Micromarketing, 20(2), 178-192. Holbrook, M., & Hirschman, E. (1982). The experiential aspects of consumption, fantasies, feelings and fun. Journal of Consumer Research, 9, 132-140. Inglis, R., Morley, C., & Sammut, P. (2006). Corporate reputation and organizational performance: an Australian study. Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol.21 No.9, pp.934-47. Iqbal, M.J., Amran, R., & Ibne, H. (2012). University Branding: A Myth or a reality. Journal of Commerce Social Science, Vol.6 (1), 168-184. Ind, N. (1992). The Corporate Brand. Macmillan Press Ltd, Reading. Ind, N., & Riondino, C.M. (2001). Branding on the web: a real revolution?. Journal of Brand Management, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 8-19. Ivy, J. (2002). University Image: The role of marketing in MBA student recruitment in state subsidized universities in the Republic of South Africa. Doctoral thesis, University of Leicester. Ivy, J. (2008). A new higher education marketing mix: the 7Ps for MBA marketing. International Journal of Educational Management, 22(4), 288-299. Ivy, J. (2001). Higher education institution image: a correspondence analysis approach. International Journal of Educational Management, Vol. 15 no.6, pp. 276-82. Janonis,V., Dovaliene, A., & Virvilaite, R. (2007). Relationship of brand identity and image, Journal of Engineering Economic, No1 (51). Jevons, C. (2006). Universities: A prime example of branding going wrong. Journal of Product and Brand Management 17(7): 466–467. Johar G., J. Sengupta., & J. Aaker. (2005). Two roads to updating brand personality impressions: Trait versus evaluative inferencing. Journal of Marketing Research, 42 (November), 458–69. Johnson, H. (1996). Education marketing: for academics, for ‘anoraks’, for everybody?. Journal of Marketing, 32(11/12), 1074–1090. Judson, K.M., Gorchels, L., & Aurand, T.W. (2006). Building a university brand from within: A comparison of coaches’ perspectives of internal branding. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education 16(1): 97–114. Jung H.L., & Soo, M.K. (2012). The effect of Brand Experience on brand relationship quality. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, Vol 16. No 1. Jutkins, R. (1994). Just imagine! Database marketing targets the right customers-and keeps them coming back. Direct Marketing, 12(56), 38-40. Kapferer,J.N. (1992) Strategic Brand Management: New Approaches to Creating and Evaluating Brand Equity. London, UK: Kogan Page. Kapferer, J.N. (2005). The new strategic brand management: Creating and sustaining brand equity long term. London: Kogan Page. 474 Journal of Marketing Management, Volume 27 Kapferer, J.N. (1997). Strategic Brand Management. 2nd London: Hove. Kavaratzis, M. (2004).From city marketing to city branding: Toward a theoretical framework for developing city brands. Place Branding, 1(1), 58–73. Kavaratzis, M., & Ashworth, G. (2005). City branding: An affective assertion of identity or a transitory marketing trick. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 96(5), 506–614. Keller, K.L. (1998). Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, Managing Brand Equity. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Keller, K.L. (2000). The brand report card. Harvard Business Review 78(1): 147–157. Keller, K. (2008). Strategic brand management–building, measuring and managing brand equity, Third edition. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Keller, K.L., & Richey, K. (2006). The importance of corporate brand personality traits to a successful 21st century business. Journal of Brand Management, Vol. 14 No. 1/2, pp. 74-81. Kerr, G. (2006). From destination brand to location brand. Journal of Brand Management, 13(4/5), 276–283. Kevin L.K., & Keith, R. (2006). Journal of Brand Management. 14, 74–81. King, S. (1991). Brand-building in the 1990’s. Journal of Marketing Management, 7, 1 pp. 3-13. Knox, S., Maklan, S., & Thompson, K. E. (2000). Building the unique organization value proposition. In M. Schultz, M. J. Hatch, & M. H. Larsen (Eds.), The expressive organization: Linking identity, reputation, and the corporate brand. pp. 115–1377. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. Knox, S., & Bickerton,D. (2003). The Six Conventions of corporate branding. European Journal of Marketing, Vol.37. No.7/8.2003. pp. 998-1016. Komorita, S.S., & Graham, W.K (1965). Number of scale points and reliability of scales. Education and Psychological Measurement, 25, 987-995. Kotecha, P. (2003). Branding, mergers, and the future of South African higher education. South African Universities Vice-Chancellors Association, Pretoria. Kotler, P., & Fox, K. (1995). Strategic marketing for educational institutions, Second edition. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Kotler, P., Asplund, C., Rein, I., & Heider, D. (1999). Marketing places Europe: Attracting investments, industries , residents and visitors to European cities, communities, regions and nations. London: Pearson Education. Kowalczyk, S.J., & Pawlish, M.J. (2002) Corporate branding through external perception of organizational culture. Corporate Reputation Review 5(2/3): 159–174. Krejcie, R.V., & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Education Psychology Measurement. Krosnick, J.A., & Fabrigar, L.R. (1997). Designing rating scales for effective measurement in surveys. In Lyberg, P.Biemer, M.Collins, E. De Leeuw, C.Dippo, N. Schwarz & D.Trewin (Eds.), Survey measurement and process quality. New York. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. La Salle. D., & Britton, T.A. (2003). Priceless turning products into extraordinary experiences. Boston: Howard Business Scholl Press. Leppel, K. (2001). The impact of major on college persistence among freshmen. Higher Education, 41, 327-342. Lim, K., & O’Cass, A. (2001).Consumer brand classifications : an assessment of cultureof-origin versus country-of- origin. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 10(2),120-136 Lindstrom, M. (2001). Corporate branding and the web: a global/local challenge. Brand Management, Vol. 8, No 4/5, pp. 365-8. Lindstrom, M., & P.B Seybold. (2003). Brand Child. London,Kogan Page Low, G. S., & Fullerton, R. A. (1994). Brands, brand management and the brand manager system: A critical historical evaluation. Journal of Marketing Research 31(2): 173–190. Mackey, M. (1994). The selling of sheepskin. International Journal of Business and Management. Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 99-120. MacMillan, K., Money, K., Money, A., & Downing, S. (2005). Relationship marketing in the not-for-profit sector: an extension and application of the commitment–trust theory. Journal of Business Research, 58(6), 806-818. Malhotra, N.K. (2002). Basic Marketing Research. International Edition, Prentice Hall International Inc. Marr, K.A., Mullin, C. H., & Siegfried, J.J. (2005). Undergraduate financial aid and subsequent alumni giving behavior. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 45, 123–143. Masters, J.R. (1974). The relationship between number of response categories and reliability of Likert–type questionnaires. Journal of Educational measurement,11(49-53) Mazzarol, T., (1998). Critical success factors for international education Marketing. International Journal of Educational Management, 12/4, 163–175 Maringe, F. (2006). University and course choice Implications for positioning, recruitment and Marketing. International Journal of Educational Management, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 466-479 Mazzarol, J., Sweeney, J., & Soutar,G. (2007). Conceptualising word-of-mouth activity, triggers and conditions: An exploratory study. European Journal of Marketing, 41(11/12), 1475–1494. McNally, S. (2005). Gender and student achievement in English schools. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 21(3), 357-372. Mc Kelvic, S.J. (1978). Graphic rating scales. How many categories. Bristish Journal of Psychology, 69, 185-202. McGrath, J. (2002). Attitudes about marketing in higher education: an exploratory study. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 12(1), 1-14. McNeely, C.A., Nonnemaker, J.M., & Blum, R.W. (2002). Promoting school connectedness: Evidence from the national longitudinal study of adolescent health. Journal of School Health, 72(4), 138–146. McNeely, C., & Falci, C. (2004). School connectedness and the transition into and out of health-risk behavior among adolescents: A comparison of social belonging and teacher support. The Journal of School Health, 74(7), 284–292. Melewar, T., & Akel, S. (2005). The role of corporate identity in the higher education sector: A case study. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 10(1): 41–57. Melewar, T.C. (2003) Determinants of the corporate identity construct: A review of the literature. Journal of Marketing Communications, 9: 195–220. Melewar, T.C., & Jenkins, E. (2002). Defining the corporate identity construct. Corporate Reputation Review 5(1): 76–90. Melewar, T.C., & Karaosmanoglu, E. (2006). Seven dimensions of corporate identity: A categorisation from the practitioners' perspectives. European Journal of Marketing, 40(7/8), 846-869. Melewar, T.C., & Saunders, J. (1998). Global corporate visual identity systems: standardization, control and benefits. International Marketing Review, Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 291-308. Melewar, T.C., Bassett, K., & Simoes, C. (2006). The role of communication and visual identity in modern organizations . Corporate Communications, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 138-47. Millar, F. E., & Rogers, L. E. (1976). A relational approach to interpersonal communication. In G. R. Miller (Eds.), Explorations in interpersonal communication. pp. 87–104. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Miligan, A., & Smith,S. (2002). Uncommon practice: People who deliver a great brand experience. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Miller, J., & Muir, D. (2004). The business of brands. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Moingeon, B. (1999). L’apprentissage organisationnel. Sciences humaines, 62 (6): 36-9. Moorthi, Y.L.R. (2002). An approach to branding services. The Journal of Services Marketing 16(2/3): 259–274. Money, K., and Rose, S. (2010). The impact of the Corporate identity mix on Corporate Reputation. MacMillan Publisher Ltd. Morgan, G. (1986). Images of Organization, Thousand Oakes,Sage. Morrison, S., & Crane, F. G. (2007). Building the service brand by creating and managing an emotional brand experience. Journal of Brand Management, 14(5), 410-421. Murphy, S. T., & Zajonc, R. B. (1993). Affect, cognition, and awareness: affective priming with optimal and suboptimal stimulus exposures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 64(5), 723. National Higher Education Strategic Plan (NHESP) 2007, Ministry of Higher Education. Norasmah, O. (2002). Keberkesanan program keusahawanan remaja di sekolah menengah. PhD thesis, Universiti Putera Malaysia. Naresh K. M. (1999). Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation: New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc. Nilson, H.T., (1998). Competitive Branding-Winning the Marketplace with value added brands. Chichester: Wiley, cop. Naudé,P., & Ivy,J. (1999). The marketing strategies of universities in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Educational Management 13(3): 126–134. O’Cass A., & Grace D (2003). An exploratory perspective of service brand associations. Journal of Service Marketing, 17(5): 452-475. O’Hair, D., Friedrich, G.W., Wiemann, J.M., & Wiemann, M.O. (1995). Competent communication. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Oliver R.L. (1997). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Oliver R.L., R.T. Rust & S. Varki (1997). Customer delight: foundations, findings, and managerial insight. Journal of Retailing, 73(3), 311–36. Osterman, K.F. (2000). Students’ need for belonging in the school community. Review of Educational Research, 70(3), 323–367. Oblinger, D. (2003). Strategic enrolment management: strengthening relationships in higher education, white paper. SAS Institute, North Carolina. Page, G. and Fearn, H. (2005). Corporate reputation: what do consumers really care about?. Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 45 No. 3 pp. 305-13. Palacio, A., Meneses, G. & Perez, P. (2002). The configuration of the university image and its relationship with the satisfaction of students. Journal of Educational Administration 40(5): 486–505. Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual: A step-by-step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows (version 15) (3rd Ed.). New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. Papadopoulos, N., & Heslop, L. (2002). Country equity and country branding: Problems and prospects. Journal of Brand Management, 9(4–5), 294–314. Papasolomou, I., & Vrontis, D. (2006). Using internal marketing to ignite the corporate brand: The case of the UK retail bank industry. Journal of Brand Management 14(1/2): 177–195. Paramewaran, R., & Glowacka, A. (1995). University image: an information processing perspective. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 6(2), 41-55. Parasuraman, A., & Deshpande, R. (1984). The cultural context of marketing management. Proceedings, American Marketing Association, Chicago, 10. Parkerson, B., & Saunders, J. (2005). City branding: Can goods and services branding models be used to brand cities? Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 1(3), 242–264. Peter, T.J., & Waterman, R.H. (1982). In search of Excellence: Lessons from America’s Best-run Companies, Harper and Row Publications, New York, NY. Ponsonby, M.C.S., & Boyle, E. (2006). Understanding brands as experiential spaces: Axiological implication marketing strategists. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 14(2), 175-189. Porter, M.E., & Kramer, M.R. (2006). Strategy and society. Harvard Business Review, December, pp. 3-16. Prahalad, C.K., & Ramaswamy,V. (2004). Co-creation experiences: the next practice in value creation, Journal of Interactive Marketing, 18(3), 5-14. Priporas, C.V., & Kamenidou, I. (2011). Perception of potential postgraduate Greek business students towards UK universities, brand and brand reputation. Brand Management. Vol 18,4/5.264-273. MacMillan Publishers Ltd. Pryor, S., & Grossbart, S. (2007). Creating meaning on the street: Towards a model of place branding. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 3(4), 291–304. Quart, A. (2003). Branded: The buying and selling of teenagers. London: Arrow. Rainisto, S. (2003). Success factors of place marketing: A study of place marketing practices in Northern Europe and the United States. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Helsinki University of Technology, Institute of Strategy and International Business. Retrieved October 9, 2012, from http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2003/isbn9512266849/ Ravald, A., & Gronroos, C. (1996). The value concept and relationship marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 30(2), 19-30. Reedy, J., & Schullo, S. (2004). Electronic marketing: integrating electronic resources into the marketing process. Second edition. Thomson Learning, Ohio. Reicheld, F.F. (1996). Learning from customer defections in the quest for loyalty. Harvard Business Review Book,233-256. Reicheld F. (1996). The loyalty effect: The hidden force behind growth, profits, and lasting value. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Roberts, P.W. & Dowling, G.R. (2002). Corporate reputation and sustained superior financial performance”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 23, No. 12, pp. 1077-93. Rolfe, H. (2003). University strategy in an age of uncertainty: The effect of higher education funding on old and new universities. Higher Education Quarterly, 57(1), 24- 47. Rogers, M. (1998). The definition and measurement of innovation. Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research. Rogerson, W.P. (1983). Reputation and Product Quality, The Bell Journal of Economics, Vol.(2) p.508-516. Rose, C., & Thomsen, S. (2004). The impact of corporate reputation on performance: some Danish evidence. European Management Journal, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 201-10. Rosen, D., Curran, J., & Greenlee, T. (1998b). College choice in a brand elimination framework: the high school student’s perspective. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 8(3), 73-92. Rosen, D., Curran, J., & Greenlee, T. (1998a). College choice in a brand elimination framework:the administrator’s perspective. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 8(4), 61-81. Rosen, D., Curran, J., & Greenlee, T. (1998b). College choice in a brand elimination framework: the high school student’s perspective. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 8(3), 73-92. Rossiter, J.R., & Percy, L., (1997). Advertising, Communication and Promotion Management, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill , New York, NY. Rowley, J. (1988). Promotion and marketing communications in the information marketplace. Library Review, Vol. 47, No. 8, 383-387. Salzer-Mörling, M., & Strannegård, L. (2004). Silence of the brands. European Journal of Marketing, 38(1/2), 224-238. Sany Sanuri Mohd Mokhtar. (2007). The relationships between market orientation and quality orientation and its impacts on the performance of Malaysia manufacturing firms. Thesis Doctor of Philosophy. pp. 148-149. Santovec, M.L. (2007). How three colleges benefited from branding? Recruitment and Retention in Higher Education, 21(5), 8-8. Sautter, E., & Leisen, B. (1999). Managing stakeholders: A tourism planning model. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), 312–323. Saxton, K. (1998). Where do reputations come from? Corporate Reputation Review 1(4): 393–399. Schultz, M., Hatch, M.J., & Larsen, M.H. (2000). Introduction: Why the expressive organization? In M. Schultz, M.J. Hatch, & M.H. Larsen (Eds.), The expressive organization: Linking identity, reputation, and the corporate brand. pp.1–7. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. Schultz, M., & Hatch, M.J. ( 2004). Expressing a Corporate brand through symbols and artifacts: The case of LEGO Company. Schmidt, K. (Eds.) (1995). The Quest for Identity: Strategies, Methods and Examples. Cassell, London. Schein, E.H. (1985). Process Consultation, Volume I: Its Role in Organization Development. (2nd edn). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Schein, E.H. (1992). Organizational Culture and Leadership (rev. edn). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Schwartz, M.D. (1993). Coping disposition, perceived risk, and psychological distress among women at increased risk for ovarian cancer. Health Psychology, 14(3), 232. Sevier, R. (1996). Those important things: what every college president needs to know about marketing and student recruiting. College and University, Spring, 9-16. Sevier, R. (2001). Brand as relevance. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 10(3), 77-96. Sevier, R. (2002). Building a brand that matters: helping colleges and universities capitalize on the four essential elements of a block-buster brand. Strategy Publishing, Indiana. Sekaran, U. (2003). Research method for business. A skill building approaches (4th ed). Hoboken,NJ: John Wiley & Sons Simkin, L., Pride, W., & Ferrell, O. (1994). Marketing: Concepts and Strategies, 2nd European ed., Houghton Mifflin , Boston, MA and London. Shahaida, P., Rajashekar, H., & Nargundkar, R. (2009). A conceptual model of brand-building for B-schools: An Indian perspective. International Journal of Commerce and Management 19(1): 58–71. Shaw, C., & Ivan, J. (2002). Building great customer experiences. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Shenkar, O., & Tuchtman-Yaar, E. (1997).Reputation, image, prestige, and goodwill: An interdisciplinary approach to organizational standing. Human Relations 50(11): 1361–1381. Smircich, I. (1983). Concepts of Culture and Organizational Analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 28. No.3, pp. 339-358. Smith, D., Scott, P., & Lynch, J. (1995). The role of marketing in the university and college sector. Centre for Policy Studies in Education, University of Leeds. Smith, S., & Wheeler, J. (2002). Managing the customer experience: Turning customers into advocates. London: Prentice Hall. Sontaite, M. (2011). Measurement Model of Corporate Reputation at Higher Education Institutions: Customers’ Perspective. pp. 116-130 Stage, F.K., & Hossler, D. (2000). Where is the students. In J.M. Braxton (Eds.), Reworking the student departure puzzle. pp. 170–195. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press. Stimpson, C.R. (2006). Asserting our "Brand". Change, 38, 30-35. Stone, R., & Gronhaug, K. (1993). Perceived risk: Further considerations for the marketing discipline. European Journal of Marketing, 27, 39-50. Sung, M., & Yung.S.U. (2008).Toward the Model of University Image: The influence of Brand Personality, External Prestige, and Reputation. Journal of Public Relations Research. 20(4): 357-376. Taylor, R., & Darling, J. (1991). Perceptions toward marketing higher education: do academic disciplines make a difference? Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 3(2) , 17-38. Temple, P. (2006). Branding higher education: Illusion or reality? Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education 10(1): 15–19. Temporal, P & Lee, K.C. (2001). Hi-Touch Branding, Creating Brand Power in the Age of Technology. Journal of Information & Technology, 94(2), pp. 67-86. Tinto, V. (1997). Classrooms as communities. The Journal of Higher Education, 68(6),599–623. Turley, L.W., & Moore, P.A. (1995) Brand name strategies in the service sector. Journal of Consumer Marketing 12: 42–50. Upshaw, L.B. 1995. Building Brand Identity: A strategy for success in a hostile marketplace. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Van Riel, C. (1995). Principles of Corporate Communication. Prentice Hall, Hemel Hempstead. Vasquez, G.M., & Taylor, M. (2001). Research perspectives on ‘‘the public’’. In R.L. Heath (Eds.), Handbook of public relations .pp. 139–154. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Vazquez, R., del Rio A.B., & Iglesias, V. (2002). Consumer based brand equity: Development and validation of measurement instrument. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol.18, pp.27-48. Veloutsou, C., & Moutinho , L . (2009). Brand relationships through brand reputation and brand tribalism. Journal of Business Research, 62: 314–322. Vrontis, D., Thrassou, A., & Melanthiou, Y . (2007). A contemporary higher education student-choice model for developed countries. Journal of Business Research, 60(9): 979–989. Waeraas, A., & Solbakk, M. (2009). Defining the essence of a university: Lessons from higher education branding. Higher Education 57: 449–462. Ward, J.C., & Ostrom, A.L. (2003). The Internet as information minefield: An analysis of the source and content of brand information yielded by Net searches. Journal of Business Research 56(11): 907–914. Ward, R.M., & Michael, J.L. (2000). Internet shopping, consumer search and product branding. Journal of Product & Brand Management 9(1): 6–20. Wehlage, G. (1989). Dropping out: Can schools be expected to prevent it. In L. Weis, E.Farrar, & H. Petrie (Eds.), Dropouts from school. pp. 1–19. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. Wehlage, G.G., Rutter, R.A., Smith, G.A., Lesk, N., & Fernandez, R.R. (1989). Reducing the risk: Schools as communities of support. Philadelphia: Falmer Press. Westbrook, R.A., & Oliver, R.L, (1991). The dimensionality of consumption emotion patterns and consumer satisfaction. Journal of Consumer Research, 18, 84-91. White, J.B., Miles, M.P., & Levernier, W. (2009). AACSB International and the management of its brand: Implications for the future. Journal of Management Development 28(5): 407–413. Wilkins, Alan. L., & Ouchi, W.G. (1983).Efficient Cultures, Exploring the Relationship between Culture and Organizational Performance. Administrative Science Quarterly , 28, pp, 468-481 Wood, D. (1991). Corporate social performance revisited. Academy of Management Review, 16, 691–718. Yang, S.-U., & Grunig, J.E. (2005). The effects of organization-public relationships outcomes on cognitive representations of organizations and overall Evaluations of organizational performance. Journal of Communication Management, 9(4), 305–326. Yue, K,Y. (2010). The Construction of brand culture based on corporate culture. International Journal of Business and Management. Vol 5, No 4. Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1987). The emotional affect of product involvement. Advances in Consumer Research, 14, 32-35. Zarantonello, L., & Schmitt, B. H. (2010). Using the brand experience scale to profile consumers and predict consumer behaviour. Journal of Brand Management, 17(7), 532-540. Zemsky, R., Shaman, S., & Shapiro, D. (2001). Higher education as competitive enterprise: when markets matter. New Directions for Institutional Research, No. 111. Jossey- Bass Publishers, San Francisco. Zineldin, M. (2004). Co-opetition: The organisation of the future. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 22(7), 780–789. Zikmund, W.G. (2003).Sample designs and sampling procedures . Business Research Methods, 7, 368-400.

Brand Reputation Management: The Influence of Brand Culture, Expression and Experience Toward Brands Reputation

Similar Items