Relationship between perceived organizational politics, organizational trust, selected human resource management practices and turnover intention among Nigerian nurses

Prior research has indicated that employee turnover is detrimental to both individuals and organisations. Because a turnover intention in the workplace is detrimental, several factors have been suggested to better understand the reasons why employees may decide to leave their organisations. Some of...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Abdulkareem, Ramatu Abubakar
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2014
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/4087/1/s811005.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/4087/2/s811005_abstract.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.4087
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Chauchan, Ajay
topic HD58.7 Organizational Behavior.
spellingShingle HD58.7 Organizational Behavior.
Abdulkareem, Ramatu Abubakar
Relationship between perceived organizational politics, organizational trust, selected human resource management practices and turnover intention among Nigerian nurses
description Prior research has indicated that employee turnover is detrimental to both individuals and organisations. Because a turnover intention in the workplace is detrimental, several factors have been suggested to better understand the reasons why employees may decide to leave their organisations. Some of the organizational-related factors that have been considered by previous research include perceived organizational justice, job satisfaction, perceived psychological contract breach, and perceived organizational support, among others. Despite these empirical studies, literatures indicate that less attention has been paid to the influence of perceived organisational politics, organizational trust, and perceived human resource practices management (HRM) practices on employee turnover. Hence, the present study fills in the gap by examining the relationship between perceived organisational politics, organizational trust, perceived human resource management practices and employee turnover among Registered Nurses in Nigerian public hospitals using multiple regression analysis technique. One hundred and seventy five Registered Nurses participated in the study. Result indicated that perceived organisational politics was significantly and positively related to turnover intentions. The result also showed that both organizational trust and perceived human resource practices were significantly and negatively related to turnover intentions. Furthermore, the result showed that male nurses were more likely to leave their organizations or the profession than their female colleagues. Younger nurses were more likely to leave their organizations or the profession than their older colleagues. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
format Thesis
qualification_name masters
qualification_level Master's degree
author Abdulkareem, Ramatu Abubakar
author_facet Abdulkareem, Ramatu Abubakar
author_sort Abdulkareem, Ramatu Abubakar
title Relationship between perceived organizational politics, organizational trust, selected human resource management practices and turnover intention among Nigerian nurses
title_short Relationship between perceived organizational politics, organizational trust, selected human resource management practices and turnover intention among Nigerian nurses
title_full Relationship between perceived organizational politics, organizational trust, selected human resource management practices and turnover intention among Nigerian nurses
title_fullStr Relationship between perceived organizational politics, organizational trust, selected human resource management practices and turnover intention among Nigerian nurses
title_full_unstemmed Relationship between perceived organizational politics, organizational trust, selected human resource management practices and turnover intention among Nigerian nurses
title_sort relationship between perceived organizational politics, organizational trust, selected human resource management practices and turnover intention among nigerian nurses
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business
publishDate 2014
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/4087/1/s811005.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/4087/2/s811005_abstract.pdf
_version_ 1747827678268882944
spelling my-uum-etd.40872022-04-09T23:12:13Z Relationship between perceived organizational politics, organizational trust, selected human resource management practices and turnover intention among Nigerian nurses 2014 Abdulkareem, Ramatu Abubakar Chauchan, Ajay Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business HD58.7 Organizational Behavior. Prior research has indicated that employee turnover is detrimental to both individuals and organisations. Because a turnover intention in the workplace is detrimental, several factors have been suggested to better understand the reasons why employees may decide to leave their organisations. Some of the organizational-related factors that have been considered by previous research include perceived organizational justice, job satisfaction, perceived psychological contract breach, and perceived organizational support, among others. Despite these empirical studies, literatures indicate that less attention has been paid to the influence of perceived organisational politics, organizational trust, and perceived human resource practices management (HRM) practices on employee turnover. Hence, the present study fills in the gap by examining the relationship between perceived organisational politics, organizational trust, perceived human resource management practices and employee turnover among Registered Nurses in Nigerian public hospitals using multiple regression analysis technique. One hundred and seventy five Registered Nurses participated in the study. Result indicated that perceived organisational politics was significantly and positively related to turnover intentions. The result also showed that both organizational trust and perceived human resource practices were significantly and negatively related to turnover intentions. Furthermore, the result showed that male nurses were more likely to leave their organizations or the profession than their female colleagues. Younger nurses were more likely to leave their organizations or the profession than their older colleagues. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed. 2014 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/4087/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/4087/1/s811005.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/4087/2/s811005_abstract.pdf text eng public masters masters Universiti Utara Malaysia Abbas, M., Raja, U., Darr, W., & Bouckenooghe, D. (2012). Combined effects of perceived politics and psychological capital on job satisfaction, Turnover intentions, and performance. Journal of Management. doi: 10.1177/0149206312 455243. Adebayo, S. O., & Ogunsina, S. O. (2011). Influence of supervisory behaviour and job stress on job satisfaction and turnover intention of police personnel in Ekiti state. [Article]. Journal of Management & Strategy, 2(3), 13-20. doi: 10.5430/jms.v2n3p13. Agarwala, T. (2003). Innovative human resource practices and organizational commitment: An empirical investigation. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14, 175-197. doi: 10.1080/095851902100 0029072. Agency Reporter. (2012, June 5). African varsities must be urgently mended, brain drain stemmed, The Punch. Retrieved from http://www.punchng.com/education/african- varsities-must-be-urgently-mendedbrain-drain-stemmed/. Ahmad, S., & Schroeder, R. G. (2003). The impact of human resource management practices on operational performance: recognizing country and industry differences. Journal of Operations Management, 21(1), 19-43. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-6963(02)00056-6. Ajzen, A., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Ali, N., & Jan, S. (2012). Relationship between Organizational Justice and Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intentions amongst Medical Representatives of Pharmaceuticals Companies of Pakistan. [Article]. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 6(2), 201-212. Allen, D. G., Shore, L. M., & Griffeth, R. W. (2003). The role of perceived organizational support and supportive human resource practices in the turnover process. Journal of Management, 29(1), 99-118. doi:10.1177/014920630302900107 Almalki, M. J., FitzGerald, G., & Clark, M. (2012). The relationship between quality of work life and turnover intention of primary health care nurses in Saudi Arabia. BMC health services research, 12, 314-325. Arthur, J. B. (2011). Do HR system characteristics affect the frequency of interpersonal deviance in organizations? The role of team autonomy and internal labor market practices. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 50(1), 30-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-232X.2010.00624.x. Aryee, S., Budhwar, P. S., & Chen, Z. X. (2002). Trust as a mediator of the relationship between organizational justice and work outcomes: Test of a social exchange model. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 23(3), 267-285. doi: 10.1002/job. 138. Aryee, S., & Yue Wah, C. (2001). Workplace justice, citizenship behaviour, and turnover intentions in a union context: Examining the mediating role of perceived union support and union instrumentality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 154-160. doi: 10.1037//0021-9010.86.1.154. Ashar, M., Ghafoor, M. M., Munir, E., & Hafeez, S. (2013). The impact of perceptions of training on employee commitment and turnover intention: Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Human Resource Studies,3(1), 74-88. Aswathappa, K. (2008). Human resource management: Text and cases. Delhi Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. Bahrami, S., Hasanpour, M., Rajaeepour, S., Aghahosseni, T., & Hodhodineghad, N. (2012). The relationship between organizational trust and nurse administrators' productivity in hospitals. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 17, 451-455. Bassi, S. Y. (2004, September 20-22). The Role of the Directorate of Technical Cooperation in Africa (DTCA) in technology transfer and acquisition in African countries. Paper presented at the 2nd African Regional Conference on Engineering Education, University of Lagos, Nigeria. Batt, R., & Valcour, P. M. (2003). Human resources practices as predictors of workfamily outcomes and employee turnover. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 42, 189-220. doi: 10.1111/1468-232x. 00287. Bedi, A., & Schat, A. C. H. (2013). Perceptions of organizational politics: A metaanalysis of its attitudinal, health, and behavioural consequences. Canadian Psychology/ Psychologie canadienne, 54, 246-259. doi: 10.1037/a0034549. Beecroft, P. C., Dorey, F., & Wenten, M. (2008). Turnover intention in new graduate nurses: a multivariate analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 41-52. doi: 10.1111/j. 1365-2648.2007.04570.x. Benjamin, A. (2012). Human Resource Development Climate as a Predictor of Citizenship Behaviour and Voluntary Turnover Intentions in the Banking Sector. International Business Research, 5(1), p110. Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Transaction Publishers. Blomme, R. J., van Rheede, A., & Tromp, D. M. (2010). The use of the psychological contract to explain turnover intentions in the hospitality industry: a research study on the impact of gender on the turnover intentions of highly educated employees. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21, 144-162. doi: 10.1080/09585190903466954. Brashear, T. G., Manolis, C., & Brooks, C. M. (2005). The effects of control, trust, and justice on salesperson turnover. Journal of Business Research, 58(3), 241-249. doi: 10.1016/s0148-2963(03)00134-6 Byrne, Z. (2005). Fairness reduces the negative effects of organizational politics on turnover intentions, citizenship behaviour and Job performance. Journal of Business & Psychology, 20, 175-200. doi: 10.1007/s10869-005-8258-0. Cantor, D. E., Macdonald, J. R., & Crum, M. R. (2011). The Influence of Workplace Justice Perceptions on Commercial Driver Turnover Intentions. [Article]. Journal of Business Logistics, 32(3), 274-286. doi: 10.1111/j.2158-1592.2011. 01022.x. Carnevale, D. G., & Wechsler, B. (1992). Trust in the public sector: Individual and organizational determinants. Administration & Society, 23, 471-494. doi: 10.1177/009539979202300404. Cascio, W. F. (2000). Costing human resources: The financial impact of behavior in organizations (4th ed.). Boston, MA: PWS-Kent Publishing Company. Castle, N. G., Engberg, J., Anderson, R., & Men, A. (2007). Job satisfaction of nurse aides in Nursing Homes: Intent to leave and turnover. The Gerontologist, 47, 193-204. doi: 10.1093/geront/47.2.193. Chan, E.-Y., & Morrison, P. (2000). Factors influencing the retention and turnover intentions of registered nurses in a Singapore hospital. Nursing & Health Sciences, 2, 113-121. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-2018.2000.00046.x. Chen, M.-F., Lin, C.-P., & Lien, G.-Y. (2010). Modelling job stress as a mediating role in predicting turnover intention. The Service Industries Journal, 31, 1327-1345. doi: 10.1080/02642060903 437543. Chinomona, R., & Chinomona, E. (2013). The influence of employees' perceptions of organizational politics on turnover intentions in Zimbabwe's SME sector. South African Journal of Business Management, 44, 57-66. Cho, S., Johanson, M. M., & Guchait, P. (2009). Employees intent to leave: A comparison of determinants of intent to leave versus intent to stay. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28, 374-381. doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijhm.2008.10.007. Choi Sang, L., & Lee Yean, T. (2011). Relationship Between Leadership Style, Job Satisfaction and Employees' Turnover Intention: A Literature Review. [Article]. Research Journal of Business Management, 5(3), 91-100. doi: 10.3923/rjbm.2011.91.100. Chow, C. W., Haddad, K., & Singh, G. (2007). Human Resource Management, Job Satisfaction, Morale, Optimism, and Turnover. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 8(2), 73-88. doi: 10.1300/J149v08n02_04. Cook, J., & Wall, T. (1980). New work attitude measures of trust, organizational commitment and personal need non-fulfillment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 53, 39-52. Costigan, R. D., Insinga, R. C., Berman, J. J., Kranas, G., & Kureshov, V. A. (2011). Revisiting the relationship of supervisor trust and CEO trust to turnover intentions: A three-country comparative study. Journal of World Business, 46(1), 74-83. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2010.05.019. Cotton, J. L., & Tuttle, J. M. (1986). Employee turnover: A meta-analysis and review with implications for research. The Academy of Management Review, 11(1), 55-70. doi: 10.2307/258331. DeConinck, J. B., & Johnson, J. T. (2009). The effects of perceived supervisor support, perceived organizational support, and organizational justice on turnover among salespeople. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 29, 333- 351. doi: 10.2753/PSS0885-3134290403. Deery, M. A., & Shaw, R. N. (1999). An investigation of the relationship between employee turnover and organizational culture. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 23, 387-400. doi: 10.1177/109634809902300404. Deluga, R. J. (1995). The relation between trust in the supervisor and subordinate organizational citizenship behavior. Military Psychology, 7(1), 1-16. doi: 10.1207/s15327876mp0701_1. Demir, M. (2011). Effects of organizational justice, trust and commitment on employees' deviant behavior. Anatolia, 22, 204-221. doi: 10.1080/13032917.2011.597934. Demo, G., Neiva, E. R., Nunes, I., & Rozzett, K. (2012). Human resources management policies and practices scale: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. BAR - Brazilian Administration Review, 9(4), 395-420. Dhiman, G. R., & Mohanty, R. P. (2010). HRM Practices, Attitudinal Outcomes and Turnover Intent: An Empirical Study in Indian Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Sector. South Asian Journal of Management, 17(4), 74-104. Dysvik, A., & Kuvaas, B. (2008). The relationship between perceived training opportunities, work motivation and employee outcomes. International Journal of Training and Development, 12(3), 138-157. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2419.2008.00301.x. Erkutlu, H. , & Chafra, J. (2013). Effects of trust and psychological contract violation on authentic leadership and organizational deviance. Management Research Review, 36, 828-848. doi: 10.1108/MRR-06-2012-0136. Ferris, G. R., Harrell-Cook, G., & Dulebohn, J. H. (2000). Organizational politics: The nature of the relationship between politics perceptions and political behaviour. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 17, 89-130. Fey, C. F., & Björkman, I. (2001). The effect of human resource management practices on MNC subsidiary performance in Russia. Journal of International Business Studies, 32(1), 59-75. doi: 10.2307/3069510. Fiorito, J., Bozeman, D. P., Young, A., & Meurs, J. A. (2007). Organizational commitment, human resource practices, and organizational characteristics. Journal of Managerial Issues, 19, 186-207. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Fochsen, G., Josephson, M., Hagberg, M., Toomingas, A., & Lagerström, M. (2006). Predictors of leaving nursing care: a longitudinal study among Swedish nursing personnel. Occupational and environmental medicine, 63(3), 198-201. Gandz, J., & Murray, V. V. (1980). The experience of workplace politics. Academy of Management Journal, 23, 237-251. doi: 10.2307/255429. Glebbeek, A. C., & Bax, E. H. (2004). Is high employee turnover really harmful? an empirical test using company records. Academy of Management Journal, 47, 277-286. doi: 10.2307/20159578. Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review,161-178. Gregory, B. T., Harris, S. G., Armenakis, A. A., & Shook, C. L. (2009). Organizational culture and effectiveness: A study of values, attitudes, and organizational outcomes. Journal of Business Research, 62, 673-679. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.05.021. Grissom, J. A., Nicholson-Crotty, J., & Keiser, L. (2012). Does My Boss's Gender Matter? Explaining Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover in the Public Sector. Journal of Public Administration Research & Theory, 22, 649-673. Haines III, V. Y., Jalette, P., & Larose, K. (2009). Influence of human resource management practices on employee voluntary turnover rates in the Canadian non governmental sector. Indus. & Lab. Rel. Rev., 63, 228. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M. , Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40, 414-433. Harris, K., Andrews, M., & Kacmar, K. (2007). The moderating effects of justice on the relationship between organizational politics and workplace attitudes. Journal of Business & Psychology, 22, 135-144. doi: 10.1007/s10869-007-9054-9. Hellman, C. M. (1997). Job Satisfaction and Intent to Leave. Journal of Social Psychology, 137, 677-689. Hemdi, M. A., & Nasurdin, A. M. (2006) Predicting turnover intentions of hotel employees: The influence of employee development human resource management practices and trust in organization. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 8(1), 21-42. Ho, J. A., Sambasivan, M., & Liew, E. Y. (2013). The relationship between job insecurity, shock, and turnover intention, amongst survivors of organizational downsizing. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21, 101-114. Hogh, A., Hoel, H., & Carneiro, I. G. (2011). Bullying and employee turnover among healthcare workers: a three-wave prospective study. Journal of Nursing Management, 19, 742-751. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2011.01264.x. Holtom, B. C., Mitchell, T. R., Lee, T. W., & Eberly, M. B. (2008). Turnover and retention research: A glance at the past, a closer review of the present, and a venture into the future. Academy of Management Annals, 2, 231-274. doi: 10.1080/19416520802211552. Hsu, C.-P., Chiang, C.-Y., Chang, C.-W., Huang, H.-C., & Chen, C.-C. (2013) Enhancing the commitment of nurses to the organisation by means of trust and monetary reward. Journal of Nursing Management, n/a-n/a. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12180. Huang, I.-C., Chuang, C.-H. J., & Lin, H.-C. (2003). The role of burnout in the relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and turnover intentions. Public Personnel Management, 32, 519-531. doi: 10.1177/009102600303200404. Huselid, M. A. (1995). The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity, and corporate financial performance. The Academy of Management Journal, 38, 635-672 . doi: 10.2307/256741. Iverson, R. D., & Deery, M. (1997). Turnover culture in the hospitality industry. Human Resource Management Journal, 7(4), 71-82. doi:10.1111/j.1748 -8583.1997.tb00290.x. Jawahar, I., & Hemmasi, P. (2006). Perceived organizational support for women's advancement and turnover intentions: The mediating role of job and employer satisfaction. Women in Management Review, 21, 643-661. doi: 10.1108/09649420610712036. Jiang, B., Baker, R. C., & Frazier, G. V. (2009). An analysis of job dissatisfaction and turnover to reduce global supply chain risk: Evidence from China. Journal of Operations Management, 27, 169-184. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. jom.2007.09.002. Jiunn-Horng, L., Hsing-Yi, Y., Hsiu-Yueh, H., & Hung-Da, D. (2007). A study of role stress, organizational commitment and intention to quit among male nurses in Southern Taiwan. [Article]. Journal of Nursing Research, 15(1), 43-53. Joarder, M. H. (2012). The role of HRM practices in predicting faculty turnover intention: empirical evidence from private universities in Bangladesh. The South East Asian Journal of Management, 5, 159-178. Joarder, M. H. R., Sharif, M. Y., & Ahmmed, K. (2011). Mediating role of affective commitment in HRM practices and turnover intention relationship: A study in a developing context. Business & Economics Research Journal, 2, 135-158. Kacmar, K. M., & Carlson, D. S. (1997). Further validation of the perceptions of politics scale (pops): A multiple sample investigation. Journal of Management, 23, 627-658. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(97)90019-2. Kacmar, K. M., & Ferris, G. R. (1991). Perceptions of Organizational Politics Scale (POPS): Development and construct validation. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 51, 193-205. doi: 10.1177/0013164491511019. Kehoe, R. R., & Wright, P. M. (2013). The impact of high- performance human resource practices on employees‟ attitudes and behaviours. Journal of Management, 39, 366- 391. doi: 10.1177/0149206310365901. Kickul, J., & Lester,S. (2001). Broken promises: Equity sensitivity as a moderator between psychological contract breach and employee attitudes and behavior. Journal of Business and Psychology, 16, 191-217. doi: 10.1023/a:1011105132252. Kim, S. (2012). The impact of human resource management on state government IT employee turnover intentions. Public Personnel Management, 41, 257-279. Kooij, D. T. A. M., Jansen, P. G. W., Dikkers, J. S. E., & De Lange, A. H. (2010). The influence of age on the associations between HR practices and both affective commitment and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 31, 1111-1136. doi: 10.1002/job.666. Koys, D. J. (2001). The effects of employee satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, and turnover on organizational effectiveness: A unit-level, longitudinal study. Personnel Psychology, 54(1), 101-114. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2001.tb00087.x. Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement 30, 607-610. Lam, T., Lo, A., & Chan, J. (2002) New employees' turnover intentions and organizational commitment in the Hong Kong hotel industry. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 26, 217-234. doi: 10.1177/ 1096348002026003002. Lam, W., Chen, Z., & Takeuchi, N. (2009). Perceived human resource management practices and intention to leave of employees: the mediating role of organizational citizenship behaviour in a Sino-Japanese joint venture. [Article]. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, 2250-2270. doi: 10.1080/0958519090 3239641. Layne, C. M., Hohenshil, T. H., & Singh, K. (2004) The Relationship of occupational stress, psychological strain, and coping resources to the turnover intentions of rehabilitation counselors. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 48(1), 19-30. doi: 10.1177/00343552040480010301. Lee, C.-H., Hsu, M.-L., & Lien, N.-H. (2006). The impacts of benefit plans on employee turnover: a firm-level analysis approach on Taiwanese manufacturing industry. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17, 1951-1975. doi: 10.1080/09585190601000154. Lee, D.-C., Hung, L.-M., & Chen, M.-L. (2012). Empirical study on the influence among corporate sponsorship, organizational commitment, organizational cohesiveness and turnover intention. Journal of Management and Sustainability, 2(2), p43. Lee, T. H. (2012). Gender differences in voluntary turnover: Still a paradox? International Business Research, 5(10), 19-28. doi: 10.5539/ibr.v5n10p19. Long, C. S., Perumal, P., & Ajagbe, M. A. (2012). Theimpact of human resource management practices on employees' turnover intention: A conceptual model. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 4, 629-641. Lyness, K. S. , & Judiesch, M. K. (2001). Are female managers quitters? The relationships of gender, promotions, and family leaves of absence to voluntary turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 1167-1178. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.86.6.1167. Maertz, C. P., Griffeth, R. W., Campbell, N. S., & Allen, D. G. (2007). The effects of perceived organizational support and perceived supervisor support on employee turnover. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28,1059-1075. doi: 10.1002/job.472. March, J. G., & Simon, H. A. (1958). Organization. New York: Wiley. Mardanov, I. T., Maertz, C. P., & Sterrett, J. L. (2008). Leader-member exchangeand job satisfacton: Cross-industry comparisons and predicted employee turnover. Journal of Leadership Studies, 2(2), 63-82. doi: 10.1002/jls.20062. Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. The Academy of Management Review, 20, 709-734. doi: 10.2307/258792. McKinney, W. R., Bartlett, K. R., & Mulvaney, M. A. (2007). Measuring the costs of employee turnover in Illinois public park and recreation agencies: An exploratory study. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 25(1), 50-74. Miller, B., Rutherford, M., & Kolodinsky, R. (2008). Perceptions of organizational politics: A meta-analysis of outcomes. Journal of Business & Psychology, 22, 209-222. doi: 10.1007/s10869-008-9061-5. Mobley, W.H. (1977) Intermediate linkages in the relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(2), 237-240. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.62.2.237. Mobley, W. H. (1982). Employee turnover: Causes, consequences, and control. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Mobley, W. H., Griffeth, R. W., Hand, H. H., & Meglino, B. M. (1979). Review and conceptual analysis of the employee turnover process. Psychological Bulletin, 86(3), 493-522. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.493. Moore, J. E. (2000). One road to turnover: An examination of work exhaustion in technology professionals. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 24(1), 141-168. Morrison, E. W. (1996). Organizational citizenship behavior as a critical link between HRM practices and service quality. Human Resource Management, 35, 493-512. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-050x(199624)35:4<493::aid-hrm4>3.0.co;2-r Mosadeghrad, A. M., Ferlie, E., & Rosenberg, D. (2008). A study of the relationship between job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention among hospital employees. Health Services Management Research, 21, 211-227. doi: 10.1258/hsmr.2007.007015. Munzali, J., & Obaje, A. (2008). Nigeria.” In Higher Education in Africa: the International Dimension. In D. Teferra & J. Knight (Eds.), (pp. 339-366). Boston: Center for International Higher Education and Association of African Universities. Nadiri, H., & Tanova, C. (2010). An investigation of the role of justice in turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior in hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(1), 33-41. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.05. 001. Ngo, H.-Y., Turban, D., Lau, C.-M., & Lui, S.-Y. (1998) Human resource practices and firm performance of multinational corporations: influences of country origin. [Article]. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 9, 632-652. doi: 10.1080/095851998340937. Noe, R. A. (2010). Employee training and development (5 ed.) . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin Boston. Nyhan, R. C., & Marlowe, H. A. (1997). Development and psychometric properties of the organizational trust inventory. Evaluation Review, 21(5), 614-635. doi: 10.1177/0193841x9702 100505. Paillé, P., Grima, F., & Dufour, M.-È. (2012). Contribution to social exchange in public organizations: examining how support, trust, satisfaction, commitment and work outcomes are related. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1-27. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2012. 654809. Parker, R. J., & Kohlmeyer III, J. M. (2005). Organizational justice and turnover in public accounting firms: a research note. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 30, 357-369. doi: 10.1108/17511870910928001. Petersitzke, M. (2009). Managing psychological contracts through human resource practices Supervisor psychological contract management (pp. 119-129). Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag. Petrescu, A. I., & Simmons, R. (2008). Human resource management practices and workers' job satisfaction. International Journal of Manpower, 29, 651-667. doi: 10.1108/01437720810908947. Pfeffer, J. (1998). Seven practices of successful organizations. California Management Review, 40(2), 96-124. Ponnu, C., & Chuah, C. (2010). Organizational commitment, organizational justice and employee turnover in Malaysia. Afr. J. Bus. Manage, 4(13), 2676-2692. Poon, J. M. L. (2004). Effects of performance appraisal politics on job satisfaction and turnover intention. Personnel Review, 33, 322-334. Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1973). Organizational, work, and personal factors in employee turnover and absenteeism. Psychological Bulletin, 80(2), 151-176. doi:10.1037/h0034829 Price, J. L. (1977). The study of turnover. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press. Rahman, W., & Nas, Z. (2013). Employee development and turnover intention: theory validation. European Journal of Training and Development, 37(6), 564-579. Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2010). Organizational Behaviour (14 ed.). New York: Prentice Hall Robinson, J. P., Shaver, P. R., & Wrightsman, L. S. (1991). Criteria for scale selection and evaluation. In J. P. Robinson, P. R. Shaver & L. S. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes (pp.1-15). San Diego: Academic Press. San Park, J., & Kim, T. H. (2009) Do types of organizational culture matter in nurse job satisfaction and turnover intention? Leadership in Health Services, 22(1), 20-38. Sanderson, A., Phua, V., & Herda,D. (2000). The American faculty poll. New York: National Opinion Research Center, Illinois, Chicago. Saridakis, G., Muñoz Torres, R., & Johnstone, S. (2013). Do human resource practices enhance organizational commitment in SMEs with low employee satisfaction? British Journal of Management, 24, 445-458. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8551.2012.00814.x. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students (5th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Schyns, B., Torka, N., & Gössling, T. (2007). Turnover intention and preparedness for change: exploring leader-member exchange and occupational self- efficacy as antecedents of two employability predictors. Career Development International, 12(7), 660-679. Sekaran, U. (2003). Research methods for business: A skill building approach (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2010). Research methods for business: A skill building approach (5th ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Şendoğdu, A. A., Kocabacak, A., & Güven, Ş. (2013). The Relationship between Human Resource Management Practices and Organizational Commitment: A Field Study. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 818-827. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.553 Shamsudin, F. M., Subramaniam, C., & Alshuaibi, A. S. (2012) The effect of HR practices, leadership style on cyberdeviance: The mediating role of organizational commitment. Journal of Marketing and Management, 3(1), 22- 48. Simon, M., Müller, B. H., & Hasselhorn, H. M. (2010). Leaving the organization or the profession – a multilevel analysis of nurses‟ intentions. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66, 616-626. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05204.x. Singh, U., & Srivastava, K. L. (2009). Interpersonal trust and organizational citizenship behavior. Psychological Studies, 54(1), 65-76. doi: 10.1007/s12646-009-0008-3. Staufenbiel, T., & König, C. J. (2010). A model for the effects of job insecurity on performance, turnover intention, and absenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(1), 101-117. doi: 10.1348/ 096317908x401912. Su, S., Baird, K., & Blair, B. (2009). Employee organizational commitment: the influence of cultural and organizational factors in the Australian manufacturing industry. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, 2494-2516. doi: 10.1080/0958519090 3363813. Suliman, A. M., & Al Obaidli, H. (2011). Organizational climate and turnover in Islamic banking in the UAE. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 4(4), 308-324. Sun, L.-Y., Aryee, S., & Law, K. S. (2007). High-performance human resource practices, citizenship behaviour, and organizational performance: A relational perspective. The Academy of Management Journal, 50, 558-577. doi: 10.2307/ 20159873. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Tan, H. H., & Tan, C. S. F. (2000). Toward the differentiation of trust in supervisor and trust in organization. [Article]. Genetic, Social & General Psychology Monographs, 126(2), 241-260. Tett, R. P., & Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: Path analyses based on meta-analytic findings. Personnel Psychology, 46, 259-293. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00874.x. Thang, L. C., & Quang, T. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of dimensions of human resource management practices in Vietnam. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16, 1830-1846. doi: 10.1080/0958519050 0298420. Thatcher, J. B., Stepina, L. P., & Boyle, R. J. (2002). Turnover of Information Technology Workers: Examining Empirically the Influence of Attitudes, Job Characteristics, and External Markets. [Article]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(3), 231-261. Thau, S. , Crossley, C., Bennett, R. J., & Sczesny, S. (2007). The relationship between trust, attachment, and antisocial work behaviours. Human Relations, 60, 1155-1179. Thomas, S. L. (1999). Compensation. In L. H. Peters, C. R. Greer & S. A. Youngblood (Eds.), Blackwell encyclopedic dictionary of human resource management (pp. 53). Oxford: Blackwell. Vigoda, E. (2000). Organizational politics, job attitudes, and work outcomes: Exploration and implications for the public sector. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 57, 326-347. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1742. Waswa, F., & Katana, G. (2008). Academic staff perspectives on operating beyond industrial actions for sustainable quality assurance in public universities in Kenya. International Journal of Environment, Workplace and Employment, 4(1), 45-58. Way, C., Gregory, D., Davis, J., Baker, N., LeFort, S., Barrett, B., & Parfrey, P. (2007). The Impact of organizational culture on clinical managers' organizational commitment and turnover intentions. Journal of Nursing Administration, 37, 235-242 doi: 10.1097/01.NNA.0000269741.32513.7f. Wei, Y. C., Han, T. S., & Hsu, I. C. (2010). High-performance HR practices and OCB: a cross-level investigation of a causal path. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21, 1631-1648. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2010.500487 Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, causes and consequences of affective experiences at work. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior: An annual series of analytical essays and critical reviews (pp. 1–74 ). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Yang, J.-T. (2008). Effect of newcomer socialisation on organisational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intention in the hotel industry. The Service Industries Journal, 28, 429-443. doi: 10.1080/02642060801917430. Yau-De, W., Chyan, Y., & Kuei-Ying, W. (2012). Comparing public and private employees' job satisfaction and turnover. [Article]. Public Personnel Management, 41, 557- 573. Yilmaz, K., & Tasdan, M. (2009). Organizational citizenship and organizational justice in Turkish primary schools. Journal of Educational Administration, 47, 108-126. Zeinabadi, H., & Salehi, K. (2011). Role of procedural justice, trust, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment in Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of teachers: Proposing a modified social exchange model. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 1472-1481. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.387. Zheng, C., & Lamond, D. (2010). Organisational determinants of employee turnover for multinational companies in Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 27, 423-443. doi: 10.1007/s10490-009-9159-y. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., & Griffin, M. (2009). Business research methods (8th ed.). USA: South-Western College Publishing.