Organisational formal controls, group norms and workplace deviance: The moderating role of self-regulatory efficacy

Organisational formal controls, group norms and workplace deviance: The moderating role of self-regulatory efficacy

Drawing upon self-efficacy theory, organisational control theory, and social learning theory, this study examined the role of self-regulatory efficacy in buffering the effects of organizational formal control and perceived workgroup norms on deviant workplace behaviour. A total of 265 academics fro...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Kura, Kabiru Maitama
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2014
Subjects:
HD58.7 Organizational Behavior.
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/4366/1/s93562.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/4366/7/s93562_abstract.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.4366
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Mohd. Shamsudin, Faridahwati
Chauhan, Ajay
topic HD58.7 Organizational Behavior.
spellingShingle HD58.7 Organizational Behavior.
Kura, Kabiru Maitama
Organisational formal controls, group norms and workplace deviance: The moderating role of self-regulatory efficacy
description Drawing upon self-efficacy theory, organisational control theory, and social learning theory, this study examined the role of self-regulatory efficacy in buffering the effects of organizational formal control and perceived workgroup norms on deviant workplace behaviour. A total of 265 academics from universities located in the northwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria participated in the study. Results supported the hypothesized direct effects of organizational formal control and perceived workgroup norms on deviant workplace behaviour. In addition, self-regulatory efficacy moderated these relationships. Specifically, there was a stronger negative relationship between perceived behavioural control and interpersonal deviance for individuals with high as opposed to low levels of self-regulatory efficacy. Similar result regarding the moderating effect of self-regulatory efficacy on the relationship between perceived behavioural control and organisational deviance was found. Furthermore, the findings indicated a weaker positive relationship between perceived descriptive norms and interpersonal deviance for individuals with high as opposed to low levels of self-regulatory efficacy. Similarly, results indicated that the relationship between perceived descriptive norm and organisational deviance was less positive for individuals with high self-regulatory efficacy as opposed to low levels of self-regulatory efficacy. Finally, the relationship between perceived injunctive norms and organisational deviance was weaker for individuals with high self-regulatory efficacy than it was for individuals with low self-regulatory efficacy. In general, these findings supported the view that self- regulatory efficacy can override predispositions of individuals to engage in deviant workplace behaviour. Theoretical, methodological and practical implications are discussed.
format Thesis
qualification_name other
qualification_level Doctorate
author Kura, Kabiru Maitama
author_facet Kura, Kabiru Maitama
author_sort Kura, Kabiru Maitama
title Organisational formal controls, group norms and workplace deviance: The moderating role of self-regulatory efficacy
title_short Organisational formal controls, group norms and workplace deviance: The moderating role of self-regulatory efficacy
title_full Organisational formal controls, group norms and workplace deviance: The moderating role of self-regulatory efficacy
title_fullStr Organisational formal controls, group norms and workplace deviance: The moderating role of self-regulatory efficacy
title_full_unstemmed Organisational formal controls, group norms and workplace deviance: The moderating role of self-regulatory efficacy
title_sort organisational formal controls, group norms and workplace deviance: the moderating role of self-regulatory efficacy
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business
publishDate 2014
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/4366/1/s93562.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/4366/7/s93562_abstract.pdf
_version_ 1747827723534860288
spelling my-uum-etd.43662022-05-23T02:31:25Z Organisational formal controls, group norms and workplace deviance: The moderating role of self-regulatory efficacy 2014 Kura, Kabiru Maitama Mohd. Shamsudin, Faridahwati Chauhan, Ajay Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business HD58.7 Organizational Behavior. Drawing upon self-efficacy theory, organisational control theory, and social learning theory, this study examined the role of self-regulatory efficacy in buffering the effects of organizational formal control and perceived workgroup norms on deviant workplace behaviour. A total of 265 academics from universities located in the northwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria participated in the study. Results supported the hypothesized direct effects of organizational formal control and perceived workgroup norms on deviant workplace behaviour. In addition, self-regulatory efficacy moderated these relationships. Specifically, there was a stronger negative relationship between perceived behavioural control and interpersonal deviance for individuals with high as opposed to low levels of self-regulatory efficacy. Similar result regarding the moderating effect of self-regulatory efficacy on the relationship between perceived behavioural control and organisational deviance was found. Furthermore, the findings indicated a weaker positive relationship between perceived descriptive norms and interpersonal deviance for individuals with high as opposed to low levels of self-regulatory efficacy. Similarly, results indicated that the relationship between perceived descriptive norm and organisational deviance was less positive for individuals with high self-regulatory efficacy as opposed to low levels of self-regulatory efficacy. Finally, the relationship between perceived injunctive norms and organisational deviance was weaker for individuals with high self-regulatory efficacy than it was for individuals with low self-regulatory efficacy. In general, these findings supported the view that self- regulatory efficacy can override predispositions of individuals to engage in deviant workplace behaviour. Theoretical, methodological and practical implications are discussed. 2014 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/4366/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/4366/1/s93562.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/4366/7/s93562_abstract.pdf text eng public other doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia Ackroyd, S., & Thompson, P. (1999) Organizational misbehaviour. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Adams, J. S. (1963). Towards an understanding of inequity. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 422-436. doi: 10.1037/h0040968. Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. In B. Leonard (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 267-299): Academic Press. Adamu, A. (2012, March 4). Sex for grade lecturers of Sokoto State Polytechnic. [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://nigeriamas terweb.com/blog/index.php/2012/04/03/sex-for- gradelecturers-of-sokoto-state-polytechnic. Adebayo, S. O., & Nwabuoku, U. C. (2008). Conscientiousness and perceived organizational support as predictors of employee absenteeism. Parkistan Journal of Social Sciences, 5,363-367. Adebayo, S. O., & Ogunsina, S. O. (2011). Influence of supervisory behaviour and job stress on job satisfaction and turnover intention of police personnel in Ekiti State. Journal of Management and Strategy, 2(3), 13-20. doi: 10.5430/jms.v2n3p13. Adedeji, D. K. (2013, May 21). Nigeria’s Agriculture University, FUNAAB, sacks professor, two other lecturers for plagiarism, The Premium Times. Retrieved from http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/135438-nigerias-agricultureuniversity-funaab-sacks- professor-two-other-lecturers-for-plagiarism. html. Ademola, A. P., Simeon, A. O., & Kingsley, A. K. (2012). Academic corruption and the challenge of unemployable graduates in Nigeria: Implications for entrepreneurship development and economic growth. Journal of Commerce, 4(1), 1-12. Adeyemo, D. A., & Afolabi, J. O. (2007). Influence of sexual harassment, occupational stress, emotional intelligence and job satisfaction on withdrawal cognition of female media practitioners in Oyo State, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Social Science, 4, 639-646. Agarwal, S., & Ramaswami, S. (1993). Marketing controls and employee responses: The moderating role of task characteristics. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 21, 293-306. doi: 10.1007/bf02894522. Agnew, R. (1985). A revised strain theory of delinquency. Social Forces, 64, 151-167. doi: 10.1093/sf/64.1.151. Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30(1), 47-88. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1992.tb 01093.x. Ahearne, M., Rapp, A., Hughes, D. E., & Jindal, R. (2010) Managing sales force product perceptions and control systems in the success of new product Introductions. [Article]. Journal of Marketing Research 47, 764-776. doi: 10.1509/jmkr.47.4.764. Ahmad, Z., & Norhashim, M. (2008) The Control environment, employee fraud and counterproductive workplace behaviour: An empirical analysis. Communications of the IBIMA, 3, 145-155. Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to action: A theory ofplanned behaviour. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckman (Eds.), Action control: From cognitions to behaviours (pp. 11-39). New York, NY: Springer. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211. doi: 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t. Akins, C. K. (2004). The Role of Pavlovian Conditioning in Sexual Behavior: A Comparative Analysis of Human and Nonhuman Animals. International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 17(2). Alias, M., Rasdi, R. M., Ismail, M., & Abu-Samah, B. (2013). Influences of individual- related factors and job satisfaction on workplace deviant behaviour among support personnel in Malaysian public service organizations. Human Resource Development International, 1-20. doi: 10.1080/13678868.2013. 812315. Allen, T. D., Barnard, S., Rush, M. C., & Russell, J. E. A. (2000). Ratings of organizational citizenship behaviour: Does the source make a difference? Human Resource Management Review, 10, 97-115. Allen, T. D., Eby, L. T., Poteet, M. L., Lentz, E., & Lima, L. (2004). Career benefits associated with mentoring for Protégés: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 127-136. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.89.1.127. Ambrose, M. L., Schminke, M., & Mayer, D. M. (2013). Trickle-down effects of supervisor perceptions of interactional justice: A moderated mediation approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98, 678-689. doi: 10.1037/a0032080. Ambrose, M. L., Seabright, M. A., & Schminke, M. (2002). Sabotage in the workplace: The role of organizational injustice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 89, 947-965. doi: 10.1016/s0749-5978(02)00037-7. Ames, G. M., Grube, J. W., & Moore, R. S. (2000) Social control and workplace drinking norms: A comparison of two organizational cultures. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61, 203-219. Analoui, F. (1995). Workplace sabotage: its styles, motives and management. Journal of Management Development, 14(7), 48-65. doi: 10.1108/02621719510097361. Anandarajan, M., & Simmers, C. A. (2005). Developing human capital through personal web use in the workplace: mapping employee perceptions. Communications of the Association for information Systems, 15, 776–791. Anderson, E., & Oliver, R. L. (1987). Perspectives on behavior-based versus outcome- based salesforce control systems. The Journal of Marketing, 51, 76-88. Andersson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999). Tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 24, 452-471. doi: 10.5465/amr.1999.2202131. Appelbaum, S. H., Iaconi, G. D., & Matousek, A. (2007). Positive and negative deviant workplace behaviors: causes, impacts, and solutions. Corporate Governance, 7, 586-598. doi: 10.1108/14720700710827176. Aquino, K., Galperin, B. L., & Bennett, R. J. (2004). Social status and aggressiveness as moderators of the relationship between interactional justice and workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34, 1001-1029. doi: doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02581.x. Aquino, K., Lewis, M. U., & Bradfield, M. (1999). Justice constructs, negative affectivity, and employee deviance: A proposed model and empirical. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 20, 1073-1091. Armstrong, J. S., & Overton, T. S. (1977). Estimating Nonresponse Bias in Mail Surveys. Journal of Marketing Research 14, 396-402. Arthur, J. B. (2011). Do HR system characteristics affect the frequency of interpersonal deviance in organizations? The role of team autonomy and internal labor market practices. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 50(1), 30-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-232X.2010.00624.x. Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2007). Empirical, theoretical, and practical advantages of the HEXACO model of personality structure. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11, 150-166. doi: 10.1177/1088868306294907. Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2008). The prediction of Honesty–Humility-related criteria by the HEXACO and Five-Factor Models of personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 1216-1228. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2008.03.006. Asika, N. (1991). Research methodology in the behavioural sciences. Lagos: Longman Nigeria Plc. Babajide, E. O. (2010). The influence of personal factors on workers‟ turnover intention in work organizations in South-West Nigeria. Journal of Diversity Management 5(4), 1-10. Babakus, E., Cravens, D. W., Grant, K., Ingram, T. N., & LaForge, R. W. (1996). Investigating the relationships among sales, management control, sales territory design, salesperson performance, and sales organization effectiveness. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13(4), 345-363. doi: 10.1016/s0167-8116(96)00016-x. Bacon, D. R., Sauer, P. L., & Young, M. (1995). Composite reliability in structural equations modeling. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55, 394-406. doi: 10.1177/0013164495055003003. Bagozzi, R., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16, 74-94. doi: 10.1007/bf02723327. Balthazard, P. A., Cooke, R. A., & Potter, R. E. (2006). Dysfunctional culture, dysfunctional organization: Capturing the behavioral norms that form organizational culture and drive performance. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(8), 709-732. doi: 10.1108/02683940610713253. Bamberger, P., & Biron, M. (2007). Group norms and excessive absenteeism: The role of peer referent others. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 103, 179-196. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp. 2007.03.003. Bandura, A. (1977a) Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York. NY: WH Freeman/Times Books/Henry Holt & Co. Bandura, A. (1977b). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Bandura, A. (1978a). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 1, 139-161. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-6402(78)90002-4. Bandura, A. (1978b). Social Learning Theory of Aggression. Journal of Communication, 28,12-29. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1978.tb01621.x. Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122- 147. doi: 10.1037/0003-066x.37.2.122. Bandura, A. (1986). The explanatory and predictive scope of self-efficacy theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4, 359-373. Bandura, A. (1990). Multidimensional scales of perceived self-efficacy. Stanford, CA: Stanford University. Bandura, A. (1992). Exercise of personal agency through the self effi cacy mechanisms. In R. Schwarzer (Ed.), Self- efficacy: Thought control of action (pp. 3-38). Washington, DC: Hemisphere. Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28, 117-148. doi: 10.1207/s1532698 5ep2802_3. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. Bandura, A., Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Gerbino, M., & Pastorelli, C. (2003). Role of Affective self-regulatory efficacy in diverse spheres of psychosocial functioning. Child development, 74, 769-782. Bandura, A., Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Pastorelli, C., & Regalia, C. (2001). Sociocognitive self-regulatory mechanisms governing transgressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 125-135. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.80.1.125. Barclay, D., Higgins, S., & Thompson, R. (1995) The partial least squares approach to causal modelling: Personal computer adoption and use as an illustration. Technology Studies(2), 285– 374. Barker, C., Pistrang, N., & Elliott, R. (2003) Research methods in clinical psychology: An Introduction for students and practitioners (2nd ed.). Chichester: John Wiley and Sons. Barnett, V., & Lewis, T. (1994). Outliers in statistical data. New York: Wiley. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51,1173-1182. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1996). Workplace violence and workplace aggression: Evidence on their relative frequency and potential causes. Aggressive behavior, 22, 161-173. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2337(1996)22:3<161::aid-ab1 >3.0.co;2-q. Bartlett, J. E., & Bartlett, M. E. (2011). Workplace Bullying: An Integrative Literature Review. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 13(1), 69-84. doi: 10.1177/15234223 11410651. Bartlett, J. E., Kotrlik, J. W., & Higgins, C. C. (2001). Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research appropriate sample size in survey research. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19(1), 43-50. Baumeister, R., Heatherton, T., & Tice, D. (1994). Losing control: How and why people fail at self- regulation. San Diego: Academic Press. Baumeister, R. F., & Heatherton, T. F. (1996). Self-regulation failure: An overview. Psychological Inquiry, 7(1), 1-15. doi: 10.1207/s15327965pli0701_1. Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909. 117.3.497. Baumgartner, S. E., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2011). The influence of descriptive and injunctive peer norms on adolescents' risky sexual online behaviour. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14, 753-758. Bechtoldt, M. N., Welk, C., Zapf, D., & Hartig, J. (2007). Main and moderating effects of self-control, organizational justice, and emotional labour on counterproductive behaviour at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16, 479-500. Bello, D. C., & Gilliland, D. I. (1997). The effect of output controls, process controls, and flexibility on export channel performance. The Journal of Marketing, 22-38. Bendig, A. W. (1954). Reliability of short rating scales and the heterogeneity of the rated stimuli. Journal of Applied Psychology, 38, 167-170. doi: 10.1037/h0059072. Benjamin, O. A., & Samson, B. S. (2011). Effect of perceived inequality and perceived job insecurity on fraudulent intent of bank employees in Nigeria. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 7(1), 99-111. Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 349-360. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.85.3.349. Berry, C. M., Carpenter, N. C., & Barratt, C. L. (2012). Do other-reports of counterproductive work behavior provide an incremental contribution over selfreports? A meta-analytic comparison. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 613-636. doi: 10.1037/a0026739. Berry, C. M., Ones, D. S., & Sackett, P. R. (2007). Interpersonal deviance, organizational deviance, and their common correlates: A review and metaanalysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 410-424. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.92.2.410. Bettencourt, B., Talley, A., Benjamin, A. J., & Valentine, J. (2006). Personality and aggressive behavior under provoking and neutral conditions: a meta- analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 751-777. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.751 Betz, N. E. (2000). Self-efficacy theory as a basis for career assessment. Journal of Career Assessment, 8, 205-222. doi: 10.1177/106907270000800301. Betz, N. E., & Hackett, G. (2006). Career self-efficacy theory: Back to the future. Journal of Career Assessment, 14(1), 3-11. doi: 10.1177/106907270 5281347. Bhuian, S. N., Joonas, K., & Ruiz, D. D. (2007). Environmental behaviour consumers expect from key stakeholders: An empirical study of two NAFTA countries. Asia Pacific Management Review, 12, 327-337. Bies, R. J., Tripp, T. M., & Kramer, R. M. (1997). At the breaking point: cognitive and social dynamics of revenge in organizations. In R. A. Giacalone & J. Greenberg (Eds.), Antisocial behaviour in organizations (pp. 18–36). Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications. Bijttebier, P., Delva, D., Vanoost, S., Bobbaers, H., Lauwers, P., & Vertommen, H. (2000). Reliability and Validity of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory in a Dutch-speaking Belgian sample. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 29, 278-286. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mhl.200 0.107918. Blanchard, A. L., & Henle, C. A. (2008). Correlates of different forms of cyberloafing: The role of norms and external locus of control. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 1067-1084. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2007.03.008. Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Transaction Publishers. Block, W. (2001). Cyberslacking, business ethics and managerial economics. Journal of Business Ethics, 33, 225-231. doi: 10.1023/a:1012002902693. Bobek, D., Hageman, A., & Kelliher, C. (2013). Analyzing the role of social norms in tax compliance behaviour. Journal of Business Ethics, 115, 451-468. doi: 10.1007/s10551-012-1390-7. Bodla, M. A., & Danish, R. Q. (2011). Moderating role of social exchange perceptions between perceived organizational politics and antisocial behaviour. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 3 279-286. Bolton, L. M. R., Becker, L. K., & Barber, L. K. (2010). Big Five trait predictors of differential counterproductive work behavior dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 537-541. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.047. Bommer, W. H., Johnson, J. L., Rich, G. A., Podsakoff, P. M., & Kenzie, S. B. M. (1995). On the interchangeability of objective and subjective measures of employee performance: A meta-analysis Personnel Psychology, 48, 587-605. Bordia, P., Restubog, S. L. D., & Tang, R. L. (2008)When employees strike back: Investigating mediating mechanisms between psychological contract breach and workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 1104-1117. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.93.5.1104. Borenstein, M., Rothstein, H., & Cohen, J. (2001). Power and precision. Englewood, NJ: Biostat, Inc. Borsari, B., & Carey, K. B. (2003). Descriptive and injunctive norms in college drinking: A meta-analytic integration. Journal of studies on alcohol, 64, 331-341. Bowling, N. A. (2010). Effects of job satisfaction and conscientiousness on extrarole behaviours. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25,119-130. doi: 10.1007/s10869-009-9134-0. Bowling, N. A., & Eschleman, K. J. (2010). Employee personality as a moderator of the relationships between work stressors and counterproductive work behaviour. [Article]. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15, 91-103. doi: 10.1037/a00 17326. Bowling, N. A., & Gruys, M. L. (2010). Overlooked issues in the conceptualization and measurement of counterproductive work behaviour. Human Resource Management Review, 20(1), 54-61. doi: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2009.03.008. Boye, M. W., & Jones, J. W. (1997). Organizational culture and employee counter- productivity. Antisocial behavior in organizations, 172-184. Brauer, M., & Chaurand, N. (2010). Descriptive norms, prescriptive norms, and social control: An intercultural comparison of people's reactions to uncivil behaviors. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 490-499. Brief, A. P., Buttram, R. T., & Dukerich, J. M. (2001). Collective corruption in the corporate world: Toward a process model. In M. E. Turner (Ed.), Groups at work: Theory and research (pp. 471-499). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Brockner, J., & Higgins, E. T. (2001). Regulatory focus theory: Implications for the study of emotions at work. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86,35-66 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2001.2972. Bruin, J. (2006). Newtest: command to compute new test, from http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/sta ta/ado/analysis/. Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2007) Business Research Methods (2nd ed.). Oxford: University Press. Burger, J. M., & Shelton, M. (2011). Changing everyday health behaviours through descriptive norm manipulations. Social Influence, 6(2), 69-77. doi: 10.1080/15534510. 2010.542305. Byrne, Z. (2005). Fairness Reduces the Negative Effects of Organizational Politics on Turnover Intentions, Citizenship Behavior and Job Performance. Journal of Business & Psychology, 20, 175-200. doi: 10.1007/s10869-00 5-8258-0. Cai, S., & Yang, Z. (2008)Development of cooperative norms in the buyer-supplier relationship: The Chinese experience. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 44(1), 55-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-493X.2008.00045.x. Cangarli, B. G., & Delen, M. (2012). Multidimensionality of organizational culture and its relationship with bureaucratic, market, clan and output control in MNCs. African Journal of Business Management, 6, 2391-2402. doi:10.5897/AJBM11.615 Caprara, G., Vecchione, M., Barbaranelli, C., & Alessandri, G. (2013). Emotional stability and affective self-regulatory efficacy beliefs: Proofs of integration between trait theory and social cognitive theory. European Journal of Personality, 27, 145-154. doi: 10.1002/per.1847 Caprara, G. V., Regalia, C., & Bandura, A. (2002). Longitudinal impact of perceived self- regulatory efficacy on violent conduct. European Psychologist, 7, 63-69. doi: 10.1027//1016-9040.7.1.63. Caprara, G. V., Scabini, E., Barbaranelli, C., Pastorelli, C., Regalia, C., & Bandura, A. (1998). Impact of adolescents' perceived self-regulatory efficacy on familial communication and antisocial conduct. European Psychologist, 3, 125-132. doi: 10.1027//1016-9040.3.2.125. Caprara, G. V., & Steca, P. (2005). Affective and social self- regulatory efficacy beliefs as determinants of positive thinking and happiness. European Psychologist, 10, 275-286. doi: 10.1027/1016- 9040.10.4.275. Cardinal, L. B., Sitkin, S. B., & Long, C. P. (2004). Balancing and rebalancing in the creation and evolution of organizational control. Organization Science, 411-431. Carless, S. A., Wearing, A. J., & Mann, L. (2000). A SHORT MESURE OF TRANSFORMATION LEADERSHIP. [Article]. Journal of Business & Psychology, 14(3), 389-406. Cassel, C., Hackl, P., & Westlund, A. H. (1999). Robustness of partial least-squares method for estimating latent variable quality structures. Journal of Applied Statistics, 26, 435-446. doi: 10.1080/02664769922322. Caza, B. B., & Cortina, L. M. (2007). From Insult to Injury: Explaining the Impact of Incivility. [Article]. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 29, 335-350. doi: 10.1080/01973530701665108. Centre for Law Enforcement Education. (2012). Summary of findings of 2012 National Crime and Safety Survey. Lagos: CLEEN Foundation. Challagalla, G. N., & Shervani, T. A. (1996). Dimensions and types of supervisory control: effects on salesperson performance and satisfaction. The Journal of Marketing, 89-105. Chang, C. H., Rosen, C. C., & Levy, P. E. (2009). The relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and employee attitudes, strain, and behavior: a meta-analytic examination. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 779-801. doi: 10.5465/amj.2009.43670894. Chang, L. (1994). A Psychometric evaluation of 4-point and 6-point Likert-type scales in relation to reliability and validity. Applied Psychological Measurement, 18, 205-215. doi: 10.1177/014662169401800302. Chao, J. M. C., Cheung, F.Y.L., & Wu, A.M.S. (2011). Psychological contract breach and counter- productive workplace behaviors: testing moderating effect of attribution style and power distance. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22, 763-777. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2011.555122. Chaplin, J. P. (1982). Dictionary of psychology (rev ed.). New York: Dell. Chatterjee, S., & Yilmaz, M. (1992) A Review of regression diagnostics for behavioral research. Applied Psychological Measurement, 16, 209-227. doi: 10.1177/014662169 201600301. Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., Hagger, M. S., Wang, C. K. J., & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C. (2009). The effects of social identity and perceived autonomy support on health behaviour within the theory of planned behaviour. Current Psychology, 28(1), 55-68. Chavarria, J., Stevens, E. B., Jason, L. A., & Ferrari, J. R. (2012). The Effects of Self-Regulation and Self-Efficacy on Substance Use Abstinence. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 30, 422-432. doi: 10.1080/07347324.2012.718960. Chernick, M. R. (2008). Bootstrap methods. A guide for practitioners and researchers (2nd ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chiaburu, D. S., & Harrison, D. A. (2008). Do peers make the place? Conceptual synthesis and meta-analysis of coworker effects on perceptions, attitudes, OCBs, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 1082–1103. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.93.5.1082. Chin, W. (2010) How to write up and peport PLS analyses. In V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of Partial Least Squares (pp. 655-690): Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern Methods for Business Research (pp. 295-336). Mahwah, New Jersey: Laurence Erlbaum Associates. Chin, W. W., Marcolin, B. L., & Newsted, P. R. (2003) A partial least squares latent variable modeling approach for measuring interaction effects: Results from a Monte Carlo Simulation study and an electronic-mail emotion/adoption study. Information Systems Research, 14, 189- 217. doi: 10.1287/isre.14.2.189.16018. Cho, H. (2006). Influences of norm proximity and norm types on binge and nonbinge drinkers: Examining the under-examined aspects of social norms interventions on college campuses. Journal of Substance Use, 11, 417-429. doi: 10.1080/1465989 0600738982. Choi, N. H., Dixon, A. L., & Jung, J. M. (2004). Dysfunctional behavior among sales representatives: The effect of supervisory trust, participation, and information controls. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 24, 181-198. Christensen, P. N., Rothgerber, H., Wood, W., & Matz, D. C. (2004). Social norms and identity relevance: A motivational approach to normative behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1295-1309. doi: 10.1177/0146167204 264480. Christian, M. S., & Ellis, A. P. J. (2011). Examining the effects of sleep deprivation on workplace deviance: A self- regulatory perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 54, 913-934. doi: 10.5465/amj.2010.0179 Chullen, C. L., Dunford, B. B., Angermeier, I., Boss, R. W., & Boss, A. D. (2010). Minimizing deviant behavior in healthcare organizations: the effects of supportive leadership and job design. Journal of Healthcare Management, 55, 381-405. Cialdini, R. B., Reno, R. R., & Kallgren, C. A. (1990). A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 1015-1026. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1015 Cialdini, R. B., & Trost, M. R. (1998). Social influence: social norms, conformity, and compliance. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 151-192). New York: McGraw-Hill. Cohen-Charash, Y., & Mueller, J. S. (2007). Does perceived unfairness exacerbate or mitigate interpersonal counterproductive work behaviors related to envy? Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 666-680. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.92.3.666. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155-159. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155 Cohen, T., Panter, A., & Turan, N. (2013). Predicting counterproductive work behaviour from guilt proneness. Journal of Business Ethics, 114, 45-53. doi: 10.1007/s10551-012-1326 -2. Colbert, A. E., Mount, M. K., Harter, J. K., Witt, L. A., & Barrick, M. R. (2004). Interactive Effects of personality and perceptions of the work situation on workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 599-609. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010. 89.4.599. Colquitt, J. A., Conlon, D. E., Wesson, M. J., Porter, C. O. L. H., & Ng, K. Y. (2001). Justice at the millennium: A meta- analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 425-445. doi: 10.1037/0021- 9010.86.3.425. Conway, J., & Lance, C. (2010). What reviewers should expect from authors regarding common method bias in organizational research. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25, 325-334. doi: 10.1007/s10869-010-9181-6. Conway, J. M., & Huffcutt, A. I. (1997). Psychometric properties of multisource performance ratings: A meta-analysis of subordinate, supervisor, peer, and selfratings. Human Performance, 10, 331-360. doi: 10.1207/s15 327043hup1004_2. Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings. Chicago: Rand-McNally. Cooke, R., Sniehotta, F., & Schüz, B. (2007). Predicting binge-drinking behaviour using an extended TPB: examining the impact of anticipated regret and descriptive norms. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 42, 84-91. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agl115. Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2009). Business research methods (10th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Crane, M. F., & Platow, M. J. (2010). Deviance as adherence to injunctive group norms: The overlooked role of social identification in deviance. British Journal of Social Psychology, 49, 827-847. Cravens, D. W., Ingram, T. N., LaForge, R. W., & Young, C. E. (1993). Behaviour based and outcome-based salesforce control systems. The Journal of Marketing, 51, 47-59. Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. London: Sage Publications, Inc. Cretu, R. Z., & Burcas, S. (2014). Self efficacy: A moderator of the relation between emotional dissonance and counterproductive work behaviour. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 127, 892-896. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.375 Dabney, D. (1995). Workplace deviance among nurses: The influence of work group norms on drug diversion and/or use. Journal of Nursing Administration, 25(3), 48-55. Darley, J. M. (1995). Constructive and destructive obedience: A taxonomy of principal-agent relationships. Journal of Social Issues, 51, 125-154. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1995.tb01338.x. Davila, T. (2005). An exploratory study on the emergence of management control systems: formalizing human resources in small growing firms. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 30, 223-248. doi: 10.1016/j.aos.2004.05.006 Davis, W. D., & Gardner, W. L. (2004). Perceptions of politics and organizational cynicism: An attributional and leader–member exchange perspective. Leadership Quarterly, 15, 439-465. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.05.002 Dawson, J. (2013). Moderation in Management Research: What, Why, When, and How. Journal of Business and Psychology, 1-19. doi: 10.1007/s10869-013-9308-7. de Jonge, J., & Peeters, M. C. W. (2009). Convergence of self-reports and coworker reports of counterproductive work behaviour: A cross-sectional multi-source survey among health care workers. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46, 699-707. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.20 08.12.010. de Lara, P. Z. M., & Tacoronte, D. V. (2007). Investigating the effects of procedural justice on workplace deviance: Do employees' perceptions of conflicting guidance call the tune? International Journal of Manpower, 28, 715-729. doi: 10.1108/014377207 10835183. de Lara, P. Z. M., Tacoronte, D. V., & Ding, J. M. T. (2006). Do current anticyberloafing disciplinary practices have a replica in research findings?: A study of the effects of coercive strategies on workplace Internet misuse. Internet Research, 16, 450-467. Dekker, I., & Barling, J. (1998). Personal and organizational predictors of workplace sexual harassment of women by men. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3(1), 7-18. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.3.1.7. Demir, M. (2011). Effects of organizational justice, trust and commitment on employees' deviant behaviour. Anatolia, 22, 204-221. doi: 10.1080/13032917. 2011.597934. Deshpande, R. (1983). Paradigms lost: On theory and method in research in marketing. Journal of Marketing, 47, 101-110. Deshpande, S. P. (1996). Ethical climate and the link between success and ethical Behavior: An empirical investigation of a non-profit organization. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 315-320. Detert, J. R., Treviño, L. K., Burris, E. R., & Andiappan, M. (2007). Managerial modes of influence and counterproductivity in organizations: A longitudinal business-unit-level investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 993–1005 doi: 10.1037/0021-9010. 92.4.993. Diefendorff, J. M., & Mehta, K. (2007) The relations of motivational traits with workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 967-977. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010. 92.4.967. Dijkstra, T. (1983). Some comments on maximum likelihood and partial least squares methods. Journal of Econometrics, 22, 67-90. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(83)900 94-5. Dillman, D. A. (1991). The design and administration of mail surveys. Annual Review of Sociology, 17, 225-249. doi: doi:10.1146/annu rev.so.17.080191.001301. Dillman, D. A. (2000). Mail and Internet surveys: The tailored design method (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dineen, B. R., Lewicki, R. J., & Tomlinson, E. C. (2006). Supervisory guidance and behavioral integrity: Relationships with employee citizenship and deviant behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 622-635. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.91.3.622. Dirks, K. T., & Ferrin, D. L. (2002). Trust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 611-628. doi: 10.1037/0021- 9010.87.4.611. Dodaj, A. (2012). Social desirability and self-reports: Testing a content and response-style model of socially desirable responding. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 8, 651-666. Douglas, S. C., & Martinko, M. J. (2001). Exploring the role of individual differences in the prediction of workplace aggression. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(4), 547-559. doi: 10.1037/0021- 9010.86.4.547. Duarte, P., & Raposo, M. (2010). A PLS model to study brand preference: An application to the mobile phone market. In V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of Partial Least Squares (pp. 449-485): Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Dunlop, P. D., & Lee, K. (2004). Workplace deviance, organizational citizenship behavior, and business unit performance: the bad apples do spoil the whole barrel. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 67-80. doi: 10.1002/job.243. Eder, P., & Eisenberger, R. (2008). Perceived organizational support: Reducing the negative influence of coworker withdrawal behaviour. Journal of Management, 34(1), 55-68. Ehrhart, M. G., & Naumann, S. E. (2004). Organizational citizenship cehavior in work groups: A group norms approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 960-974. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.89.6.960. Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., Spinrad, T. L., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Reiser, M.,... Guthrie, I. K. (2001). The relations of regulation and emotionality to children's externalizing and internalizing problem behaviour. Child Development, 72, 1112-1134. doi: 10.1111/1467- 8624.00337. Ejere, E. I. (2010). Absence from work: A study of teacher absenteeism in selected public primary schools in Uyo, Nigeria. International Journal of Business & Management, 5(9), 115-123. El Akremi, A., Vandenberghe, C., & Camerman, J. (2010). The role of justice and social exchange relationships in workplace deviance: Test of a mediated model. Human Relations, 63, 1687-1717. doi: 10.1177/001872671 0364163. Elangovan, A. R., & Shapiro, D. L. (1998). Betrayal of Trust in Organizations. The Academy of Management Review, 23, 547-566. Elek, E., Miller-Day, M., & Hecht, M. L. (2006) Influences of personal, injunctive, and descriptive norms on early adolescent substance use. Journal of Drug Issues, 36, 147-171. doi: 10.1177/002204260603600107. Elliott, A. C., & Woodward, W. A. (2007). Statistical analysis: Quick reference guidebook with SPSS examples. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Erkutlu, H., & Chafra, J. (2013). Effects of trust and psychological contract violation on authentic leadership and organizational deviance. Management Research Review, 36, 828-848. doi: 10.1108/MRR-06-2012-0136. Evans, K. R., Landry, T. D., Po-Chien, L., & Shaoming, Z. (2007). How sales controls affect job-related outcomes: the role of organizational sales-related psychological climate perceptions. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 35, 445-459. Fagbohungbe, B. O., Akinbode, G. A., & Ayodeji, F. (2012a). Gender and organizational factors as determinants of workplace fraudulent behaviours in Nigeria: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Business Trends and Technology, 2(2), 11-21. Fagbohungbe, B. O., Akinbode, G. A., & Ayodeji, F. (2012b). Organizational determinants of workplace deviant behaviours: An empirical analysis in Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Management, 7, 207-221. Falk, R. F., & Miller, N. B. (1992). A primer for soft modeling. Ohio: The University of Akron Press. Fang, E., Evans, K. R., & Zou, S. (2005). The moderating effect of goal-setting characteristics on the sales control systems–job performance relationship. Journal of Business Research, 58, 1214-1222. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149-1160. doi: 10.3758/brm.41.4.1149 Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175-191. doi: 10.3758/bf03193146. Ferguson, M., & Barry, B. (2011). I know what you did: The effects of interpersonal deviance on bystanders. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(1), 80- 94. doi: 10.1037/a0021708. Ferris, D. L., Brown, D.J., & Heller, D. (2009) Organizational supports and organizational deviance: The mediating role of organization-based self- esteem. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 108, 279-286. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2008.09.001. Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics using SPSS (3rd ed.). London: Sage Publications. Fischer, D. G., & Fick, C. (1993). Measuring Social Desirability: Short Forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53, 417-424. doi: 10.1177/0013164493053002011. Fisher, R. J. (1993). Social desirability bias and the validity of indirect questioning. Journal of Consumer Research, 20, 303-315. doi: 10.2307/248 9277. Flaherty, S., & Moss, S. A. (2007). The Impact of personality and team context on the relationship between workplace injustice and counterproductive work behaviour. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37, 2549-2575. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00270.x. Flamholtz, E. G., Das, T., & Tsui, A. S. (1985). Toward an integrative framework of organizational control. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 10(1), 35-50. Flynn, B. B., Sakakibara, S., Schroeder, R. G., Bates, K. A., & Flynn, E. J. (1990) Empirical research methods in operations management. Journal of Operations Management, 9, 250-284. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-6963(90)90098-X. Fornara, F., Carrus, G., Passafaro, P., & Bonnes, M. (2011). Distinguishing the sources of normative influence on proenvironmental behaviors: The role of local norms in household waste recycling. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 14, 623-635. doi: 10.1177/13684302114 08149. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research 18, 39-50. Forward, S. E. (2009). The theory of planned behaviour: The role of descriptive norms and past behaviour in the prediction of drivers’ intentions to violate. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 12, 198-207. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2008.12.002. Fox, S., & Spector, P. E. (1999). A model of work frustration–aggression. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(6), 915-931. Fox, S., Spector, P. E., Goh, A., & Bruursema, K. (2007). Does your coworker know what you're doing? Convergence of self- and peer-reports of counterproductive work behavior. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(1), 41-60. doi: 10.1037/1072-5245.14.1.41. Fox, S., Spector, P. E., Goh, A., Bruursema, K., & Kessler, S. R. (2012) The deviant citizen: Measuring potential positive relations between counterproductive work behaviour and organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 85, 199-220. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8325.2011.02032.x. Fox, S., Spector, P. E., & Miles, D. (2001). Counterproductive work behaviour (CWB) in response to job stressors and organizational justice: Some mediator and moderator tests for autonomy and emotions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59, 291-309. doi: 10.1006/jvbe.2001. 1803. Frary, R. B. (1996a). Brief Guide to questionnaires development. Washington, DC: ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation Frary, R. B. (1996b). Hints for designing effective questionnaires. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 5(3), 3-6. Retrieved from http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED410233.pdf Frone, M. R., & Brown, A. L. (2010). Workplace substance-use norms as predictors of employee substance use and impairment: a survey of US workers. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 71, 526-534. Galperin, B. L. (2002). Determinants of deviance in the workplace: An empirical examination in Canada and Mexico. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Concordia University, Montreal, Canada. Garland, R. (1991). The Mid-Point on a Rating Scale: Is it Desirable. Marketing Bulletin, 2, 66-70. doi: citeulike-article-id:4775464. Geidam, A. D., Njoku, A. E., & Bako, B. (2011). Prevalence and nature of sexual assault among female students in a Tertiary Institution in Maiduguri, Nigeria- A Cross sectional study. International Journal of Health Research, 3, 199-203. Geisser, S. (1974). A predictive approach to the random effect model. Biometrika, 61, 101-107. doi: 10.1093/biomet/61.1.101. Geladi, P., & Kowalski, B. (1986) Partial least-squares regression: A tutorial. Analytica Chimica Acta, 185, 1-17. Gellatly, I. R. (1995). Individual and group determinants of employee absenteeism: Test of a causal model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16, 469-485. doi: doi: 10.1002/job.4030160507. Gerlach, R. W., Kowalski, B. R., & Wold, H. O. A. (1979). Partial least-squares path modelling with latent variables. Analytica Chimica Acta, 112, 417-421. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003- 2670(01)85039-X. Gholipour, A., Saeidinejad, M., & Zehtabi, M. (2009). The Explanation of anticitizenship behaviours in the Workplaces. International Business Research, 2(4), 76-86. Giacalone, R. A., & Greenberg, J. E. (1997). Antisocial behaviour in organizations. London: Sage Publications, Inc. Gibbs, J. P. (1968). Crime, punishment and deterrence. Southwestern Social Science Quarterly, 48, 515–530. Gibbs, J. P. (1975) Crime, punishment, and deterrence. New York, NY: Elsevier. Gill, H., Meyer, J. P., Lee, K., Shin, K. H., & Yoon, C. Y. (2011). Affective and continuance commitment and their relations with deviant workplace behaviors in Korea. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 28, 595-607. doi: 10.1007/s10490-009-9165-0. Gino, F., Schweitzer, M. E., Mead, N. L., & Ariely, D. (2011). Unable to resist temptation: How self-control depletion promotes unethical behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115, 191-203. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.03.001. Godin, G., & Kok, G. (1996). The theory of planned behavior: A review of its applications to health-related behaviors. American Journal of Health Promotion, 11, 87-98. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-11.2.87. Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press. Gotz, O., Liehr-Gobbers, K., & Krafft, M. (2010) Evaluation of Structural Equation Models using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) Approach. In V. E. Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of Partial Least Squares: Concepts, Methods and Applications (pp. 691- 711). Heidelberg: Springer. Greenberg, J. (1990). Employee theft as a reaction to underpayment inequity: The hidden cost of pay cuts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 561- 568. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.75.5.561. Griffin, R. W., & Lopez, Y. P. (2005). "Bad behaviour" in organizations: A review and typology for future research. Journal of Management, 31, 988-1005. Griffin, R. W., O'Leary-Kelly, A. E., & Collins, J. M. (1998a). Dysfunctional behavior in organizations: Violent and deviant behaviour: Elsevier Science/JAI Press. Griffin, R. W., O'Leary-Kelly, A. E., & Collins, J. M. (1998b). Dysfunctional work behaviours in organizations. In C. L. Cooper & D. M. Rousseau (Eds.), Trends in organizational behaviour (Vol. 5, pp. 66-82). New York: John Wiley. Grover, S. L. (1993). Lying, deceit, and subterfuge: a model of dishonesty in the workplace. Organization Science, 4, 478-495. doi: 10.1287/orsc.4.3.478. Gruys, M. L., & Sackett, P. R. (2003). Investigating the dimensionality of counterproductive work behavior. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 11(1), 30-42. doi: 10.1111/1468-2389 .00224. Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 105-117). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Hackman, J. R. (1992). Group influences on individuals in organizations. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed. ed., pp. 199 –267 ). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Hair, J. F., Money, A. H., Samouel, P., & Page, M. (2007). Research method for business. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a Silver Bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 18, 139-152. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013)Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46(1–2), 1-12. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. lrp.2013.01.001. Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40, 414-433. Hamstra, M. R. W., Bolderdijk, J. W., & Veldstra, J. L. (2011). Everyday risk taking as a function of regulatory focus. Journal of Research in Personality, 45, 134-137. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2010.11.017. Hansen, W. B., & Graham, J. W. (1991). Preventing alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette use among adolescents: Peer pressure resistance training versus establishing conservative norms. Preventive Medicine, 20, 414-430. doi:10.1016/0091-7435(91) 90039-7. Harman, H. H. (1967). Modern factor analysis. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Harris, L. C., & Ogbonna, E. (2006). Service sabotage: A study of antecedents and consequences. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34, 543-558. Heatherton, T. F. (2011). Neuroscience of self and self- regulation. Annual Review of Psychology, 62, 363–390. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.121208.131616 Hegarty, W. H., & Sims, H. P. (1978). Some determinants of unethical decision behavior: An experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 451-457. Helm, S., Eggert, A., & Garnefeld, I. (2010). Modeling the impact of corporate reputation on customer satisfaction and loyalty using partial least squares. In V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of Partial Least Squares (pp. 515-534): Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Henle, C., Reeve, C., & Pitts, V. (2010). Stealing time at work: Attitudes, social pressure, and perceived control as predictors of time theft. Journal of Business Ethics, 94(1), 53-67. doi: 10.1007/s10551-009-0249-z. Henle, C. A. (2005). Predicting workplace deviance from the interaction between organizational justice and personality. Journal of Managerial Issues(18), 247-263. Henle, C. A., Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2005). The Role of Ethical Ideology in Workplace Deviance. Journal of Business Ethics, 56, 219-230. Henseler, J., & Chin, W. W. (2010a). A Comparison of Approaches for the Analysis of Interaction Effects Between Latent Variables Using Partial Least Squares Path Modeling. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 17(1), 82-109. doi: 10.1080/10705510903439003. Henseler, J., & Chin, W. W. (2010b). A comparison of approaches for the analysis of interaction effects between latent variables using partial least squares path modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 17(1), 82-109. doi: 10.1080/10705510903439003. Henseler, J., & Fassott, G. (2010a). Testing Moderating Effects in PLS Path Models: An Illustration of Available Procedures. In V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of Partial Least Squares: Concepts, Methods and Applications (pp. 713- 735). Berlin et al.: Springer. Henseler, J., & Fassott, G. (2010b). Testing Moderating Effects in PLS Path Models: An Illustration of Available Procedures. In V. Esposito Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler & H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of Partial Least Squares (pp. 713-735): Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least sSquares path modeling in international marketing. In R. R. Sinkovics & P. N. Ghauri (Eds.), Advances in International Marketing (Vol. 20, pp. 277-320). Bingley: Emerald. Henseler, J., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Goodness-of-fit indices for partial least squares path modeling. Computational Statistics, 28, 565-580. doi: 10.1007/s00180- 012-0317-1. Henseler, J., Wilson, B., Götz, O., & Hautvast, C. (2007). Investigating the moderating role of fit on sports sponsorship and brand equity. International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 8, 321-329. Hershcovis, M. S., Turner, N., Barling, J., Inness, M., LeBlanc, M. M., Arnold, K. A.,... Sivanathan, N. (2007). Predicting workplace aggression: A metaanalysis. [Article]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 228-238. Higgins, E. T. (1998). Promotion and Prevention: Regulatory Focus as A Motivational Principle. In P. Z. Mark (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. Volume 30, pp. 1-46): Academic Press. Higgins, E. T. (2002). How self- regulation creates distinct values: The case of promotion and prevention decision making. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12, 177-191. Hill, T., Smith, N. D., & Mann, M. F. (1987). Role of efficacy expectations in predicting the decision to use advanced technologies: The case of computers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 307-313. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.72.2.307 Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley, CA University of California Press. Hogan, J., & Hogan, R. (1989). How to measure employee reliability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 273-279. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.74.2.273. Høigaard, R., Säfvenbom, R., & Tønnessen, F. E. (2006). The relationship between group Cohesion, group Norms, and perceived social loafing in soccer teams. Small Group Research, 37, 217-232. doi: 10.1177/1046496406287311. Hollinger, R. C., & Adams, A. (2010). National Retail Security Survey Final Report. Retrieved from, http://soccrim.clas.ufl.edu/criminology/srp/fina lreport_2010.pdf. Hollinger, R. C., & Clark, J. P. (1982). Formal and informal social controls of employee deviance. The Sociological Quarterly, 23, 333-343. Hollinger, R. C., & Clark, J. P. (1983). Deterrence in the workplace: Perceived certainty, perceived severity, and employee theft. Social Forces, 62, 398-418. Holtz, B. C., & Harold, C. M. (2010). Interpersonal Justice and Deviance: The Moderating Effects of Interpersonal Justice Values and Justice Orientation. Journal of Management, 20(10), 1-27. doi: 10.1177/01492063 10390049. Houreld, K. (2007, March 25,). Sexual harassment plagues Nigeria's schools, Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://articles. latimes.com/2007/mar/25/news/adfg-lecherous25. Hoyt, C. L., Murphy, S. E., Halverson, S. K., & Watson, C. B. (2003). Group leadership: Efficacy and effectiveness. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 7, 259-274. doi: 10.1037/1089-2699.7.4.259. Hughes, G. D. (1969). Some confounding effects of forced-choice scales. Journal of Marketing Research 6, 223-226. Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: a review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20, 195-204. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0266(199902)20:2<195::aid-sm j13>3.0.co;2-7. Igbaria, M., & Iivari, J. (1995). The effects of self-efficacy on computer usage. Omega, 23, 587-605. doi: 10.1016/0305-0483(95)00035-6. Ilie, A., Penney, L. M., Ispas, D., & Iliescu, D. (2012). The role of trait anger in the relationship between stressors and counterproductive work behaviours: Convergent findings from multiple studies and methodologies. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 61, 415-436. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2011.00476.x. Imonikhe, J., Aluede, O., & Idogho, P. (2012). A survey of teachers' and students' perception of sexual harassment in tertiary institutions of Edo State, Nigeria. Asian Social Science, 8, 268-274. doi: 10.5539/ass.v8n1p268. Indiresan, J. (1976). Background and general attitude variables distinguishing satisfied and dissatisfied engineering teachers. Higher Education, 5, 277-284. doi: 10.2307/3445532. Iverson, R. D., & Deery, M. (1997). Turnover culture in the hospitality industry. Human Resource Management Journal, 7(4), 71-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-8583.1997.tb00290.x. Janicik, G. A., & Bartel, C. A. (2003). Talking about time: Effects of temporal planning and time awareness norms on group coordination and performance. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 7, 122–134. doi: 10.1037/1089-2699.7.2.122. Jaworski, B. J. (1988). Toward a theory of marketing control: environmental context, control types, and consequences. The Journal of Marketing, 52, 23-39. Jaworski, B. J., & MacInnis, D. J. (1989). Marketing jobs and management controls: toward a framework. Journal of Marketing Research, 26, 406-419. Jaworski, B. J., & Young, S. M. (1992). Dysfunctional behavior and management control: An empirical study of marketing managers. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 17(1), 17-35. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0361-3682(92)90034-P. Jensen, J. M., Opland, R. A., & Ryan, A. M. (2010). Psychological contracts and counter- productive work behaviours: Employee responses to transactional and relational breach. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25, 555-568. doi: 10.1007/s10869-009-9148-7. Jimoh, A. (2012, July 26)Demand for bribe by police on increase- Survey, The Daily Trust. Retrieved from http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/index.php/news/1728 33-demand-for-bribe-bypolice-on-increase-survey Jobber, D. (1989). An examination of the effects of questionnaire factors on response to an industrial mail survey. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 6, 129-140. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8116(89)900 06-2. Joshi, A. W., & Randall, S. (2001). The indirect effects of organizational controls on salesperson performance and customer orientation. Journal of Business Research, 54(1), 1-9. doi: 10.1016/s0148-2963(99)00119-8 Judge, T. A., Jackson, C. L., Shaw, J. C., Scott, B. A., & Rich, B. L. (2007). Selfefficacy and work-related performance: the integral role of individual differences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 107-127. Judge, T. A., LePine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2006a). Loving yourself abundantly: Relationship of the narcissistic personality to self- and other perceptions of workplace deviance, leadership, and task and contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 762-776. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.762. Judge, T. A., Scott, B. A., & Ilies, R. (2006b). Hostility, job attitudes, and workplace deviance: Test of a multilevel model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 126-138. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.91.1.126. Kaai, S., Bullock, S., Sarna, A., Chersich, M., Luchters, S., Geibel, S.,... Rutenberg, N. (2011). Perceived stigma among patients receiving antiretroviral treatment: A prospective randomised trial comparing an m-DOT strategy with standardof-care in Kenya. Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 7(2), 62-70. Kaluchi, P. (2009). The challenges of english language teachers in Nigerian educational system in achieving the millennium development goals The Voice of Teachers, 1(2), 87-91. Kaplan, S., Luchman, J. N., Haynes, D., & Bradley, J. C. (2009). On the role of positive and negative affectivity in job performance: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 162-176. Karau, S. J., & Williams, K. D. (1997). The effects of group cohesiveness on social loafing and social compensation. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 1, 156-168. doi: 10.1037/1089-2699.1.2.156 Katz-Navon, T. Y., & Erez, M. (2005). When collective- and self-efficacy affect team performance: The role of task interdependence. Small Group Research, 36, 437-465. doi: 10.1177/1046496405275233. Keeter, S. ( 2005). Survey Research. In D. Druckman (Ed.), Doing research: Methods of Inquiry for conflict analysis (pp. 123-162). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Kelley, K., & Maxwell, S. E. (2003). Sample size for multiple regression: obtaining regression coefficients that are accurate, not simply significant. Psychological Methods, 8, 305-321. Kenny, D. A., & Judd, C. M. (1984). Estimating the nonlinear and interactive effects of latent variables. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 201-210. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.96.1.201. Khakwani, S., Aslam, H. D., Ashraf, F., Javad, T., & Shabbir, F. (2012). Role of control modes in improving performance: An essential facet for managing human resources. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2, 241-248. Kickul, J. R., Neuman, G., Parker, C., & Finkl, J. (2001). Settling the score: The role of organizational justice in the relationship between psychological contract breach and anticitizenship behaviour. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 13(2), 77- 93. Kidwell, R., & Valentine, S. (2009). Positive group context, work attitudes, and organizational misbehaviour: The case of withholding job effort. Journal of Business Ethics, 86(1), 15-28. doi: 10.1007/s10551-008- 9790-4. Kirsch, L. J. (1996). The management of complex tasks in organizations: Controlling the systems development process. Organization Science, 7(1), 1-21. doi: 10.1287/orsc.7.1.1. Kirsch, L. J. (1997). Portfolios of control modes and IS project management. [Article]. Information Systems Research, 8, 215-239. Kivlighan, D. M., Jr., Kivlighan, D. M., III, & Cole, O. D. (2012). The group's absence norm and commitment to the group as predictors of group member absence in the next session: An actor–partner analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(1), 41-49. doi: 10.1037/a0025506 Kogan, N. (1974) Creativity and Sex Differences*. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 8(1), 1-14. doi: 10.1002/j.2162-6057.1974.tb011 03.x. Koval, M. (2009). Comte, Auguste (1798–1857). In H. Birx (Ed.), Encyclopedia of time: Science, philosophy, theology, & culture (pp. 207-209). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. Kramer, R. M. (1999). Trust and distrust in organizations: Emerging perspectives, enduring questions. Annual review of psychology, 50, 569-598. doi: doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.569. Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement 30, 607-610. Kristof-Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences of individuals' fit at work: A meta-analysis of person–job, person–organization, person–group, and person–supervisor fit Personnel Psychology, 58, 281-342. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.006 72.x. Kulis, S., Marsiglia, F. F., Nieri, T., Sicotte, D., & Hohmann-Marriott, B. (2004). Majority rules? The effects of school ethnic composition on substance use by Mexican heritage adolescents. Sociological focus, 37, 371-392. Kumar, B. (2012). Theory of planned behaviour approach to understand the purchasing behaviour for environmentally sustainable products. (W.P. No. 2012-12-08 ). Retrieved from http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/assets/snippets/worki ngpaperpdf/10260621182012-12-08.pdf. Kumar, R., O'Malley, P., Johnston, L., Schulenberg, J., & Bachman, J. (2002). Effects of school level norms on student substance use. Prevention Science, 3, 105-124. doi:10.1023/a:1015431300471 Kura, K. M., Shamsudin, F. M., & Chauhan, A. (2013a). Influence of organizational formal control on workplace deviance: A pilot study. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 13, 538-544 doi: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.13.4.312 Kura, K. M., Shamsudin, F. M., & Chauhan, A. (2013b). Modeling the influence of group norms and self-regulatory efficacy on workplace deviant behaviour. Asian Social Science, 9(4), 113-122. doi: 10.5539/ass.v9n4p113. Kura, K. M., Shamsudin, F. M., & Chauhan, A. (2013c). Perceived group norms as predictors of deviant behaviour at work. International Business Management, 7, 121-126. doi: 10.3923/ibm.2013. 121.126. Kurland, N. B., & Pelled, L. H. (2000). Passing the word: Toward a model of gossip and power in the workplace. Academy of management review, 428-438. Küster, I., & Canales, P. (2011). Compensation and control sales policies, and sales performance: the field sales manager's points of view. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 26, 273-285. doi: 10.1108/08858621111127018. Kwok, C.-K., Au, W. T., & Ho, J. M. C. (2005). Normative controls and selfreported counter- productive behaviours in the workplace in China. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 54, 456-475. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597. 2005.00220.x. Lambert, D. M., & Harrington, T. C. (1990). Measuring nonresponse bias in customer service mail surveys. Journal of Business Logistics, 11(2), 5-25. Lanaj, K., Chang, C.-H. D., & Johnson, R. E. (2012). Regulatory focus and workrelated outcomes: A review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 138, 998-1034. doi: 10.1037/a0027723. Langerak, F. (2001) Effects of market orientation on the behaviors of salespersons and purchasers, channel relationships, and performance of manufacturers. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 18, 221-234. doi: 10.1300/J033v08n02_04. Larimer, M. E., Turner, A. P., Mallett, K. A., & Geisner, I. M. (2004). Predicting drinking behaviour and alcohol-related problems among fraternity and sorority members: Examining the role of descriptive and injunctive norms. Psychology of Addictive Behaviours, 18, 203-212. doi: 10.1037/0893-164x.18.3.203. Lau, V. P., & Shaffer, M. A. (1999). Career success: The effects of personality. Career Development International, 4, 225-231. Lawrence, T. B., & Robinson, S. L. (2007). Ain't misbehavin: Workplace deviance as organizational resistance. Journal of Management, 33, 378-394. doi: 10.1177/0149206307300816. Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2004). Psychometric properties of the HEXACO Personality Inventory. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 329-358. doi: 10.1207/s15327906mbr3902_8. Lee, K., Ashton, M. C., & de Vries, R. E. (2005a). Predicting Workplace Delinquency and Integrity with the HEXACO and Five-Factor Models of Personality Structure. Human Performance, 18, 179-197. doi: 10.1207/s15327043hup1802_4. Lee, K., Ashton, M. C., & Shin, K.-H. (2005b). Personality correlates of workplace anti-social behaviour. Applied Psychology, 54, 81-98. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2005.00197.x. Lee, R. M. (1993). Doing research on sensitive topics. London: Sage. Levi, D. (2011). Group dynamics for teams (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Lim, V. K. G. (2002). The IT way of loafing on the job: Cyberloafing, neutralizing and organizational justice. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 675-694. doi: 10.1002/job.161. Lim, V. K. G., & Teo, T. S. H. (2009). Mind your E-manners: Impact of cyber incivility on employees’ work attitude and behavior. Information &amp; Management, 46, 419-425. doi: 10.1016/j.im.2009.06.006. Lind, E. A., & van den Bos, K. (2002). When fairness works: Toward a general theory of uncertainty management. In B. M. Staw & R. M. Kramer (Eds.), Research in organizational behaviour (Vol. 24, pp. 181-223). Boston, MA: Elsevier. Lindell, M. K., & Whitney, D. J. (2001). Accounting for common method variance in cross-selectional research designs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 114-121. doi: 10.1037//0021-9010.86.1.114. Lindner, J. R., & Wingenbach, G. J. (2002). Communicating the handling of nonresponse error in Journal of Extension Research in Brief articles. Journal of Extension, 40(6), 1-5. Lisak, D., & Roth, S. (1988). Motivational factors in nonincarcerated sexually aggressive men. Journal of personality and social psychology, 55, 795-802. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.55.5.795.

Similar Items