Fenomena Kekhuatiran Berkomunikasi Di Kalangan Pelajar Sarjana Universiti Utara Malaysia

Communication apprehension (CA) is one of the most studied area in the field of communication education. The PRCA-24 has prove to be a reliable instrument in measuring the level of CA. This instrument has been widely used in other cultures other than American culture from the language point of view....

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Zanirah, Ahmad Zayadi
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 1998
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/441/1/ZANIRAH_AHMAD_ZAYADI_-__Fenomena_kekhuatiran_berkomunikasi_di_kalangan_pelajar_Sarjana_Universiti__Utara_Malaysia.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/441/2/1.ZANIRAH_AHMAD_ZAYADI_-__Fenomena_kekhuatiran_berkomunikasi_di_kalangan_pelajar_Sarjana_Universiti__Utara_Malaysia.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.441
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
topic P Philology
Linguistics
spellingShingle P Philology
Linguistics
Zanirah, Ahmad Zayadi
Fenomena Kekhuatiran Berkomunikasi Di Kalangan Pelajar Sarjana Universiti Utara Malaysia
description Communication apprehension (CA) is one of the most studied area in the field of communication education. The PRCA-24 has prove to be a reliable instrument in measuring the level of CA. This instrument has been widely used in other cultures other than American culture from the language point of view. The purpose of this study is to determined whether there exist a differences in the levels of CA difference between gender, race and state of origin, when students communicate in their native language and English. The samples of the study was 182 graduate students enrolled in the May semester, 1998. Out of this, 114 were male students and 68 were female students. Results of the study demonstrated that there was a significant difference between CA in English but not in Bahasa Malaysia with respect to gender and race. Results also showed that there was a significant relationship between CA in English and CA in Bahasa Malaysia. Also noted was a relationship between CA in English and academic achievement. These students were also found to be more apprehensive in public speaking situation more than in other situation. Suggestion for future research was also discussed.
format Thesis
qualification_name masters
qualification_level Master's degree
author Zanirah, Ahmad Zayadi
author_facet Zanirah, Ahmad Zayadi
author_sort Zanirah, Ahmad Zayadi
title Fenomena Kekhuatiran Berkomunikasi Di Kalangan Pelajar Sarjana Universiti Utara Malaysia
title_short Fenomena Kekhuatiran Berkomunikasi Di Kalangan Pelajar Sarjana Universiti Utara Malaysia
title_full Fenomena Kekhuatiran Berkomunikasi Di Kalangan Pelajar Sarjana Universiti Utara Malaysia
title_fullStr Fenomena Kekhuatiran Berkomunikasi Di Kalangan Pelajar Sarjana Universiti Utara Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed Fenomena Kekhuatiran Berkomunikasi Di Kalangan Pelajar Sarjana Universiti Utara Malaysia
title_sort fenomena kekhuatiran berkomunikasi di kalangan pelajar sarjana universiti utara malaysia
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Sekolah Siswazah
publishDate 1998
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/441/1/ZANIRAH_AHMAD_ZAYADI_-__Fenomena_kekhuatiran_berkomunikasi_di_kalangan_pelajar_Sarjana_Universiti__Utara_Malaysia.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/441/2/1.ZANIRAH_AHMAD_ZAYADI_-__Fenomena_kekhuatiran_berkomunikasi_di_kalangan_pelajar_Sarjana_Universiti__Utara_Malaysia.pdf
_version_ 1747826915647946752
spelling my-uum-etd.4412013-07-24T12:07:17Z Fenomena Kekhuatiran Berkomunikasi Di Kalangan Pelajar Sarjana Universiti Utara Malaysia 1998-11-04 Zanirah, Ahmad Zayadi Sekolah Siswazah Graduate School P Philology. Linguistics Communication apprehension (CA) is one of the most studied area in the field of communication education. The PRCA-24 has prove to be a reliable instrument in measuring the level of CA. This instrument has been widely used in other cultures other than American culture from the language point of view. The purpose of this study is to determined whether there exist a differences in the levels of CA difference between gender, race and state of origin, when students communicate in their native language and English. The samples of the study was 182 graduate students enrolled in the May semester, 1998. Out of this, 114 were male students and 68 were female students. Results of the study demonstrated that there was a significant difference between CA in English but not in Bahasa Malaysia with respect to gender and race. Results also showed that there was a significant relationship between CA in English and CA in Bahasa Malaysia. Also noted was a relationship between CA in English and academic achievement. These students were also found to be more apprehensive in public speaking situation more than in other situation. Suggestion for future research was also discussed. 1998-11 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/441/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/441/1/ZANIRAH_AHMAD_ZAYADI_-__Fenomena_kekhuatiran_berkomunikasi_di_kalangan_pelajar_Sarjana_Universiti__Utara_Malaysia.pdf application/pdf eng validuser https://etd.uum.edu.my/441/2/1.ZANIRAH_AHMAD_ZAYADI_-__Fenomena_kekhuatiran_berkomunikasi_di_kalangan_pelajar_Sarjana_Universiti__Utara_Malaysia.pdf application/pdf eng public masters masters Universiti Utara Malaysia Alden, L. E., & Bieling, D.M. (1993). Perfectionism in an interpersonal context. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto. Allen, J L. (1984) Gender, communication competence, apprehension and the basic skills course. Paper presented at the Annual Communication, Language, and Gender Conference, Miami University, Oxford, OH. Allen, J. L., & O'Mara, J., & Long, K. M (1994). Culture, communication avoidance, and classroom interaction. Paper presented at the Communication Apprehension & Avoidance Commission at the Speech Communication Convention, New Orleans, LA. Allen, J. L., O'Mara, J., & Andriate, G. S. (1987). The effects of communication avoidance, learning styles, and gender upon classroom achievement. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Speech Communication Association. Boston, MA. Allen, J. I,., O'Mara, I., & Judd, B. (1985). The relationship of communication anxiety, avoidance, and the competence of nonnative English speakers in the U.S. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the International Communication Association, Honolulu, HI. Applebaum, R. L., & Trotter, II, R. T. (1986). Communication apprehension and Hispanics: An exploration of communication apprehension among Mexicans Americans. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the Speech Communication Association, Chicago, IL. Andersen, P. A., Andersen, J. F., & Garrison, J. P. (1978). Singing apprehension and talking apprehension: The development of two constructs. Sign Language Studies 19, 155-186. Ayres, J., Keereetaweep, T., Chen, P. E., & Edward, P.A. (1998). Communication apprehension and employment interviews. Communication Education, 47, 67-80. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficiency: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191 - 215. Batten, S. W. G. (1994). The relationship of communication apprehension to demographic and employment variable of the healthcare workers. Dissertation Abstracts International, 55/03, AAC 9419456. Beatty, M. J., Plax, T. G., & Kearney. P. (1984). Reinforcement vs modeling theory in the development of communication apprehension : A retrospective analysis. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Speech Communication Association, Chicago, IL. Berko, R. M., & Wolvin, A. D., & Wolvin, D. R. (1989). Communicating: A social and career focus. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. Bieber, W. H. (1993 ). Communication apprehension among students majoring in teacher education. Dissertation Abstracts International, 53/10, AAC 9419456. Blatzer, D. (1997, May). Communication apprehension. Paper presented at the 3rd Annual Student Conference, University Park, IL. Boorom, M. L. (1998). Relational communication traits and their effect on adaptiveness and sales performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26, 16-30. Bourhis, J.& Allen, M. (1002 ). Meta analysis of the relationship between communication apprehension and cognitive performance. Communication Education, 4J,69-75. Rourhis, J., & Nolan, T. (1990). Communication apprehension and academic achievement in a basic course in interpersonal communication. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Speech Communication Association, Chicago,IL. Burgoon, J. C. (1976). The unwilingness to communication scale development and validation. Communication Momographs, 43,60-66. Burroughs, N. F., & Marie, V. (1995). Speaking in English scares me: A cross-cultural comparison of native and non-native language use on communication orientations in Micronesia. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Western States Communication Association, Chicago,lL. Ruck, J. E. (1996). Communication apprehension among M.B.A. students at SIUC (Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, college students). Dissertation Abstracts International, 57/06, AAC 9634944. Byrd, M. L., & Sims, A. L. (1987). Communication apprehension among black students on predominantly white campus. Western Journal of Black Studies, 11, 105-110. Chaika, E. (1982). Language: The Social Mirror. New York: Newbury House Pub. Char, T. L., Tseng, K. H., Lum, J. T., & Hsu, L,. H. (1980). Communication apprehension among college students in America, Australia, Japan & Korea. Journal of Psychology, 102, 27 - 31. Chen, G. M. (1992). Social desirability as a predictor of argumentativeness. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association, Miami, FL. Christophel, D. M. (1996). Russian communication orientation: A cross-cultural examination. Communication Research Reports, 13, 43 - 51. Comadena, M. E., & Comadena, P. M. (1984). Communication apprehension and elementary school achievement: A research note. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association, San Francisco. Comadena, M. E., & Prusank, D. E. (1998). Communication apprehension and academic achievement among elementary and middle school students. Communication Education, 37, 270-277. Connell, S. H. & Borden, G. A. (1987). Incorporating treatment for communication apprehension into oral communication courses. Communication Education, 36, 57-61. Davis, G. P., & Scott, M. D. (1978). Communication apprehension, intelligence, and achievement among secondary school students. In B.D. Rubin (Ed), Communication yearbook 2. (pp. 457-472 ). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Book. DeVito, J. A. (1986). The interpersonal Communication. New York: Harper & Row Pub. Donofrio, H. H., & Davis, K. (1997). Oral communication across discipline: Adding value to academic pursuit and marketability. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southern States Communication Association, Savannah. Dwyer, E., & Murphy, A. H. (1996). Japanese learners in speaking classes Edingburgh - Working Papers in Applied Linguistics, 7,46-55. Ericson, P. M., & Gardner, J. W. (1992). Two longitudinal studies of communication apprehension and its effects on college student's success. Communication Quarterly, 40, 127- 137. Ericson, P. M., & Gardner, J. W. (1992). Two longitudinal studies of communication apprehension and it's effects on college students' success. Communication Quarterly, 40, 127- 137. Fayer, J. C , & Richmond, V. P (1984). Communication apprehension in Puerto Rico and the United States: Initial comparisons. Communication, l3,49-66. Fayer,J M., McCroskey, J. C. & Richmond, V. P. (1984). Communication apprehension in Puerto Rico and the United States. Communication, 13,49-66. Fordham, D. R., & Gabbin, A. I,. (1996). Skills versus apprehension: Empirical evidence on oral communication. Business Communication Quartely, 59, 88-97. Frymier, A. B. (1993). The relationships among communication apprehension, immediacy and motivation to study. Communication Reports, 6, 8-17. Hansford, B.C., &: Hattie, J. A. (1979). Communication apprehension: An assessment of Australian and United States data. Unpublished Manuscript, University of New England. Garrison, J. P. & Garrison, K. K., (1979). Measurement of oral Communication apprehension among children ; A Factor in the development of basic speech skills. Communication Education, 28, 199-128. Garrison, J. P., Seiler, W. J., & Boohar, R. K. (1977). The effects of talking apprehension on student academic achievement: Three empirical investigations in communication restricted and traditional laboratory classes In the life sciences. In R.D. Rubin (Ed), Communication yearbook 1. (pp 513-524). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books. Gomez, A. M. (1995). When does a student participate in class? Ethnicity and classroom participating. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Speech Communication Association, Chicago,IL. Cross, B , O'Hair, D C. (1988). Communicating in interpersonal relationship. New York: MacMillan Pub. Co. Hashim Awang. (1992). Kaedah penyelidikan sosial. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Hawhin, S., & Stewart, R. A. (1991). Effects of communication apprehension of leadership and intragroup attraction in small task-oriented groups. Southern Communication Journal, 57, 1-10. Heally, J. F. (1993). Statistics: A tool for social research. California: Wardsworth Pub. Co. Horwitz, E. K., & Young, D. J. (1991). Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implication. Englewood: Prentice Hall. Hurt, H. T., & Preiss, R. (1978). Silence isn't necessarily golden: Communication apprehension, desired social choice, and academic success among middle-school students. Human Communication Research, 4, 315-328. Kelly, L. & Watson, A. K. (1986). Speaking with confidence and skill. New York:Harper & Row. Kelly, L. (1980). Implementing a skills training program for reticent communicators. Communication Education, 38, 85-99. Klopf, D. W. (1984). Cross-cultural apprehension research: A summary of Pasific Basin studies. In J. A. Daly & J. C. McCroskey (Eds), Avoiding communication, shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension. (pp.157-172). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Klopf, D. W., & Cambra, R. E. (1989). Personal and public speaking. Englewood, CA: Morton Publication. Lychunk, C. D. (1994). Relationship between participation in a self-directed-work group and employee communication competence and apprehension: An exploratory study. Dissertation Abstracts International, 32/05, AAC 13567910. Mc Croskey, J. C., Daly, J. A,, Richmond, V. P., & Falcione, R. I. (1977). Studies of the relationship between communication apprehension and self-esteem. Human Communication Research, 3, 269-277. McCroskey, J. C. & Richmond, V. P. (1980). The quiet ones : Communication apprehension and shyness. Dubuque, IA : Gorsuch Scarisbrick. McCroskey, J. C. (1989). The impact of coomunication prehension, college student apprehention and success. Communication Quarterly, 37, 100- 107. McCroskey, J. C. (1970). Measure of communication anxiety. Speech Monograph, 37, 769-277. McCroskey, J. C. (1976). The problem of oral communication in the classroom : A symposium. Florida Speech Communication Journal, 4, 1 - 12. McCroskey, J. C. (1977). Classroom consequences of communication apprehension. Communication Education, 26, 27-33. McCroskey, J. C. (1977). Oral communication apprehension: A summary of recent theory and research. Human Communication, 4, 78-96. McCroskey, J. C., & Andersen, J. F. (1976). The relationship between communication apprehension and academic achievement among college students. Human Communication Research, 2, 73-81. McCroskey, J. C., & Daly, J. A. (1976). Teachers' expectations of the communication apprehensive child. Human Communication Research, 3,67-72. McCroskey, J. C., Andersen, J. F., Richmond, V. P., & Wheeless, L. R. (1981). Communication apprehension of elementary and secondary students and teachers. Communication Education, 30, 122- 132. McCroskey, J. C., Booth-Butterfield, S., & Payne, S. K. (1989). The impact of communication apprehension on college student retention and success. Communication Quarterly, 37, 100- 107. McCroskey, J. C., Fayer, J. M., & Richmond, V. P. (1985). Don't speak to me in English: Communication apprehension among Puerto Rican students. Communication Quarterly, 33, 185-192. McCroskey, J. C., Gudykunst, W B., & Nishida, T. (1985). Communication apprehension among Japanese students in native and second language. Communication Research Reports, 2, 11-16. McCroskey, J. C. in Burgoon M. (1982). Oral communication apprehension: A Reconceptualization. Communication Yearbook 6. London: Sage Pub. McLean, G. N., & Rocheford, R. M. (1991). The influence of gender on participation in an adult professional training setting: A pilot study. Research Report, (143), Minnesota. Meijas, H., Applebaum, R., Applebaum, S. & Trotter, R. (1991 ). Oral communication apprehension and Hispanics: An exploration of oral communication apprehension among Mexican-American students in Texas. In Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implication. Englewood:Prentice Hall. Miller, M. T, & Edmunds, N. A. (1995). Gender consideration in the study of communication apprehension. Journal of Technology Studies, 21,43-46. Monroe, C., & Borzi, M. G. (1988). Communication apprehension and avoidance of post secondary education. The School Counselor, 36, 119- 123. Mullen, J. (1997). Graduate deficient in 'soft' skills. People Management, 3, 18-27. Ngoh, J. M. (1994). Communication apprehension in an interacial workplace. Dissertation Abstracts International, 54/12, AAC 9410259. Noran Fauziah Yaakub. (1991). Psikologi Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka. Payne, S. K., & Richmond, V. P. (1984). Communication avoidance: A bibliography of research and writing on communication apprehension, reticence, and shyness. In J. A. Daly and J. C. McCroskey (Eds), Avoiding communication: Shyness. reticence, and communication apprehension. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Pelias, M. H. (1991). Intervention techniques for the reduction of communication apprehension in the basic oral communication course; Some practical giudelines. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Central States Communication Association, Chicago, IL. Phillips, G. M., & Butt, D. (1966). Reticence re-visited. Pennsylvania Speech Annual, 23,40-57. Porter, T. D. (1974). Self-report scales of communication apprehension and the automatic arousal (heart rate): A test of construct validity. Speech Monograph, 41,267-276. Powers, W., & Smythe, M. J. (1980). Communication apprehension and achievement in a performance-oriented basic communication course. Human Communication Research, 6, 146-152. Richmond, V. P., & Andriate, G. S. (1984). Communication apprehension : Cross-cultural perspective. Paper presented at the Eastern Communication Association Convention, Philadephia, PA. Rosenfeld, L. B. (1995). Communication apprehension and self-perceive communication competence of academically gifted students. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Speech Communication Association, Chicago, IL. Rubin, R. R., Grahan, E. E., & Mignerey, J. T. (1990). A longitudinal study of college students' communication competence. Communication Education, 39, 1 - 13. Scott, M., & Wheeless, I. (1977). The relationship of the three types of communication apprehension to classroom achievement among college students. The Southern Speech Communication Journal, 42. 246-255. Scott-Jones, D. & Clark, M. L. (1986). The school experience of black girls : The interaction of gender, race and socioeconomic status. Phi Delta Kappan, 67, 520-526. Sekaran, U. (1992). Research methods for business; A skill building approach. New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc. Seligmen, E. E. (1972). Learned helplessness. Annual Review of Medicine, 23,407-412. Stowell, J., & Purlong, C. (1995). Preliminary finding on gender based fear reactions in communication apprehension writings. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Speech Communication Association, Chicago. Taylor, A. (1989). Communicating. Englewood, CA: Prentice Hall. Tittle, M. (1997). The effects of foreign and second language student's irrational beliefs and anxiety on classroom achievement. Report Research, 1.13, 101 - 110. Walker, S. H. (1998). Communication apprehension, biological sex, psychological gender and self-esteem: A transtheoretical approach (stage fright). Dissertation Abstracts International, 58/08, AAC 9805374. Watson, A. K., & Bossley, J. R. (1995). Taking the sweat out of communication anxiety. Personnel Journal, 74, 111-119. Wheeless, L. (1975). An investigation of receiver apprehension and social content dimension of communication apprehension. Speech Teacher, 24,261 -268. Wilmort, W. W. (1995). Relational communication. New York, Mc Graw- Hill. Wolniewicz, R. N. (1997). The conceptual equivalence of communication apprehension in Japan and the United States. Dissertation Abstracts International, 58/07, AAC 9805374. Zeuschner, R. (1997). Communicating today. Boston, Allyn & Bacon Zimbardo, P. G. (1977). Shyness: What it is and what to do about it. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.