Big five personality traits and resistance to change among administrative staff in UUM

The aim of this research is investigating the relationship between big five personality traits and resistance to change. Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience are five traits hypothesised to have a significant and negative relationship with...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Balakrishnan, Mageswari
Format:	Thesis
Language:	eng eng
Published:	2014
Subjects:	HF5549-5549.5 Personnel Management Employment
Online Access:	https://etd.uum.edu.my/4643/1/s814233.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/4643/7/s814233_abstract.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-uum-etd.4643
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection	UUM ETD
language	eng eng
advisor	Mat, Norazuwa
topic	HF5549-5549.5 Personnel Management Employment
spellingShingle	HF5549-5549.5 Personnel Management Employment Balakrishnan, Mageswari Big five personality traits and resistance to change among administrative staff in UUM
description	The aim of this research is investigating the relationship between big five personality traits and resistance to change. Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience are five traits hypothesised to have a significant and negative relationship with resistance to change. Instrument used to obtain the data for this quantitative research paper was a survey questionnaire. A total of 500 survey questionnaires were distributed to the administrative staff in Universiti Utara Malaysia. Of the distribution, only 331 responses have found completed and subsequently analysed for statistical results by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0 software. The two main data analysis techniques: correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to verify the hypotheses. The Pearson correlation analysis confirmed a significant and negative though weak correlation between big five personality traits and resistance to change. By each trait, only emotional stability was found moderately correlated whereas agreeableness and conscientiousness have weak correlation. With analysis of standard multiple regression, a total of 6.3 percent variance of resistance to change was found explained by big five personality traits. As a whole, the findings have indicated that individual personality traits significantly predict resistance to change. ‘How’ an individual perceive change is the key to manage employees’ resistance to organisational change. The findings are believed to help the management practitioners to understand employees’ disposition towards change in order to attain effective change management at the workplace.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	masters
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Balakrishnan, Mageswari
author_facet	Balakrishnan, Mageswari
author_sort	Balakrishnan, Mageswari
title	Big five personality traits and resistance to change among administrative staff in UUM
title_short	Big five personality traits and resistance to change among administrative staff in UUM
title_full	Big five personality traits and resistance to change among administrative staff in UUM
title_fullStr	Big five personality traits and resistance to change among administrative staff in UUM
title_full_unstemmed	Big five personality traits and resistance to change among administrative staff in UUM
title_sort	big five personality traits and resistance to change among administrative staff in uum
granting_institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department	Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business
publishDate	2014
url	https://etd.uum.edu.my/4643/1/s814233.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/4643/7/s814233_abstract.pdf
_version_	1747827771981168640
spelling	my-uum-etd.46432022-04-10T00:34:43Z Big five personality traits and resistance to change among administrative staff in UUM 2014 Balakrishnan, Mageswari Mat, Norazuwa Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business HF5549-5549.5 Personnel Management. Employment The aim of this research is investigating the relationship between big five personality traits and resistance to change. Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience are five traits hypothesised to have a significant and negative relationship with resistance to change. Instrument used to obtain the data for this quantitative research paper was a survey questionnaire. A total of 500 survey questionnaires were distributed to the administrative staff in Universiti Utara Malaysia. Of the distribution, only 331 responses have found completed and subsequently analysed for statistical results by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0 software. The two main data analysis techniques: correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to verify the hypotheses. The Pearson correlation analysis confirmed a significant and negative though weak correlation between big five personality traits and resistance to change. By each trait, only emotional stability was found moderately correlated whereas agreeableness and conscientiousness have weak correlation. With analysis of standard multiple regression, a total of 6.3 percent variance of resistance to change was found explained by big five personality traits. As a whole, the findings have indicated that individual personality traits significantly predict resistance to change. ‘How’ an individual perceive change is the key to manage employees’ resistance to organisational change. The findings are believed to help the management practitioners to understand employees’ disposition towards change in order to attain effective change management at the workplace. 2014 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/4643/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/4643/1/s814233.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/4643/7/s814233_abstract.pdf text eng public masters masters Universiti Utara Malaysia Alkahtani, A. H., Abu-Jarad, I., Sulaiman, M., & Nikbin, D. (2011). The impact of personality and leadership styles on leading change capability of Malaysian managers. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(2), 70-98. Ansari, M. E., Maleki V, S., Mazraeh, S., & Arab-Khazaeli, H. (2013). Individual, job and organizational predictors of counterproductive work behaviour. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 3(4), 78-86. Ansoff, H. I. (1990). Implanting strategic management. United Kingdom: Prentice Hall of Pearson International Ltd. A roadmap for Malaysia. (2010). Transforming education as an engine of growth economic (Chapter 14: Education, Economic Transformation Program, pp. 475-509). Performance Management & Delivery Unit (PEMANDU), Malaysia. Baker, T. L. (1994). Doing social research. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc. Bamber, D., & Castka, P. (2006). Personality, organizational orientations and self reported learning outcomes. Journal of Workplace Learning, 18(2), 73-92. Bareil, C. (2013). Two paradigms about resistance to change. Organization Development Journal, 31(3), 59-71. Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1-26. Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1993). Autonomy as a moderator of the relationships between the big five personality dimensions and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 111-118. Bonigk, M., & Steffgen, G. (2013). Effects of habitual anger on employees’ behaviour during organizational change. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(12), 6215-6234. Bovey, W., & Hede, A. (2001a). Resistance to organisational change: The role of cognitive and affective processes. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 22(8), 372-382. Bovey, W., & Hede, A. (2001b). Resistance to organisational change: The role of defence mechanisms. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16(7), 534-548. Bruckman, J. C. (2008). Overcoming resistance to change: Causal factors, interventions, and critical values. The Psychologist Manager Journal, 11(2), 211-219. Buchanan, L. B. (1998). The impact of big five personality characteristics on group cohesion and creative task performance (Doctoral Dissertation). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States. Burnes, B. (2004). Kurt Lewin and the planned approach to change: A re-appraisal. Journal of Management Studies, 41(6), 977-1002. Cartaya, E. (2012). Personality and performance: Assessing the mediating role of mental model formation in the personality: Performance relationship (Paper 790, FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations). Florida International University, United States. Chawla, A., & Kelloway, E. K. (2004). Predicting openness and commitment to change. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25(6), 485-498. Chen, J-K., & Chen, I-S. (2008). How can institute of technology change successfully? A discussion from a human resources perspective. Business Renaissance Quarterly, 3(3), 85-106. Coch, L., & French, J. (1948). Overcoming resistance to change. Human Relations, 1(4), 512-532. Coghlan, D. (1993). A person centred approach to dealing with resistance to change. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 14(4), 10-14. Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2013). Business Research Methods. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Corporate Communication Unit, Media Section UUM. Retrieved on July 10, 2014 from http://www.uum.edu.my/index.php/en/. Culmer, N. (2012). I.T. changes: An exploration of the relationship between motivation, trust, and resistance to change in information technology (PhD Thesis). University of Lowa, United States. DeMarree, K. G., Morrison, K. R., Wheeler, S. C., & Petty, R. E. (2011). Self ambivalence and resistance to subtle self change attempts. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(5), 674–686. Dent, E. B., & Goldberg, S. G. (1999) Challenging ‘resistance to change’. Journal of Applied Behavioural Science, 35(1), 25-41. Department of Higher Education, Malaysia. Retrieved on July 10, 2014 from http://jpt.moe.gov.my/. Erwin, D. G., & Garman, A. N. (2010). Resistance to organizational change: Linking research and practice. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 31(1), 39-56. General Chief Secretary, Prime Minister’s Office, Malaysia. Retrieved on November 20, 2014 from http://www.pmo.gov.my/ksn/dokumenattac hed/rencana/CIVILSERVICE-FULL.pdf. Georgalis, J., Samaratunge, R., Kimberley, N., & Lu, Y. (2014). Change process characteristics and resistance to organizational change: The role of employee perceptions of justice. Australian Journal of Management, 1-25. Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the big five factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 4(1), 26-42. Goldberg, L. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. Personality Psychology in Europe, 7, 7-28. Gray, C. (2002). Entrepreneurship, resistance to change and growth in small firms. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 9(1), 61-72. Greenberg, J., & Baron, R. A. (2002). Behaviour in organisations. New Jersey, United States: Prentice Hall of Pearson Education Ltd. Griffiths, B. (2009). The paradox of change: How to coach while dealing with fear and uncertainty. Industrial and Commercial Training, 41(2), 97-101. Gul, S., Ahmad, B., Ur Rehman, S., Shabir, N., & Razzaq, N. (2012). Leadership styles, turnover intentions and the mediating role of organizational commitment. Information and Knowledge Management, 2(7), 44-51. Hall, A. (2008). Overcoming resistance to organizational change initiatives. Unpublished Working Paper Presented at Capella University. Retrieved from http://arichall.com/academic/papers/om5216-pap er.pdf. Hon, A. H. Y., Bloom, M., & Crant, J. M. (2014). Overcoming resistance to change and enhancing creative performance. Journal of Management, 40(3), 919-941. Hopkins, W. G. (2008). Research designs: Choosing and fine tuning a design for your study. Sportscience, 12(1), 1-3. Houston, D. M. (2005). Personality. In Hewstone, M., Fincham, F. D., & Foster, J. (Eds.), Psychology (pp. 292-313). United Kingdom: Wiley Blackwell. Hultman, K. E. (1998). Making change irresistible: Overcoming resistance to change in your organization. Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black Publishers. Inandi, Y., Tunc, B., & Gilic, F. (2013). School administrators’ leadership styles and resistance to change. International Journal of Academic Research Part B, 5(5), 196-203. Jala, I. (2014). Transforming public service delivery. Performance Management & Delivery Unit (PEMANDU), Malaysia. Jaramillo, F., Mulki, J. P., Onyemah, V., & Pesquera, M. R. (2012). Salesperson resistance to change: An empirical investigation of antecedents and outcomes. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 30(7), 548-566. Jeswani, S., & Dave, S. (2012). Impact of individual personality on turnover intention: A study on faculty members. Management and Labour Studies, 37(3), 253-265. Jex, S. M. (2002). Organizational Psychology: A scientist practitioner approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons Incorporation. John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The big five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In Pervin, L. A., & John, O. P. (Eds.), Personality: Theory and research. United States: University of California. Joshi, K. (1991). A model of users’ perspective on change: The case of information systems technology implementation. MIS Quarterly, 15(2), 229-242. Kaminski, J. (2011). Theory applied to informatics: Lewin’s change theory. Canadian Journal of Nursing Informatics, 6(1), 1-4. Kiefer, T. (2005). Feeling bad: Antecedents and consequences of negative emotions in ongoing change. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 26(8), 875-897. Kimberlin, C. L., & Winterstein, A. G. (2008). Validity and reliability of measurement instruments used in research. Am J Health Syst Pharm, 65(23), 2276-2284. Kotter, J. P. (1995). Leading change: Why transformation efforts fail. Harvard Business Review, 73(2), 59-67. Kotter, J. P., & Schlesinger, L. A. (2008). Choosing strategies for change. Harvard Business Review, 86(7/8), 130-139. Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610. Kritsonis, A. (2005). Comparison of change theories. International Journal of Management, Business and Administration, 8(1), 1-7. Kuipers, B. S., Higgs, M. J., Kickert, W. J. M., Tummers, L. G., Grandia, J., & Van der Voet, J. (Forthcoming). The management of change in public organisations: A literature review. Public Administration, 1-45. Kumar, S., Kant, S., & Amburgey, T. L. (2007). Public agencies and collaborative management approaches: Examining resistance among administrative professionals. Administration and Society, 39(5), 569-611. Labaree, R. (2013). Organizing your social sciences research paper: Theoretical framework. USC Libraries, University of Southern California, United States. Retrieved from http://libguides. usc.edu/content.php?pid=83009&sid=618409. Latham, B. (2007). Sampling: What is it? Quantitative Research Methods. Retrieved from http://webpages.acs.ttu.edu/rlatham/Course work/5377(Quant))/Sampling_Methodology_Paper.pdf Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press. Lines, R. (2005). The structure and function of attitudes toward organizational change. Human Resource Development Review, 4(1), 8-32. Lunenburg, F. C. (2010). Managing change: The role of the change agent. International Journal of Management, Business and Administration, 13(1), 1-6. Macadam, C. (1996). Addressing the barriers of managing change. Management Development Review, 9(3), 38-40. Mahavera, S., & Darwis, M. F. (2014). Public or privatised service? Budget 2015: Are civil service bonuses justified? The Malaysian Insider. Malaysia Public Administration Country Profile (pp. 1-17, 2005). Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Division for Public Administration and Development Management, United Nations. Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit: MAMPU. (2014). 20,434 penjawat awam dikena tindakan. Keratan Akhbar. Utusan Malaysia (Jun 11, 2014). Retrieved from http://www.mampu.gov.my/utusan. Maltz, M. (2008). Managing resistance to change (pp. 1-18). New York: TRIAD Consulting Group LLC. Manaf, H. A., & Marzuki, N. A. (2014). The roles of personality in the context of knowledge sharing: A Malaysian perspective. Asian Social Science, 10(1), 138-150. Mansor, M. F. (2010). Factors influencing intention resistance to change a study of Jabatan Zakat Negeri Kedah Darulaman (Master Thesis). Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia. Martey, E. M. (2014). The relationship between customer retention and customer loyalty in the restaurant industry in Ghana. International Journal of Research, 1(8), 51-66. Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2003). Personality traits. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1987). Validation of the five factor model of personality across instruments and observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 81-90. McKenna, E. F. (2000). Business psychology and organizational behaviour: A student’s handbook. United Kingdom: Psychology Press Ltd, Taylor & Francis Group. Md Nawi, N. H., Redzuan, M., Hamsan, H., & Asim, I. A. (2013). Model fitness on emotional intelligence, personality trait and leadership behaviour on job performances. Jurnal Teknologi (Social Sciences), 61(1), 47-55. Meshkani, F. A. Z., Rastekenari, M. A., & Garmjani, S. J. (2013). Assessment on the relation between individual difference with dispositional resistance to change and reengineering the organizational structure in order to access on technology in Guilan province gas company. Singaporean Journal of Business Economics and Management Studies, 2(5), 45-56. Metselaar, E. E. (1997). Assessing the willingness to change: Construction and validation of the Dinamo (Doctoral Thesis). Vrije Universiteit, Netherlands. Metselaar, E. E., & Cozijnsen, A. J. (1997). Van weerstand naar veranderingsbereidheid. Over willen, moeten en kunnen veranderen. Heemstede: Holland Business Publications. Ministry of Home Affairs, Malaysia. Retrieved on July 10, 2014 from http://www.moha.gov.my/. Mohan, G., & Mulla, Z. R. (2013). Openness to experience and work outcomes: Exploring the moderating effects of conscientiousness and job complexity. Great Lakes Herald, 7(2), 18-36. Morris, S. A. (2007). Factors related to the counterproductive use of computers (Doctoral Dissertation). Ohio University, United States. Mostert, F. F., Rothmann, S., Mostert, K., & Nell, K. (2008). Outcomes of occupational stress in a higher education institution. Southern African Business Review, 12(3), 102-127. Mount, M., Ilies, R., & Johnson, E. (2006). Relationship of personality traits and counterproductive work behaviours: The mediating effects of job satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 59(3), 591-622. Mutihac, R. (2010). Managing resistance and the use of internal communication in organizations undergoing change: Case study of OMV Petrom (Master Thesis). Aarhus University, Denmark. Nikolaou, I., Gouras, A., Vakola, M., & Bourantas, D. (2007). Selecting change agents: Exploring traits and skills in a simulated environment. Journal of Change Management, 7(3/4), 291-313. Nov, O., & Ye, C. (2009). Resistance to change and the adoption of digital libraries: An integrative model. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60(8), 1702-1708. Oreg, S. (2003). Resistance to change: Developing an individual differences measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(4), 680-693. Oreg, S. (2006). Personality, context, and resistance to organizational change. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 15(1), 73-101. Oreg, S., & Sverdlik, N. (2011). Ambivalence toward imposed change: The conflict between dispositional resistance to change and the orientation toward the change agent. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(2), 337-349. Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual: A step-by-step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows (3rd ed.). Australia: Allen & Unwin. Pasubathy, G. (2010). Factors influencing resistance to change among employees (Master Thesis). Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia. Pervin, L. A., Cervone, D., & John, O. P. (2005). Personality: Theory and research. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Petrescu, R. (2010). Organizational change process: Steps to a successful change. Economic Sciences Series, 3(38), 1-6. Piderit, S. K. (2000). Rethinking resistance and recognizing ambivalence: A multidimensional view of attitudes toward an organizational change. Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 783-794. Pierce, J. L., & Gardner, D. G. (2009). Relationships of personality and job characteristics with organization based self-esteem. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24(5), 392-409. Pierce, J. L., Gardner, D. G., & Dunham, R. B. (2001). Management and organizational behaviour: An integrated perspective. United States: South Western Educational Publishing. Polgar, S., & Thomas, S. A. (2013). Introduction to research in the health sciences. United Kingdom: Elsevier Health Sciences. Pryor, M. G., Taneja, S., Humphreys, J., Anderson, D., & Singleton, L. (2008). Challenges facing change management theories and research. Delhi Business Review, 9(1), 1-20. Public Bureau Complaints, Malaysia. Retrieved on November 20, 2014 from http://www.pcb.gov.my/en. Public Services Commision, Malaysia. Retrieved on November 20, 2014 from http://www.spa.gov.my/PortalEng/. Public Service Department, Malaysia. Retrieved on November 20, 2014 from http://www.jpa.gov.my/ ?lang=en. Pundziene, A., & Duobiene, J. (2006). CEOs’ entrepreneurship in relation to reaction to organizational change. Engineering Economics, 2(47), 91-98. Rausch, T. A. (2010). The relationship between the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the dispositional resistance to change scale (Paper 695, Masters Thesis). Eastern Illinois University, United States. Registrar Department. (2014). Dasar Pertukaran Staf Pentadbiran (Pekeliling Jabatan Pendaftar Bilangan 1/2004). Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia. Reynolds, L. (1994). Understanding employees’ resistance to change. HR Focus, 71(6), 17. Romle, A. R., & Shamsudin, A. S. (2006). The relationship between management practices and job satisfaction: The case of assistant registrars at public institutions of higher learning in Northern Region Malaysia. The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning. 2(2), 72-80. Rosenberg, M. K., & Daly, B. H. (1993). Foundation of behavioural research. United States: Harcourt Grace College Publishers. Sarayreh, B. H., Khudair, H., & Barakat, E. A. (2013). Comparative study: The Kurt Lewin of change management. International Journal of Computer and Information Technology, 2(4), 626-629. Schiffer, E. F. (2011). Resistance to change: Implications of individual differences in expression of resistance to change (Doctoral Dissertation). University of South Florida, United States. Schultz, D., & Schultz, S. (2012). Theories of personality. United States: Cengage Learning. Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2010). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach. United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Senior, B., & Swailes, S. (2010).Organizational change. United Kingdom: Prentice Hall of Pearson Education Limited. Smollan, R. K., Matheny, J. A., & Sayers, J. G. (2010). Personality, affect, and organizational change: A qualitative study. In Zerbe, W. F., Ashkanasy, N. M., & Hartel, C. E. J. (Eds.), Emotions and Organizational Dynamism (pp. 85- 112), Research on Emotion in Organizations, 6. Bingley, United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Stanley, D. J., Meyer, J. P., & Topolnytsky, L. (2005). Employee cynicism and resistance to organizational change. Journal of Business and Psychology, 19(4), 429-459. Starr, K. (2011). Principals and the politics of resistance to change. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 39(6), 646-660. Strebel, P. (1996). Why do employees resist change? Harvard Business Review, 74(3), 86-92. Tewksbury, R. (2009). Qualitative versus quantitative methods: Understanding why qualitative methods are superior for criminology and criminal justice. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology, 1(1), 38-58. Thatcher, J. B., & Perrewe, P. L. (2002). An empirical examination of individual traits as antecedents to computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy. MIS Quarterly, 26(4), 381-396. Vakola, M., Tsaousis, I., & Nikolaou, I. (2004). The role of emotional intelligence and personality variables on attitudes toward organisational change. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19(1/2), 88-110. Van Dam, K., Oreg, S., & Schyns, B. (2008). Daily work contexts and resistance to organisational change: The role of leader member exchange, development climate, and change process characteristics. Applied Psychology, 57(2), 313-334. Van Dijk, R., & Van Dick, R. (2009). Navigating organizational change: Change leaders, employee resistance and work-based identities. Journal of Change Management, 9(2), 143-163. Van Teijlingen, E. R., & Hundley, V. (2002). The importance of pilot studies. Nursing Standard, 16(40), 33-36. Vos, J. (2006). The role of personality and emotions in employee resistance to change (Master Thesis). Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands. Waddell, D., & Sohal, A. S. (1998). Resistance: A constructive tool for change management. Management Decision, 36(8), 543-548. Walker, H. J., Armenakis, A. A., & Bernerth, J. B. (2007). Factors influencing organizational change efforts. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 20(6), 761-773. Williams, S. D. (2004). Personality, attitude, and leader influences on divergent thinking and creativity in organizations. European Journal of Innovation Management, 7(3), 187-204. Zainuddin, N. (2010). Penyelidikan Saintifik: Asas dan Aplikasi. Malaysia: McGraw-Hill Sdn. Bhd. Zhou, L. Z. (2013). Reforming the civil service (CPPS Policy Paper Series, pp 1-18). Centre for Public Policy Studies, Asian Strategy and Leadership Institute, Malaysia.

Big five personality traits and resistance to change among administrative staff in UUM

Similar Items