The Javanese culture as a source of Suharto's leadership: A socio-political analysis

Great General Suharto who had managed to rule the country for more than 32 years, used and manipulated Javanese cultural values and philosophy as the 'guidance', for his personal and in official duties. According to Suharto, a number of traditional Javanese thoughts in the form of guidance...

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Main Author:	Sarsito, Totok
Format:	Thesis
Language:	eng eng
Published:	2010
Subjects:	JQ Political institutions and public administration (Asia)
Online Access:	https://etd.uum.edu.my/4736/1/s90802.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/4736/2/s90802_abstract.pdf
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id	my-uum-etd.4736
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection	UUM ETD
language	eng eng
advisor	Ishak, Mohamed Mustafa
topic	JQ Political institutions and public administration (Asia)
spellingShingle	JQ Political institutions and public administration (Asia) Sarsito, Totok The Javanese culture as a source of Suharto's leadership: A socio-political analysis
description	Great General Suharto who had managed to rule the country for more than 32 years, used and manipulated Javanese cultural values and philosophy as the 'guidance', for his personal and in official duties. According to Suharto, a number of traditional Javanese thoughts in the form of guidance or pituduh' and prohibition or 'wewaler', when practiced, would make the Indonesian people have noble and generous mind or 'ber budi bowo leksono', that is one who is really good as the essence of goodness or 'becik sajatining becik'. Suharto's strong commitment and spirit to the practice of these Javanese traditional teachings were based on his belief that it would not be difficult for Indonesian people to improve their consciousness as the nation of Indonesia in their state, government and social life on the basis of Pancasila should they understood the Javanese cultural values and philosophy. This study is meant to critically analyze how these noble Javanese traditional teachings, particularly in politics, were practiced by Suharto in his personal capacity and official duties. This analysis is based on theoretical framework that culture occupies important role in determining human behavior and social change and that it is culture that should be taken into account in the last instance to explain human behavior and social change. In his personal life, the practice of Javanese traditional teachings was meant to make him a good Javanese having capacity to receive 'wahyu' or 'guidance' from God Almighty particularly for ruling the country. And in his official duties it was meant to convince the people that all decisions and policies he had taken were always socially just and philosophically correct because they were based on very highly respected values and philosophy so that they could be accepted or legitimate; and secondly to create a just and prosperous society based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution as mandated by the Proclamation of the 17 August 1945 through a well-organized development movement. In order to achieve these goals, Suharto always attempted to concentrate power as most Javanese kings usually did by implementing the doctrine of 'dwifungsi ABRI', creating GOLKAR as a vehicle for his political goals, merging the numerous political parties into two major parties, imposing policy on mono-loyalty to all civil servants, and practicing anti-criticism and anti-opposition policy in order to weaken or even neutralize his political opponents. To give constitutional basis for the Javanese cultural values and philosophy to be implemented by all Indonesian people as guidance for their state, government, and social life Suharto formulated the P-4 or "Pedoman Penghayatan dan Pengamalan Pancasila" (Guidance for the Comprehension and Practice of Pancasila) and inserted a number of Javanese traditional teachings into it. These traditional teachings were also inserted into the "Doktrin Kepemimpinan ABRI" or the Indonesian Armed Forces Leadership Doctrine adopted by the ABRI..
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Ph.D.
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Sarsito, Totok
author_facet	Sarsito, Totok
author_sort	Sarsito, Totok
title	The Javanese culture as a source of Suharto's leadership: A socio-political analysis
title_short	The Javanese culture as a source of Suharto's leadership: A socio-political analysis
title_full	The Javanese culture as a source of Suharto's leadership: A socio-political analysis
title_fullStr	The Javanese culture as a source of Suharto's leadership: A socio-political analysis
title_full_unstemmed	The Javanese culture as a source of Suharto's leadership: A socio-political analysis
title_sort	javanese culture as a source of suharto's leadership: a socio-political analysis
granting_institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department	College of Law, Government and International Studies (COLGIS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://etd.uum.edu.my/4736/1/s90802.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/4736/2/s90802_abstract.pdf
_version_	1783729370387447808
spelling	my-uum-etd.47362023-10-22T02:01:20Z The Javanese culture as a source of Suharto's leadership: A socio-political analysis 2010 Sarsito, Totok Ishak, Mohamed Mustafa College of Law, Government and International Studies (COLGIS) College of Law, Goverment and International Studies (COLGIS) JQ Political institutions and public administration (Asia) Great General Suharto who had managed to rule the country for more than 32 years, used and manipulated Javanese cultural values and philosophy as the 'guidance', for his personal and in official duties. According to Suharto, a number of traditional Javanese thoughts in the form of guidance or pituduh' and prohibition or 'wewaler', when practiced, would make the Indonesian people have noble and generous mind or 'ber budi bowo leksono', that is one who is really good as the essence of goodness or 'becik sajatining becik'. Suharto's strong commitment and spirit to the practice of these Javanese traditional teachings were based on his belief that it would not be difficult for Indonesian people to improve their consciousness as the nation of Indonesia in their state, government and social life on the basis of Pancasila should they understood the Javanese cultural values and philosophy. This study is meant to critically analyze how these noble Javanese traditional teachings, particularly in politics, were practiced by Suharto in his personal capacity and official duties. This analysis is based on theoretical framework that culture occupies important role in determining human behavior and social change and that it is culture that should be taken into account in the last instance to explain human behavior and social change. In his personal life, the practice of Javanese traditional teachings was meant to make him a good Javanese having capacity to receive 'wahyu' or 'guidance' from God Almighty particularly for ruling the country. And in his official duties it was meant to convince the people that all decisions and policies he had taken were always socially just and philosophically correct because they were based on very highly respected values and philosophy so that they could be accepted or legitimate; and secondly to create a just and prosperous society based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution as mandated by the Proclamation of the 17 August 1945 through a well-organized development movement. In order to achieve these goals, Suharto always attempted to concentrate power as most Javanese kings usually did by implementing the doctrine of 'dwifungsi ABRI', creating GOLKAR as a vehicle for his political goals, merging the numerous political parties into two major parties, imposing policy on mono-loyalty to all civil servants, and practicing anti-criticism and anti-opposition policy in order to weaken or even neutralize his political opponents. To give constitutional basis for the Javanese cultural values and philosophy to be implemented by all Indonesian people as guidance for their state, government, and social life Suharto formulated the P-4 or "Pedoman Penghayatan dan Pengamalan Pancasila" (Guidance for the Comprehension and Practice of Pancasila) and inserted a number of Javanese traditional teachings into it. These traditional teachings were also inserted into the "Doktrin Kepemimpinan ABRI" or the Indonesian Armed Forces Leadership Doctrine adopted by the ABRI.. 2010 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/4736/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/4736/1/s90802.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/4736/2/s90802_abstract.pdf text eng public Ph.D. doctoral Universiti Utara Malaysia List of Interviews: I. Leading politicians, bureaucrats and intellectuals: 1. Dr. Ir. Akbar Tanjung, Ex-Chairman of GOLKAR Party, Ex-Minister of Youth and Sports, Ex-Minister of Public Housing, Ex-Speaker of the People Representative Council (DPR), now Chairman of the GOLKAR Consultative Council, Jakarta, 15 July 2009. 2. Prof. Dr. H. Muhammad Amien Rais, Ex-Chairman of National Mandatory Party, Ex-Speaker of the People Consultative Assembly (MPR), Professor in politics, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 9 September 2009. 3. Dr. Ir. Sri Bintang Pamungkas, Lecturer of University of Indonesia, Ex-Unity Development Party, Ex-Member of the People's Representative Council (DPR), Jakarta, 6 October 2009. 4. Prof. Dr. Bambang Marsono, MA, MSc., People Concern Party, President Director of Oxford Course Foundation, Jakarta, 8 March 2009. 5. Zaenal Maarif, SHY MH, Ex-Chairman of PPP, PBR, Ex-Vice Speaker of the People's Representative Council (DPR), Lecturer of Surakarta Muhammadiyah University, Solo, 18 March 2009. II. Leading military officers and bureaucrats: 6. Retired Lieutenant General Sayidiman Suryohadiprojo, Ex-Governor of National Defense Institute, Ex-Ambassador for Japan, Jakarta, 6 October 2009. 7. Retired Major General Sutarto Sigit, Ex-Chief Staf of the Army Command and Ex-Ambassador for Thailand, a businessman, Jakarta, 6 October 2009. III. Leading intellectuals: 8. Prof. Dr. Mohtar Mas'oed, Professor in Political Sciences, Ex-Dean of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 11 August 2009. 9. Prof. Dr. Damarjati Supajar, Professor in Philosophy, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 10 November 2009. 10. Dr. Tri Wiratno, Doctor Philosophy in English Literature University of Sebelas Maret and practioner of Javanese teachings, Solo, 5 March 2009. 11. Drs. Sutarjo, M.Hurn., Expert on Javanese Literature, University of Sebelas Maret, Solo, 13 March 2009. 12. Drs. Sudarmono, SU, Historian and Expert on Javanese Culture, University of Sebelas Maret, Solo, 10 September IV. Leading businessmen and intellectuals: 13. Prof. Dr. Sukamdani Sahid Gitosarjono, Chairman of Sahid Foundation, Owner of Sahid Hotel Groups (Hotels, Newspapers, Radios, Schools & University, Pondok Pesantren), Jakarta, 10 October 2009. 14. Drs. Adib Ajiputra, Ex-Youth of Pioneer, a bussinesrnan, Solo, 17 March 2009. V. General publics: 15. 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