A neurocognitive model of high anxiety trait in victims with post disasters experience

People with disasters experience are the most vulnerable victims of high anxiety trait. This behavior could develop overtime to pure anxiety if the individuals do not have any means of support. Hence, understanding this behaviour in the individuals is an essential means of unveiling anxiety emergenc...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Azeez, Kamal Ademola
Format:	Thesis
Language:	eng eng
Published:	2015
Subjects:	RC0321 Neuroscience Biological psychiatry Neuropsychiatry
Online Access:	https://etd.uum.edu.my/5279/1/s814387.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/5279/2/s814387_abstract.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-uum-etd.5279
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection	UUM ETD
language	eng eng
advisor	Ahmad, Fausiah
topic	RC0321 Neuroscience Biological psychiatry Neuropsychiatry
spellingShingle	RC0321 Neuroscience Biological psychiatry Neuropsychiatry Azeez, Kamal Ademola A neurocognitive model of high anxiety trait in victims with post disasters experience
description	People with disasters experience are the most vulnerable victims of high anxiety trait. This behavior could develop overtime to pure anxiety if the individuals do not have any means of support. Hence, understanding this behaviour in the individuals is an essential means of unveiling anxiety emergence. Anxiety has been a phenomenon of focus over the years. Its manifestations have been extensively studied at the lower level of human functioning system (the body). Also, some researches have extended to the higher level of cognitive functions. Still, evidences showed that a precise approach have not been provided to elicit its emergence in human behavior. Meanwhile, extant literatures showed that anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychological problems the world is facing today. More so, numerous numbers of people around the globe were suffering from these disorders. Therefore, this study examines how individuals with post disasters experience could develop anxiety by virtue of exposure to further events in the environment. This is a proactive measure to cater for wider emergence of anxiety disorders that might arise through disasters occurrence which is now a worldwide affair. This aspect was achieved through consideration for the role of neurocognitive mechanisms in the emergence of anxiety. The outcome of the investigation shows that, neurocognitive mechanisms play role in the emergence of anxiety. This was demonstrated through computational modeling concept to simulate those mechanisms identified through literatures and expert opinions. Increased activation of amygdala is observed to favor the development of anxiety while that of the prefrontal cortex favor the prevention of anxiety and vice versa. In addition, possible transformation of the individuals’ conditions was assessed using mathematical equations to show the possible changes overtime
format	Thesis
qualification_name	masters
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Azeez, Kamal Ademola
author_facet	Azeez, Kamal Ademola
author_sort	Azeez, Kamal Ademola
title	A neurocognitive model of high anxiety trait in victims with post disasters experience
title_short	A neurocognitive model of high anxiety trait in victims with post disasters experience
title_full	A neurocognitive model of high anxiety trait in victims with post disasters experience
title_fullStr	A neurocognitive model of high anxiety trait in victims with post disasters experience
title_full_unstemmed	A neurocognitive model of high anxiety trait in victims with post disasters experience
title_sort	neurocognitive model of high anxiety trait in victims with post disasters experience
granting_institution	Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department	Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences
publishDate	2015
url	https://etd.uum.edu.my/5279/1/s814387.pdf https://etd.uum.edu.my/5279/2/s814387_abstract.pdf
_version_	1747827898869350400
spelling	my-uum-etd.52792021-03-18T04:01:58Z A neurocognitive model of high anxiety trait in victims with post disasters experience 2015 Azeez, Kamal Ademola Ahmad, Fausiah Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts & Sciences Awang Had Salleh Graduate School of Arts and Sciences RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry People with disasters experience are the most vulnerable victims of high anxiety trait. This behavior could develop overtime to pure anxiety if the individuals do not have any means of support. Hence, understanding this behaviour in the individuals is an essential means of unveiling anxiety emergence. Anxiety has been a phenomenon of focus over the years. Its manifestations have been extensively studied at the lower level of human functioning system (the body). Also, some researches have extended to the higher level of cognitive functions. Still, evidences showed that a precise approach have not been provided to elicit its emergence in human behavior. Meanwhile, extant literatures showed that anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychological problems the world is facing today. More so, numerous numbers of people around the globe were suffering from these disorders. Therefore, this study examines how individuals with post disasters experience could develop anxiety by virtue of exposure to further events in the environment. This is a proactive measure to cater for wider emergence of anxiety disorders that might arise through disasters occurrence which is now a worldwide affair. This aspect was achieved through consideration for the role of neurocognitive mechanisms in the emergence of anxiety. The outcome of the investigation shows that, neurocognitive mechanisms play role in the emergence of anxiety. This was demonstrated through computational modeling concept to simulate those mechanisms identified through literatures and expert opinions. Increased activation of amygdala is observed to favor the development of anxiety while that of the prefrontal cortex favor the prevention of anxiety and vice versa. In addition, possible transformation of the individuals’ conditions was assessed using mathematical equations to show the possible changes overtime 2015 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/5279/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/5279/1/s814387.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/5279/2/s814387_abstract.pdf text eng public masters masters Universiti Utara Malaysia Acierno, R., Ruggiero, K. J., Galea, S., Resnick, H. S., Koenen, K., Roitzsch, J., Kilpatrick, D. G. (2007).Psychological sequelae resulting from the 2004 Florida hurricanes: implications for postdisaster intervention. American Journal of Public Health, 97(Suppl 1), S103-S108. Allen, M. T., Stoney, C. M., Owens, J. F., & Matthews, K. A. (1993). Hemodynamic adjustments to laboratory stress: the influence of gender and personality. Psychosomatic Medicine, 55(6), 505-517. Arnberg, F. K., Bergh Johannesson, K., & Michel, P.-O. (2013). Prevalence and duration of PTSD in survivors 6 years after a natural disaster. Journal of anxiety disorders, 27(3), 347-352. Basten, U., Stelzel, C., & Fiebach, C. J. (2011). Trait anxiety modulates the neural efficiency of inhibitory control. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(10), 3132-3145. Berman, N. C., Wheaton, M. G., Fabricant, L. E., Jacobson, S. R., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2011). The effects of familiarity on thought–action fusion. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(10), 695-699. Bin Ab Aziz, A. (2011). Exploring Computational Models for Intelligent Support of Persons with Depression. Binder, E. B., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2010). The CRF system, stress, depression and anxiety—insights from human genetic studies. Molecular psychiatry, 15(6), 574-588. Bishop, S. J. (2007). Neurocognitive mechanisms of anxiety: an integrative account. Trends in cognitive sciences, 11(7), 307-316. Bosse, T., Memon, Z. A., & Treur, J. (2012). A cognitive and neural model for adaptive emotion reading by mirroring preparation states and Hebbian learning. Cognitive systems research, 13(1), 39-58. Bosse, T., Pontier, M., & Treur, J. (2010). A computational model based on gross’ emotion regulation theory. Cognitive systems research, 11(3), 211-230. Briere, J., & Elliott, D. (2000).Prevalence, characteristics, and long-term sequelae of natural disaster exposure in the general population. Journal of traumatic stress, 13(4), 661-679. Cardinali, L. (2011). Body schema plasticity after tool-use. Université Claude Bernard-Lyon I. Choi, H.-Y., Kim, S.-I., Yun, K. W., Kim, Y. C., Lim, W.-J., Kim, E.-J., & Ryoo, J.-H. (2011). A Study on Correlation between Anxiety Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation. Psychiatry investigation, 8(4), 320-326. Collier, G. J. (2014). Emotional expression: Psychology Press. Comer, J. S., Pincus, D. B., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). Generalized Anxiety Disorder and the Proposed Associated Symptoms Criterion Change for Dsm‐5 in a Treatment‐Seeking Sample of Anxious Youth. Depression and Anxiety, 29(12), 994-1003. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (2011). The Five‐Factor Model, Five‐Factor Theory, and Interpersonal Psychology. Handbook of interpersonal psychology: Theory, research, assessment, and therapeutic interventions, 91-104. Cougle, J. R., Keough, M. E., Riccardi, C. J., & Sachs-Ericsson, N. (2009). Anxiety disorders and suicidality in the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43(9), 825-829. Critchley, H. D., & Nagai, Y. (2012). How emotions are shaped by bodily states. Emotion Review, 4(2), 163-168. Davey, G. C., & Wells, A. (2006). Worry and its psychological disorders: Theory, assessment and treatment: John Wiley & Sons. Davis, M. (2002). Neural circuitry of anxiety and stress disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress. American College of Neuropsychopharmacology: Philadelphia, PA, 931-951. Dimoka, A., Pavlou, P. A., & Davis, F. D. (2011). Research Commentary-NeuroIS: The Potential of Cognitive Neuroscience for Information Systems Research. Information Systems Research, 22(4), 687-702. Ding, A. W. (2007). Modeling the Psychosocial Effects of Terror or Natural Disasters for Response Preparation. The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology, 4(4), 318-342. Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., & Ladouceur, R. (1997). Intolerance of uncertainty and problem orientation in worry. Cognitive therapy and research, 21(6), 593-606. Dugas, M. J., Gosselin, P., & Ladouceur, R. (2001). Intolerance of uncertainty and worry: Investigating specificity in a nonclinical sample. Cognitive therapy and research, 25(5), 551-558. Dunsmoor, J. E., Åhs, F., & LaBar, K. S. (2011). Neurocognitive mechanisms of fear conditioning and vulnerability to anxiety. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 5. Eiland, L., & McEwen, B. S. (2012). Early life stress followed by subsequent adult chronic stress potentiates anxiety and blunts hippocampal structural remodeling. Hippocampus, 22(1), 82-91. Eysenck, M. (2014). Anxiety and cognition: A unified theory: Psychology Press. Fergusson, D. M., & Boden, J. M. (2014). The psychological impacts of major disasters. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 48(7), 597-599. Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., Boden, J. M., & Mulder, R. T. (2014). Impact of a major disaster on the mental health of a well-studied cohort. JAMA psychiatry, 71(9), 1025-1031. Goldmann, E., & Galea, S. (2014). Mental health consequences of disasters. Annual review of public health, 35, 169-183. Gross, C., & Hen, R. (2004). The developmental origins of anxiety. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5(7), 545-552. Grossberg, S. (2014). Neural Dynamics of Autistic Behaviors: Learning, Recognition, Attention, Emotion, Timing, and Social Cognition Comprehensive Guide to Autism (pp. 1795-1829): Springer. Hayes, S., Hirsch, C. R., Krebs, G., & Mathews, A. (2010). The effects of modifying interpretation bias on worry in generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(3), 171-178. Heeren, A., De Raedt, R., Koster, E. H., & Philippot, P. (2013). The (neuro) cognitive mechanisms behind attention bias modification in anxiety: proposals based on theoretical accounts of attentional bias. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 7. Hirsch, C., & Mathews, A. (1997). Interpretative inferences when reading about emotional events. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(12), 1123-1132. Hirsch, C. R., & Mathews, A. (2012).A cognitive model of pathological worry. Behaviour Research and Therapy. Holmes, A., Mogg, K., de Fockert, J., Nielsen, M. K., & Bradley, B. P. (2013). Electrophysiological evidence for greater attention to threat when cognitive control resources are depleted. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 1-9. Hoogendoorn, M., Jaffry, S. W., & Treur, J. (2012). Cognitive and neural modeling of dynamics of trust in competitive trustees. Cognitive systems research, 14(1), 60-83. Indovina, I., Robbins, T. W., Núñez-Elizalde, A. O., Dunn, B. D., & Bishop, S. J. (2011). Fear-conditioning mechanisms associated with trait vulnerability to anxiety in humans. Neuron, 69(3), 563-571. Jabbar, S. A., & Zaza, H. I. (2014). Impact of conflict in Syria on Syrian children at the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan. Early Child Development and Care(ahead-of-print), 1-24. Kar, N. (2009). Psychological impact of disasters on children: review of assessment and interventions. World journal of pediatrics, 5(1), 5-11. Kates, R. W., Colten, C. E., Laska, S., & Leatherman, S. P. (2006). Reconstruction of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina: a research perspective. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(40), 14653- 14660. Kelly, J. R., Iannone, N. E., & McCarty, M. K. (2014). The function of shared affect in groups. Collective Emotions, 175. Khamis, V. (2012). Impact of war, religiosity and ideology on PTSD and psychiatric disorders in adolescents from Gaza Strip and South Lebanon. Social Science & Medicine, 74(12), 2005-2011. Kindt, M., & Soeter, M. (2014). Fear Inhibition in High Trait Anxiety. PloS one, 9(1), e86462. Kinsman, J. (2012). A time of fear”: local, national, and international responses to a large Ebola outbreak in Uganda. Global Health, 8, 15. Kotov, R., Gamez, W., Schmidt, F., & Watson, D. (2010). Linking “big” personality traits to anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders: A meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin, 136(5), 768. Koutstaal, W. (2011). The agile mind: Oxford University Press. Kross, E., & Mischel, W. (2010). From stimulus control to selfcontrol: Towards an integrative understanding of the processes underlying willpower. From society to brain: The new sciences of self-control, 428-446. Lau, J. Y., Lissek, S., Nelson, E. E., Lee, Y., Roberson-Nay, R., Poeth, K., Pine, D. S. (2008). Fear conditioning in adolescents with anxiety disorders: results from a novel experimental paradigm. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(1), 94-102. Laugharne, J., Lillee, A., & Janca, A. (2010). Role of psychological trauma in the cause and treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 23(1), 25-29. Li, J., Crawford‐Brown, D., Syddall, M., & Guan, D. (2013). Modeling Imbalanced Economic Recovery Following a Natural Disaster Using Input‐Output Analysis. Risk analysis, 33(10), 1908-1923. Liang, K.-C. (2009). Involvement of the amygdala and its connected structures in formation and expression of inhibitory avoidance memory: issues and implications. Chinese Journal Of Physiology, 52, 196-214. Lissek, S. (2012). Toward an Account of Clinical Anxiety Predicated on Basic, Neurally Mapped Mechanisms of Pavlovian Fear‐Learning: The Case for Conditioned Overgeneralization. Depression and Anxiety, 29(4), 257-263. Liu, Y. (2013). Single-trial analysis and its applications in EEG and simultaneous EEG-fMRI studies: University of Florida. Lonsdorf, T. B., Haaker, J., & Kalisch, R. (2014). Long-term expression of human contextual fear and extinction memories involves amygdala, hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex: a reinstatement study in two independent samples. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, nsu018. Maniglio, R. (2013). Child Sexual Abuse in the Etiology of Anxiety Disorders A Systematic Review of Reviews. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 14(2), 96-112. Marker, C. D., & Aylward, A. G. (2012). Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Hogrefe Publishing. Martinowich, K., Schloesser, R. J., Lu, Y., Jimenez, D. V., Paredes, D., Greene, J. S., Lu, B. (2012). Roles of p75< sup>NTR</sup>, Long-Term Depression, and Cholinergic Transmission in Anxiety and Acute Stress Coping. Biological psychiatry, 71(1), 75-83. Mattavelli, G., Sormaz, M., Flack, T., Asghar, A. U., Fan, S., Frey, J., . . . Andrews, T. J. (2013). Neural responses to facial expressions support the role of the amygdala in processing threat. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, nst162. McDonald, R. J., & White, N. M. (2013). A triple dissociation of memory systems: Hippocampus, amygdala, and dorsal striatum. McKay, D., Storch, E. A., & Haight, C. (2011). Handbook of child and adolescent anxiety disorders: Springer. McLean, C. P., Asnaani, A., Litz, B. T., & Hofmann, S. G. (2011). Gender differences in anxiety disorders: prevalence, course of illness, comorbidity and burden of illness. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45(8), 1027-1035. Neria, Y., Gross, R., Litz, B., Maguen, S., Insel, B., Seirmarco, G., . . . Cook, J. (2007). Prevalence and psychological correlates of complicated grief among bereaved adults 2.5–3.5 years after September 11th attacks. Journal of traumatic stress, 20(3), 251-262. Neumann, I. D., & Landgraf, R. (2012). Balance of brain oxytocin and vasopressin: implications for anxiety, depression, and social behaviors. Trends in neurosciences, 35(11), 649-659. Nicholas Carleton, R., Sharpe, D., & Asmundson, G. J. (2007). Anxiety sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty: Requisites of the fundamental fears? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(10), 2307-2316. Norris, F. H., Friedman, M. J., & Watson, P. J. (2002). 60,000 disaster victims speak: Part II. Summary and implications of the disaster mental health research. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 65(3), 240-260. Norris, F. H., & Murrell, S. A. (1988). Prior experience as a moderator of disaster impact on anxiety symptoms in older adults. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16(5), 665-683. Oehlberg, K., & Mineka, S. (2011). Fear Conditioning and Attention to Threat. Associative Learning and Conditioning Theory: Human and Non-Human Applications: Human and Non-Human Applications, 44. Orsini, C. A., Kim, J. H., Knapska, E., & Maren, S. (2011). Hippocampal and prefrontal projections to the basal amygdala mediate contextual regulation of fear after extinction. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(47), 17269-17277. Perkins, A. M., Inchley-Mort, S. L., Pickering, A. D., Corr, P. J., & Burgess, A. P. (2012). A facial expression for anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(5), 910. Perry, J. L., Joseph, J. E., Jiang, Y., Zimmerman, R. S., Kelly, T. H., Darna, M., . . .Bardo, M. T. (2011). Prefrontal cortex and drug abuse vulnerability: translation to prevention and treatment interventions. Brain research reviews, 65(2), 124-149. Petrides, K. (2011). A general mechanism for linking personality traits to affect, motivation, and action. New Ideas in Psychology, 29(2), 64-71. Petrie, E. C., Cross, D. J., Yarnykh, V. L., Richards, T., Martin, N. M., Pagulayan, K., . . . Tarabochia, M. (2014). Neuroimaging, behavioral, and psychological sequelae of repetitive combined blast/impact mild traumatic brain injury in Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. Journal of neurotrauma, 31(5), 425-436. Rachman, S., & Maser, J. D. (2013). Panic: psychological perspectives: Routledge. Rakes, T. R., Deane, J. K., Rees, L. P., & Fetter, G. M. (2014). A decision support system for post-disaster interim housing. Decision Support Systems. Sandi, C., & Richter-Levin, G. (2009). From high anxiety trait to depression: a neurocognitive hypothesis. Trends in neurosciences, 32(6), 312-320. Schlenger, W. E., Caddell, J. M., Ebert, L., Jordan, B. K., Rourke, K. M., Wilson, D., . . . Kulka, R. A. (2002). Psychological reactions to terrorist attacks: findings from the National Study of Americans' Reactions to September 11. Jama, 288(5), 581-588. Sexton, K. A. (2011). Distinct Negative Beliefs About Uncertainty and Their Association With Worry: An Exploration of the Factors of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and Their Correlates. Concordia University. Shin, L. M., & Liberzon, I. (2010). The neurocircuitry of fear, stress, and anxiety disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology, 35(1), 169-191. Shultz, J. M., Yuval Neria, M., Allen, A., & Zelde Espinel, M. (2013). Psychological impacts of natural disasters Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards (pp. 779-791): Springer. Sibrava, N. J., & Borkovec, T. (2006). The cognitive avoidance theory of worry. Worry and its psychological disorders: Theory, assessment and treatment, 239-256. Spielberger, C. D. (1966). Theory and research on anxiety. Anxiety and behavior, 1. Spielberger, C. D. (1972). Anxiety: Current trends in theory and research: I. Stewart, T. C., & Eliasmith, C. (2011). Neural cognitive modelling: A biologically constrained spiking neuron model of the Tower of Hanoi task. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Sylvester, C., Corbetta, M., Raichle, M., Rodebaugh, T., Schlaggar, B., Sheline, Y., . . . Lenze, E. (2012). Functional network dysfunction in anxiety and anxiety disorders. Trends in neurosciences, 35(9), 527-535. Tattevin, P., Durante-Mangoni, E., & Massaquoi, M. (2014). Does this patient have Ebola virus disease? Intensive care medicine, 1-4. Thabet, A., Tawahina, A., Sarraj, E., & Vostanis, P. (2013). Death Anxiety, PTSD, Trauma, Grief, and Mental Health of Palestinians Victims of War on Gaza. Health Care Current Reviews, 1(112), 2. Treur, J. (2011). Dreaming your fear away: A computational model for fear extinction learning during dreaming. Paper presented at the Neural Information Processing. Treur, J. (2013). An integrative dynamical systems perspective on emotions. Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures, 4, 27-40. Udwin, O., Boyle, S., Yule, W., Bolton, D., & O'Ryan, D. (2000).Risk Factors for Long‐term Psychological Effects of a Disaster Experienced in Adolescence: Predictors of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(8), 969-979. Uher, R., & McGuffin, P. (2010). The moderation by the serotonin transporter gene of environmental adversity in the etiology of depression: 2009 update. Molecular psychiatry, 15(1), 18-22. Velik, R. (2013). AI Reloaded: Objectives, Potentials, and Challenges of the Novel Field of Brain-Like Artificial Intelligence. BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 3(3), pp. 25-54. vom Brocke, J., Riedl, R., & Léger, P.-M. (2013). Application strategies for neuroscience in information systems design science research. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 53(3), 1-13. Westbrook, D., Kennerley, H., & Kirk, J. (2011). An introduction to cognitive behaviour therapy: Skills and applications: Sage Publications. Westen, D. (1996). Psychology: Mind. Brain," Culture, John Wiley" Sons, Inc. Weymar, M., Löw, A., Öhman, A., & Hamm, A. O. (2011). The face is more than its parts—Brain dynamics of enhanced spatial attention to schematic threat. Neuroimage, 58(3), 946-954. Whalen, P. J., Raila, H., Bennett, R., Mattek, A., Brown, A., Taylor, J., . . . Palmer, A. (2013). Neuroscience and Facial Expressions of Emotion: The Role of Amygdala–Prefrontal Interactions. Emotion Review, 5(1), 78-83. Xie, W., Li, N., Wu, J.-D., & Hao, X.-L. (2013). Modeling economic costs of disasters and recovery involving positive effects of reconstruction: analysis using a dynamic CGE model. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 1(6), 6357-6398. Xie, W., Li, N., Wu, J.-D., & Hao, X.-L. (2014). Modeling the economic costs of disasters and recovery: analysis using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model. Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, 14(4), 757-772. Xu, Y., Schneier, F., Heimberg, R. G., Princisvalle, K., Liebowitz, M. R., Wang, S., & Blanco, C. (2012). Gender differences in social anxiety disorder: Results from the national epidemiologic sample on alcohol and related conditions. Journal of anxiety disorders, 26(1), 12-19. Yook, K., Kim, K.-H., Suh, S. Y., & Lee, K. S. (2010). Intolerance of uncertainty, worry, and rumination in major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of anxiety disorders, 24(6), 623-628. Zavos, H., Wong, C. C., Barclay, N. L., Keers, R., Mill, J., Rijsdijk, F. V., . . . Eley, T. C. (2012). Anxiety Sensitivity in adolescence and young adulthood: the role of stressful life events, 5HTTLPR and their interaction. Depression and Anxiety, 29(5), 400-408. Zeithamova, D., Schlichting, M. L., & Preston, A. R. (2012). The hippocampus and inferential reasoning: building memories to navigate future decisions. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 6. Zettle, R. D. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) vs. systematic desensitization in treatment of mathematics anxiety. The Psychological Record, 53(2), 3. Zlatanova, S., Peters, R., Dilo, A., & Scholten, H. (2012). Intelligent Systems for Crisis Management.

A neurocognitive model of high anxiety trait in victims with post disasters experience

Similar Items