Factors influencing purchase intention based on facebook advertising: A study on generation Y consumers in UUM

This purpose of this paper to is to discuss the phenomenon of social media advertising, and investigate the effectiveness of social media advertising on Malaysian Generation Y consumers. The framework as described in the study is adopted from the new model of website advertising effectiveness propos...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Nik Muhammad Ismail, Karim
Format: Thesis
Language:eng
eng
Published: 2015
Subjects:
Online Access:https://etd.uum.edu.my/5664/1/s813796_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/5664/2/s813796_02.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id my-uum-etd.5664
record_format uketd_dc
institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
collection UUM ETD
language eng
eng
advisor Md. Isa, Mohd. Azwardi
topic HF5415.33 Consumer Behavior.
spellingShingle HF5415.33 Consumer Behavior.
Nik Muhammad Ismail, Karim
Factors influencing purchase intention based on facebook advertising: A study on generation Y consumers in UUM
description This purpose of this paper to is to discuss the phenomenon of social media advertising, and investigate the effectiveness of social media advertising on Malaysian Generation Y consumers. The framework as described in the study is adopted from the new model of website advertising effectiveness proposed by a group of Macedonian researchers in 2009. The significance of this study is to illustrate the idea how businesses can strategize on how they can improve their advertisement on social media by improving purchase intention towards their products. For this purpose, the study was focused on advertising on one of the most popular social media platforms, namely Facebook, on Malaysian Generation Y consumers. They study embarked to find out the relationship between Facebook advertising attributes, Facebook page credibility, and communication towards purchase intention. A quantitative study was employed using questionnaire-based survey. The survey took place in Universiti Utara Malaysia, where it received participation from 200 respondents. Data gathered from the survey were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient, using SPSS 2, in order to test the hypothesis. The study found that Facebook advertising attributes, Facebook Page credibility and communication have positive relationships towards purchase intention. The study contributes on how businesses can strategize their advertisement on Facebook by putting emphasis on the factors that influences purchase intention.
format Thesis
qualification_name masters
qualification_level Master's degree
author Nik Muhammad Ismail, Karim
author_facet Nik Muhammad Ismail, Karim
author_sort Nik Muhammad Ismail, Karim
title Factors influencing purchase intention based on facebook advertising: A study on generation Y consumers in UUM
title_short Factors influencing purchase intention based on facebook advertising: A study on generation Y consumers in UUM
title_full Factors influencing purchase intention based on facebook advertising: A study on generation Y consumers in UUM
title_fullStr Factors influencing purchase intention based on facebook advertising: A study on generation Y consumers in UUM
title_full_unstemmed Factors influencing purchase intention based on facebook advertising: A study on generation Y consumers in UUM
title_sort factors influencing purchase intention based on facebook advertising: a study on generation y consumers in uum
granting_institution Universiti Utara Malaysia
granting_department Ghazali Shafie Graduate School of Government
publishDate 2015
url https://etd.uum.edu.my/5664/1/s813796_01.pdf
https://etd.uum.edu.my/5664/2/s813796_02.pdf
_version_ 1747827965140402176
spelling my-uum-etd.56642021-04-04T08:07:32Z Factors influencing purchase intention based on facebook advertising: A study on generation Y consumers in UUM 2015 Nik Muhammad Ismail, Karim Md. Isa, Mohd. Azwardi Ghazali Shafie Graduate School of Government Ghazali Shafie Graduate School of Government HF5415.33 Consumer Behavior. This purpose of this paper to is to discuss the phenomenon of social media advertising, and investigate the effectiveness of social media advertising on Malaysian Generation Y consumers. The framework as described in the study is adopted from the new model of website advertising effectiveness proposed by a group of Macedonian researchers in 2009. The significance of this study is to illustrate the idea how businesses can strategize on how they can improve their advertisement on social media by improving purchase intention towards their products. For this purpose, the study was focused on advertising on one of the most popular social media platforms, namely Facebook, on Malaysian Generation Y consumers. They study embarked to find out the relationship between Facebook advertising attributes, Facebook page credibility, and communication towards purchase intention. A quantitative study was employed using questionnaire-based survey. The survey took place in Universiti Utara Malaysia, where it received participation from 200 respondents. Data gathered from the survey were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient, using SPSS 2, in order to test the hypothesis. The study found that Facebook advertising attributes, Facebook Page credibility and communication have positive relationships towards purchase intention. The study contributes on how businesses can strategize their advertisement on Facebook by putting emphasis on the factors that influences purchase intention. 2015 Thesis https://etd.uum.edu.my/5664/ https://etd.uum.edu.my/5664/1/s813796_01.pdf text eng public https://etd.uum.edu.my/5664/2/s813796_02.pdf text eng public masters masters Universiti Utara Malaysia Agrawal, D. (1996). Effect of brand loyalty on advertising and trade promotions: A game theoretic analysis with empirical evidence. Marketing Science, 15, 86-108. Anderson, E. W., & Sullivan, M. W. (1993). The antecedents and consequences of customer satisfaction for firms. Marketing Science, 125-143. Baird, C. H., & Parasnis, G. (2011). From Social Media to Social Customer Relationship Management. Strategy & Leadership, 39, 30-37. Batra, R., & Ray, M. (1985). Affective response mediating acceptance of advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 234-239. Baxter, P., & Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative case study methodology: study design and implementation for novice researchers. The Qualitative Report, 544-559. Becerra, E. P., & Kargaonkar, P. K. (2011). Effects of trust beliefs on consumers' online intentions. European Journal of Marketing, 45, 936-962. Belch, G. E., & Belch, M. A. (2004). Advertising and Promotion an Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. New York. Bell, J., & Loane, S. (2010). New-wave’global firms: web 2.0 and SME internationalisation. Journal of Marketing Management, 26, 213-229. Benbunan-Fich, R. (2001). Using protocol analysis to evaluate the usability of a commercial web site. Information & Management, 39, 151-163. Bendixen, M. T. (1993). Advertising effects and effectiveness. European Journal of Marketing, 27, 19-32. Berger, J., & Heath, C. (2007). Where Consumers Diverge from Others: Identity Signaling and Product Domains. Journal of Consumer Research, 121-134. Berthon, P. R., Leyland, F. P., Plangger, K., & Shapiro, D. (2010). Berthon, P. R., Pitt, L. F., Plangger, K., & Shapiro, D. (2012). Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy. Business Horizons, 55, 261-271. Bolton, R., Parasuraman, A., Hoefnagels, A., Migchels, N., Kabadayi, S., Gruber, T., . . . Solnet, D. (2013). Understanding Generation Y and their use of social media: a review and research agenda. Journal of Service Management, 24(3), 245-267. Boudreau, M.-C., & Watson, R. T. (2005). Internet advertising strategy alignment. Internet Research, 16, 23-37. Boyd, D., & Ellison, N. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-mediated Communication, 210-230. Brettel, M., & Spilker-Attig, A. (2010). Online advertising effectiveness: a crosscultural comparison. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 4(3), 176-196. Brosdahl, D. J., & Carpenter, J. M. (2011). Shopping orientations of US males: a generational cohort comparison. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18, 548-554. Brown, S. P., & Stayman, D. M. (1992). Antecedents and consequences of attitude toward the Ad: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 19, 34-51. Bughin, J., & Manyika, J. (2007, March). How businesses are using Web 2.0: a McKinsey Global Survey. McKinsey Quarterly. Chan, F. T., & Chong, A. Y.-L. (2013). Analysis of the determinants of consumers' mcommerce usage activities. Online Information Review, 37(3), 443-461. Chatterjee, P., Hoffman, D. L., & Novak, T. P. (2003). Modeling the clickstream: Implications for web-based advertising efforts. Marketing Science, 520-541. Chaudhuri, A., & Holbrook, M. B. (2001). The chain of effects from brand trust and brand affect to brand performance: the role of brand loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 65, 81-93. Chaudhuri, A., & Holbrook, M. B. (2002). Product-class effects on brand commitment and brand outcomes: The role of brand trust and brand affect. The Journal of Brand Management, 10, 33-58. Chen, L. D., Gillenson, M. L., & Sherrell, D. L. (2002). Enticing online consumers: an extended technology acceptance perspective. Information & Management, 705-719. Cheung, M. Y., Luo, C., Choon, L. S., & Chen, H. (2009). Credibility of electronic wordof- mouth: informational and normative determinants of on-line consumer recommendations. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 13, 9-38. Child, J. (1987). Information technology , organizations, and the response to strategic challenges. California Management Review, 30, 33-50. Chung, T., & Law, R. (2003). Developing a performance indicator for hotel websites. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 119-125. Constantinides, E., & Fountain, S. J. (2008). Web 2.0: conceptual foundations and marketing issues. Journal of Direct, Data, and Digital Marketing Practice, 231-244. Cosh, C. (2009, August 21). A man and his guitar. National Post. Davis, F. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly, 319-340. De Chernatony, L., & McDonald, M. H. (1992). Creating powerful brands. Focal Press. Delgado-Ballester, E., Munuera-Aleman, J. L., & Yague-Guillen, M. (2003). Development and validation of a brand trust scale. International Journal of Market Research, 45, 35-54. Di Pietro, L., Di Virgilio, F., & Pantano, E. (2012). Social network for the choice of tourist destination: attitude and behavioral intention. Journal Of Hospitality And Tourism, 3(1), 60-76. Dickey, I. J., & Lewis, W. F. (2010). Social media perceptions and usage by Generation Y and relevant marketing implications. Society for Marketing Advances Proceedings, 191-195. Durgee, J. F. (1988). Product drama. Journal of Advertising Research. Elliot, R., & Yannopoulou, N. (2007). The nature of trust in brands: a psychosocial model. European Journal of Marketing, 41, 988-998. eMarketer. (2010). Does social media marketing make sense for the smallest businesses? Retrieved from eMarketer.com: www.emarketer.com/Article.aspx?R1⁄41008054&dsNav 1⁄4Ntk:basic%7cFacebook%7c1%7c,Rpp:25,Ro:22 Escalas, J. E., & Bettman, J. R. (2003). You Are What They Eat: The Influence of Reference Groups on Consumers’ Connections to Brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 339-348. Fam, K.-S., & Grohs, R. (2007). Cultural values and effective executional techniques in advertising. International Marketing Review, 24(5), 519-538. Feick, L. F., & Price, L. L. (1987). The market maven: A diffuser of marketplace information. The Journal of Marketing, 83-97. Ferguson, R. (2008). Word of mouth and viral marketing: taking the Temperature of the hottest trends in marketing. Journal of consumer marketing, 179-182. Gefen, D., & Straub, D. W. (1997). Gender differences in the perception and use of email: An extension to the technology acceptance model. MIS Quarterly, 389-400. Goldsmith, R. E. (2002). Explaining and predicting consumer intention to purchase over the internet: an exploratory study. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 22-28. Gresham, L. G., & Shimp, T. A. (1985). Attitude toward the advertisement and brand attitudes: a classical conditioning perspective. Journal of Advertising, 10-18. Groucutt, J. (2006). The life, death and resuscitation of brands. Handbook of Business Strategy, 7, 101-106. Gruber, F. (2006, July 26). Advertising on social networks. Retrieved from imediaconnection.com: http://www.imediaconnection.com/content/10585. asp Ha, Y.-h., John, J., Janda, S., & Muthaly, S. (2011). The effects of advertising spending on brand loyalty in services. European Journal of Marketing, 45, 673-691. Hanafizadeh, P., Behboudi, M., Ahadi, F., & Varkani, F. G. (2012). Internet advertising adoption: a structural equation model for Iranian SMEs. Internet Research, 22(4), 499-526. Hanna, R., Rohm, A., & Crittenden, V. L. (2011). We’re all connected: the power of the social media ecosystem. Business Horizons, 54, 265-273. Harris, L., & Cohen, G. (2003). Marketing in the Internet age: what can we learn from the past. Marketing Decision, 41(9), 994-956. Harris, L., & Dennis, C. (2011). Engaging customers on Facebook: Challenges for eretailers. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 338-346. Harrison-Walker, L. J. (2001). The measurement of word-of-mouth communication and an investigation of service quality and customer commitment as potential antecedents. Journal of service research, 4, 60-75. Hart, J., Ridley, C., Taher, F., Sas, C., & Dix, A. (2008). Exploring the Facebook experience: a new approach to usability. NordiCHI 2008 (pp. 18-22). Using Bridges, Lund. Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K. P., Walsh, G., & Gremier, D. D. (2004). Electronic word‐of‐mouth via consumer‐opinion platforms: What motivates consumers to articulate themselves on the Internet? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 18, 38-52. Hitwise. (2008). The impact of social networking in the UK. Retrieved from Bergen Media: www.bergenmediaby.no/admin/ressurser/ QCetFnO$_11_Social_Networking_Report_2008.pdf Hogan Jr., D. (n.d.). Malaysia Social Media Statistics. Retrieved December 17, 2013, from MalaysiaAsia: http://blog.malaysia-asia.my/ 2013/09/malaysia-socialmedia-statistics.html Homer, P. M. (1990). The mediating role of attitude toward the Ad: some additional evidence. Journal of Marketing Research, 27, 78-86. Homer, P. M., & Yoon, S. G. (1992). Message framing and the interrelationship among Ad-Based Feelings, Affect, and Cognitiion. Journal of Advertising, 21, 19-33. Hopkins, J. (2012). Can Facebook be an effective mechanism for generating growth and value in small businesses? Journal of System and Information Technology, 14(2), 131-141. Howe, N., & Strauss, W. (1991). Generations: The History of America’s Future 1584-2069. New York: William Morrow and Company. Indrupati, J., & Henari, T. (2012). Entrepreneurial success, using online social networking: evaluation. Education, Business And Society: Contemporary Middle Eastern Issues, 5(1), 47-62. Johar, J. S., & Sirgy, M. J. (1991). Value-expressive versus utilitarian advertising appeals: when and why to use which appeal. Journal of Advertising, 23-33. Johnson, T., & Kaye, B. (1998). Cruising is Believing? Comparing Internet and Traditional News Sources on Media Credbility Measures. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 75, 325-340. Johnson, T., & Kaye, B. (2002). Webelievabiliti: A Path Model Examining How Convenience and Reliance Predict Online Credibility. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 79, 619-642. Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2012). Social media: back to the roots and back to the future. Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 14, 101-104. Kessler, S. (2010, 10 18). The future of the hotel industry and social media. Retrieved from Mashable.com: http:// mashable.com/2010/10/ 18/hotel-industrysocial-media/ Khakimdjanova, L., & Park, J. (2005). Online visual merchandising practice of apparel e-merchants. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 12, 307-318. Kietzmann, J. H., Hermkens, K., McCarthy, I. P., & Silvestre, B. (2011). Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media. Business Horizons, 241-251. Kim, S., & Stoel, L. (2004). Dimensional hierarchy of retail website quality. Information & Management, 41, 619-633. Kirmani, A. (1997). Advertising repetition as a much, something must be wrong. Journal of Advertising, 26, 77-86. Kirmani, A., & Wright, P. (1989). Money talks: Perceived advertising expense and expected product quality. Journal of Consumer Research, 344-353. Lake, A. (2011). Why Facebook fans are useless. Retrieved from iMedia Connection: http:// www.imediaconnection.com/content/30235. asp] Lavidge, R. G., & Steiner, G. A. (1961). A model for predictive measurement of advertising effectiveness. Journal of Marketing, 25, 59-62. Law, R., & Hsu, C. H. (2005). Customers' perceptions on the importance of hotel web site dimensions and attributes. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 493-503. Leskovec, J., Adamic, L. A., & Huberman, B. (2008). The dynamics of viral marketing. Retrieved from Arxiv.org: http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/physics/pdf/0509/ 0509039v4.pdf Levy, S. J. (1959). Symbols for sale. Harvard Business Review, 117-119. Liang, K., & Law, R. (2003). A modified functionality performance evaluation model for evaluating the performance of China based hotel websites. Journal of Academy of Business and Economics, 193-208. Lim, Y. M., Yap, C. S., & Lau, T. C. (2010). Response to Internet advertising among Malaysian young consumers. Cross-Cultural Communication, 6(2), 93-99. Lorenzo-Romero, C., & Constantinides, E. (2011). Consumer adoption of social networking sites: implications for theory and practice. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 170-188. Lorenzo-Romero, C., Constantinides, E., del Carmen, M., & del Amo, A. (2011). Consumer adoption of social networking sites: implications for theory and practice. Journal Of Research In Interactive Marketing, 5(2/3), 170-188. Lyndon, J., Jamieson, D., & Zanna, M. (1988). Interpersonal Similarity and the Social and Intellectual Dimensions of First Impressions. Social Cognition, 269-286. MacDonald, M. H. (1984). Marketing plans: How to prepare them: How to use them. London: Heineman. Machleit, K. A., & Wilson, R. D. (1988). Emotional feelings and attitude toward the advertisement: The roles of brand familarity and repetition. Journal of Advertising, 27-35. MacKenzie, S., Lutz, R., & Belch, G. (1986). The role of attitude toward the ad as a mediator of advertising effectiveness: a test of competing explanations. Journal of Marketing Research, 130-143. MalaysiaAsia. (2013, September 9). Malaysia social media statistics. Retrieved from MalaysiaAsia.com: http://blog.malaysia-asia.my/ 2013/09/malaysia-socialmedia-statistics.html Marsden, P. (2011, May 18). What will sell on Facebook? Insights from word-ofmouth research. Retrieved from Digital Inteligence: http://digitalintelligencetoday.com/what-will- sell-on-facebook-insights-fromword-of-mouth- research/ Mathieson, K. (1991). Predicting User Intentions: Comparing the Technology Acceptance Model with the Theory of Planned Behavior. Information Systems Research, 173-191. McCracken, G. (1988). Culture and Consumption: New Approaches to the Symbolic Character of Consumer Goods and Activities. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Meenaghan, T. (1995). The role of advertising in brand image development. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 4, 23-34. Meyers, Y. J., & Morgan, A. J. (2013). Targeted marketing and African American millennial consumers. Journal Of Research In Interactive Marketing, 7(1), 6-17. Miller, K. D., Fabian, F., & Lin, S. J. (2009). Strategies for online communities. Strategic Management Journal, 305-322. Mitchell, A., & Olson, J. (1981). Are product attribute beliefs the only mediator of advertising effects on brand attitude and attitude towards the advertisement. Journal of Marketing Research, 318-332. Moore, J. J., & Rodgers, L. R. (2005). An Examination of Advertising Credibility and Skepticism in Five Different Media Using the Persuasion Knowledge Model. American Academy of Advertising Conference Proceedings, (p. 10). Moore, M. (2012). Interactive media usage among millenial consumers. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 29(6), 436-444. Moorthy, S., & Hawkins, S. A. (2005). Advertising repetition and quality perception. Journal of Business Research, 354-360. Moorthy, S., & Zhao, H. (2000). Advertising spending and perceived quality. Marketing Letters, 11, 221-233. Morry, M. M. (2007). Relationship Satisfaction as a Predictor of Perceived Similarity Among Cross-Sex Friends: A Test of the Attraction-Similarity Model. Journal of Social and Per- sonal Relationships, 117-138. Musante, M. D., Bojanic, D. C., & Zhang, J. (2009). An evaluation of hotel website attribute utilization and effectiveness by hotel class. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 203-215. Naylor, R. W., Lamberton, C. P., & West, P. M. (2012). Beyond the 'Like' button: the impact of mere virtual presence on brand evaluations and purchase intentions in social media settings. American Marketing Association, 76, 105-120. Newman, A. A. (2011, August 4). Brands Now Direct Their Followers to Social Media. The New York Times. Nielsen. (2009). How teens use media. Retrieved from Nielsen Report: www.nielsen.com Ofcom. (2008). Social networking: a quantitative and qualitative research report into attitudes, behaviours and use. Retrieved from Office of Communication: www.ofcom.org.uk/advice/media_literacy/medlit pub/medlitpubrss/socialnetworking/report.pdf Okazaki, S., & Taylor, C. (2013). Social media and international advertising: theoretical challenges and future directions. International Marketing Review, 30(1), 56-71. Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 33-44. O'Reilly, K., & Marx, S. (2011). How young, technical consumers assess online WOW credibility. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 14(4), 330-359. Pabooteah, D. V., Valacich, J. S., & Wells, J. D. (2009). The influence of website characteristics on a consumer’s urge to buy impulsively. Information Systems Research, 60-78. Palfrey, J., & Gasser, U. (2008). Born Digital: Understanding the First Generation of Digital Natives. New York: Basic Book. Palmer, A., & Koenig-Lewis, N. (2009). An experiential, social network-based approach to direct marketing. Direct Marketing: An International Journal, 3(3), 162-176. Palmer, J. (2002). Web site usability, design, and performance metrics. Information Systems Research, 13, 151-167. Patino, A., Pitta, D. A., & Quinones, R. (2012). Social media's emerging importance in market research. Journal Of Consumer Marketing, 29(3), 233-237. Patsioura, F., Vlachopoulou, M., & Manthou, V. (2009). A new advertising effectiveness model for corporate advertising web sites. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 16(3), 372-386. Pattino, A., Pitta, D. A., & Quinones, R. (2012). Social media's emerging importance in market research. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 233-237. Phelan, K. V., Chen, H.-T., & Haney, M. (2013). "Like" and "Check-in": how hotels utilize Facebook as an effective marketing tool. Journal Of Hospitality And Tourism, 4(2), 134-154. Phelps, J. E., & Hoy, M. G. (1996). The Aad-Ab-PI Relationship in children: the impact of brand familiarity and measurement timing. Psychology & Marketing, 77-101. Reichheld, F. F. (2001). Loyalty Rules! How Today’s Leaders Build Lasting Relationships. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Reynolds, F. D., & Rentz, J. O. (1981). Cohort analysis: an aid to strategic planning. Journal of Marketing, 45, 62-70. Rong, J., Li, G., & Law, R. (2009). A contrast analysis of online hotel web service purchasers and browers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 466-478. Rowley, J. (2004). Just another channel? Marketing communications in e-business. Marketing Intelligence And Planning, 22(1), 24-41. Saadeghvaziri, F., Dehdashti, Z., & Askarabad, M. (2013). Web advertising: assessing beliefs, attitudes, purchase intention and behavioral responses. Journal Of Economic And Administrative Sciences, 29(2), 99-112. Scheuler, J. (2005). Successful visits increase hotel web site loyalty. Hotel and Motel Management, 6-18. Schewe, C. D., & Meredith, G. (2004). Segmenting global markets by generational cohorts: determining motivations by age. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 4, 51-63. Schlosser, A. E. (2005). Posting versus lurking: communication in a multiple audience context. Journal of Consumer Research, 32, 260-265. Schlosser, A. E., White, T. B., & Lloyd, S. M. (2006). Converting web site visitors into buyers: how web site investment increases consumer trusting beliefs and online purchase intentions. Journal of Marketing, 133-148. Shao, G. (2009). Understanding the appeal of user-generated media: a uses and gratification perspective. Internet Research, 19, 7-25. Sharma, G., & Li, B. (2013). Customer satisfaction in Web 2.0 and information technology development. Information Technology & People, 26(4), 347-367. Shin, D.-H. (2010). Analysis of online social networks: a cross-national study. Online Information Review, 34(3), 473-495. Simmons, G. (2007). "i-Branding": developing the internet as a branding tool. Marketing Intelligence And Planning, 25(6), 544-562. Smith, B., Gray, T. C., & Ryan, M. A. (2007). When epidemiology meets the Internet: Web-based surveys in the Millennium Cohort Study. American journal of epidemiology, 1345-1354. Smith, K. T. (2012). Longitudinal study of digital marketing strategies targeting Millennials. Journal Of Consumer Marketing, 29(2), 86-92. Smith, T., Coyle, J. R., Lightfoot, E., & Jun, A. (2007). Reconsidering models of influence: the relationship between consumer social networks and word-ofmouth effectiveness. Journal of Advertising Research, 387-97. Subramani, M. R., & Rajagopalan, B. (2003). Knowledge-sharing and influence in online social networks via viral marketing. Communications of the ACM, 300-307. Sunnafrank, M., & Ramirez, A. (2004). At first sight: Persistent relational effects of get-acquainted conversations. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 361-379. Susskind, A. M. (2002). I told you so! Restaurants’ customers word-of-mouth communication patterns. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 43, 75-85. Syed-Ahmad, S. F., & Murphy, J. (2010). Social networking as a marketing tool: the case of a small Australian company. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 19, 700-716. Tan, K. S., Chong, S. C., & Lin, B. (2013). Intention to use internet marketing: a comparative study between Malaysians and South Koreans. Kybernetes, 42(6), 888-905. Taylor, D. G., Lewin, J. E., & Strutton, D. (2011). Friends, fans, and followers: do ads work on social networks? Business Faculty Publications. Tellis, G. (2009, June). Generalizations about advertising effectiveness in markets. Journal Of Advertising Research, 49(2), 9-35. Thackeray, R., Neiger, B. L., Hanson, C. L., & McKenzie, J. F. (2008). Enhancing Promotional Strategies Within Social Marketing Programs: Use of Web 2.0 Social Media. Social Marketing and Health Communication, 338-343. Toh, T. W., Marthandan, G., Chong, A. Y.-L., Ooi, K.-B., & Arumugam, S. (2009). What drives Malaysian m-commerce adoption? An empirical analysis. Industrial Management And Data System, 109(3), 370-388. Universal Mccann International. (2008, April 14). Universal Mccann International Social Media Research Wave 3. Retrieved from Slideshare.net: http://www.slideshare.net/ mickstravellin/universal-mccann-international social-media-research-wave-3 Vakratsas, D., & Ambler, T. (1999). How advertising works: what do we really know? The Journal of Marketing, 26-43. Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 186-2004. Watson, R. T., Zinkhan, G. M., & Pitt, L. F. (2000). Integrated internet marketing. Communications of the ACM, 43, 97-102. Yaakop, A., Mohamed Anuar, M., & Omar, K. (2013). Like it or not: Issue of credibility in Facebook advertising. Asian Social Sciene, 9, 154-163. Yeap, A. L., Thurasamy, R., & Omar, A. (2012). Engaging millennials in an evolving environment: some key points for e-retailers. Business Strategy Series, 13(3), 111-117. Yoo, B., & Donthu, N. (2001). Developing a scale to measure the perceived quality of an Internet shopping site (SITEQUAL). Quarterly Journal of Electronic Commerce, 2, 31-45. Zemke, R., Raines, C., & Filipzack, B. (2000). Generations at Work: Managing the Clash of Veterans, Boomers, Xers, and Nexters in Your Workplace. New York: AMACOM. Zviran, M., Glezer, C., & Avni, I. (2006). User satisfaction from commercial web sites: The effect of design and use. Information & Management, 43, 157-178.